Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsBenefitsMacro and MicronutrientsServing SizeRaw vs. Cooked
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Benefits
Macro and Micronutrients
Serving Size
Raw vs. Cooked
Pumpkinseeds (pepitas) have many health benefits. They are high inantioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and healthy fats. These nutrients are great for your heart and immune system and reduce inflammation.One surprising benefit of pumpkin seeds is their effect on fertility. They are believed to promote healthytestosterone levelsand improve sperm quality.This article discusses pumpkin seeds' benefits, nutrients, serving size, and the best ways to eat them.Kseniya Ovchinnikova/ Getty ImagesCould Pumpkin Seed Oil Help You to Beat Hair Loss?Benefits of Snacking on Pumpkin SeedsFrom heart health to reproductive health, numerous reasons exist to reach for a bag of pumpkin seeds for your next snack.Reduces InflammationStudies have found that the following nutrients make pumpkin seeds a potentanti-inflammatoryfood:ZincPhosphorousMagnesiumPotassiumSeleniumReducing inflammation is especially helpful for chronic inflammatory conditions likerheumatoid arthritis.Lowers Cancer RiskResearch found that pumpkin seeds’polyphenolsand other compounds may protect againstprostate cancer.In one study, five different pumpkin seed extracts were evaluated for their effect on prostate cancer cells. All of the extracts inhibited the cancer cells from increasing in number.Another study found a positive association between pumpkin seed consumption and reducedbreast cancerrisk.Researchers evaluated the effect ofphytoestrogen-rich foods(plant compounds that mimic estrogen in the body), including pumpkin seeds, onpostmenopausalpeople.They found that those who ate phytoestrogen-rich foods had significantly lower risks of breast cancer than those who did not.Improves Prostate HealthNot only might pumpkin seeds help prevent prostate cancer, but they also may benefit the prostate in other ways. A study found that people withbenign prostatic hyperplasia(enlarged prostate) and lower urinary tract symptoms who ate pumpkin seeds lowered their International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS).The difference in improvement between the pumpkin seed andplacebogroups (those given an ineffective substance to act as a control group) was significant.Supports Heart HealthPumpkin seeds are high infiber—especially when eaten with the shell, which is associated with reduced heart disease and obesity risk.Plus, the high magnesium content in pumpkin seeds is great for heart health and blood pressure.Reduces Diabetes RiskPumpkin seeds havehypoglycemicproperties, which help you maintain proper blood sugar levels.Managing blood sugar levels is crucial in managing and preventingdiabetes.In one study, researchers found that when participants ate 65 grams (g) of pumpkin seeds—equivalent to a little less than one-half cup—theirblood glucose (sugar) levels, which rise in type 2 diabetes, were significantly lower than in participants in the control group, who did not consume pumpkin seeds.Improves DigestionPumpkin seeds are an excellent source of fiber, which protects digestive health. Research found that dietary fiber offers the following digestive benefits:Protects thegut microbiome(microorganisms living in the digestive tract)ImprovescolonhealthPreventsconstipationFoods to Relieve ConstipationStrengthens Sperm QualityZincis an essential trace element that helps balance hormones. It is beneficial for testosterone, prostate, and sexual functions.Zinc deficiencyis linked to sperm abnormalities and lower testosterone levels.Researchers found evidence in animal studies that punpkin seeds could help with sperm quality, although no human studies have confirmed this yet. Since pumpkin seeds are a potent source of zinc, which is known to be beneficial forsperm quality, adding them to your diet may help withfertility.Helps With Better SleepPumpkin seeds are high intryptophan, the amino acid you may be most familiar with for inducing that post–turkey dinner sleepiness on Thanksgiving. Research found that eating tryptophan-rich foods improves sleep quality and total sleep time.Supports Bone HealthThe highmagnesiumlevels in pumpkin seeds make them an excellent food source for bone health. When people are deficient in magnesium, they are more likely to experience the following:Osteoporosis(a condition of decreased bone mineral density and bone mass that weakens bones)Lower bone mineral densityHigher risk for bone fracturesOf the magnesium in the body, 60% is stored in the bones.Boosts Your Immune SystemPumpkin seeds haveimmunomodulatoryeffects, which means they can regulate immune functions. In addition, the pumpkin family’s fatty acids, polyphenols, andprebioticsare known to stimulate theimmune system.Also, pumpkin seeds' high levels of vitamins A, C, and E help the immune system fight off infections. Some researchers suggest that pumpkin and pumpkin seeds can be considered “pharma foods”—foods that may be nearly as beneficial as medications—due to their functional and nutraceutical (healing) role in the body.Pumpkin Seeds in Traditional MedicineTraditionally, pumpkin seeds have been used to treat the following:Intestinal wormsChildhood bed-wettingConstipationAsthmaMild lung conditionsMacro- and Micronutrient Content of Pumpkin SeedsPumpkin seeds contain beneficial nutrients, includingmacronutrients(energy sources from fat, protein, and carbohydrates) andmicronutrients(vitamins and minerals). These include:CarbohydratesProteinFatFiberPotassiumIronCalciumPhosphorusCopperMagnesiumHow Many Pumpkin Seeds Is a Single Serving?A serving size is 1 ounce (28 g), or a little less than one-quarter cup.There are approximately 150 pumpkin seeds in a 1-ounce serving.Raw vs. Cooked Pumpkin Seeds: What’s Healthier?Like most foods, the longer you cook them, the more nutrients are lost. Plus, too much salt can quickly turn healthy food into unhealthy food. The best way to eat pumpkin seeds for maximum benefit is raw.That said, many people don’t enjoy the taste without some seasoning. You can still enjoy pumpkin seeds with seasoning and lightly roasted without overdoing it.An excellent way to add raw, unsalted pumpkin seeds to your diet is to add them to a smoothie or mix them into your oatmeal or granola.SummaryPumpkin seeds are healthy. Pepitas benefit heart health, fertility, bone health, and immune system support, and more. You can get a whole serving in 1 ounce (one-eighth of a cup). Mix raw and unsalted seeds into a smoothie for breakfast, or roast and lightly season them for a snack.
Pumpkinseeds (pepitas) have many health benefits. They are high inantioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and healthy fats. These nutrients are great for your heart and immune system and reduce inflammation.
One surprising benefit of pumpkin seeds is their effect on fertility. They are believed to promote healthytestosterone levelsand improve sperm quality.
This article discusses pumpkin seeds' benefits, nutrients, serving size, and the best ways to eat them.
Kseniya Ovchinnikova/ Getty Images
Could Pumpkin Seed Oil Help You to Beat Hair Loss?
Benefits of Snacking on Pumpkin Seeds
From heart health to reproductive health, numerous reasons exist to reach for a bag of pumpkin seeds for your next snack.
Reduces Inflammation
Studies have found that the following nutrients make pumpkin seeds a potentanti-inflammatoryfood:
Reducing inflammation is especially helpful for chronic inflammatory conditions likerheumatoid arthritis.
Lowers Cancer Risk
Research found that pumpkin seeds’polyphenolsand other compounds may protect againstprostate cancer.In one study, five different pumpkin seed extracts were evaluated for their effect on prostate cancer cells. All of the extracts inhibited the cancer cells from increasing in number.
Another study found a positive association between pumpkin seed consumption and reducedbreast cancerrisk.Researchers evaluated the effect ofphytoestrogen-rich foods(plant compounds that mimic estrogen in the body), including pumpkin seeds, onpostmenopausalpeople.
They found that those who ate phytoestrogen-rich foods had significantly lower risks of breast cancer than those who did not.
Improves Prostate Health
Not only might pumpkin seeds help prevent prostate cancer, but they also may benefit the prostate in other ways. A study found that people withbenign prostatic hyperplasia(enlarged prostate) and lower urinary tract symptoms who ate pumpkin seeds lowered their International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS).
The difference in improvement between the pumpkin seed andplacebogroups (those given an ineffective substance to act as a control group) was significant.
Supports Heart Health
Pumpkin seeds are high infiber—especially when eaten with the shell, which is associated with reduced heart disease and obesity risk.Plus, the high magnesium content in pumpkin seeds is great for heart health and blood pressure.
Reduces Diabetes Risk
Pumpkin seeds havehypoglycemicproperties, which help you maintain proper blood sugar levels.Managing blood sugar levels is crucial in managing and preventingdiabetes.
In one study, researchers found that when participants ate 65 grams (g) of pumpkin seeds—equivalent to a little less than one-half cup—theirblood glucose (sugar) levels, which rise in type 2 diabetes, were significantly lower than in participants in the control group, who did not consume pumpkin seeds.
Improves Digestion
Pumpkin seeds are an excellent source of fiber, which protects digestive health. Research found that dietary fiber offers the following digestive benefits:
Foods to Relieve Constipation
Strengthens Sperm Quality
Zincis an essential trace element that helps balance hormones. It is beneficial for testosterone, prostate, and sexual functions.Zinc deficiencyis linked to sperm abnormalities and lower testosterone levels.
Researchers found evidence in animal studies that punpkin seeds could help with sperm quality, although no human studies have confirmed this yet. Since pumpkin seeds are a potent source of zinc, which is known to be beneficial forsperm quality, adding them to your diet may help withfertility.
Helps With Better Sleep
Pumpkin seeds are high intryptophan, the amino acid you may be most familiar with for inducing that post–turkey dinner sleepiness on Thanksgiving. Research found that eating tryptophan-rich foods improves sleep quality and total sleep time.
Supports Bone Health
The highmagnesiumlevels in pumpkin seeds make them an excellent food source for bone health. When people are deficient in magnesium, they are more likely to experience the following:
Of the magnesium in the body, 60% is stored in the bones.
Boosts Your Immune System
Pumpkin seeds haveimmunomodulatoryeffects, which means they can regulate immune functions. In addition, the pumpkin family’s fatty acids, polyphenols, andprebioticsare known to stimulate theimmune system.
Also, pumpkin seeds' high levels of vitamins A, C, and E help the immune system fight off infections. Some researchers suggest that pumpkin and pumpkin seeds can be considered “pharma foods”—foods that may be nearly as beneficial as medications—due to their functional and nutraceutical (healing) role in the body.
Pumpkin Seeds in Traditional MedicineTraditionally, pumpkin seeds have been used to treat the following:Intestinal wormsChildhood bed-wettingConstipationAsthmaMild lung conditions
Pumpkin Seeds in Traditional Medicine
Traditionally, pumpkin seeds have been used to treat the following:Intestinal wormsChildhood bed-wettingConstipationAsthmaMild lung conditions
Traditionally, pumpkin seeds have been used to treat the following:
Macro- and Micronutrient Content of Pumpkin Seeds
Pumpkin seeds contain beneficial nutrients, includingmacronutrients(energy sources from fat, protein, and carbohydrates) andmicronutrients(vitamins and minerals). These include:
How Many Pumpkin Seeds Is a Single Serving?
A serving size is 1 ounce (28 g), or a little less than one-quarter cup.There are approximately 150 pumpkin seeds in a 1-ounce serving.
Raw vs. Cooked Pumpkin Seeds: What’s Healthier?
Like most foods, the longer you cook them, the more nutrients are lost. Plus, too much salt can quickly turn healthy food into unhealthy food. The best way to eat pumpkin seeds for maximum benefit is raw.
That said, many people don’t enjoy the taste without some seasoning. You can still enjoy pumpkin seeds with seasoning and lightly roasted without overdoing it.
An excellent way to add raw, unsalted pumpkin seeds to your diet is to add them to a smoothie or mix them into your oatmeal or granola.
Summary
Pumpkin seeds are healthy. Pepitas benefit heart health, fertility, bone health, and immune system support, and more. You can get a whole serving in 1 ounce (one-eighth of a cup). Mix raw and unsalted seeds into a smoothie for breakfast, or roast and lightly season them for a snack.
16 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Batool M, Ranjha MMAN, Roobab U, et al.Nutritional value, phytochemical potential, and therapeutic benefits of pumpkin (Cucurbitasp.).Plants (Basel). 2022;11(11):1394. doi:10.3390/plants11111394Nomikos T, Gioti K, Tsoukala M, Tenta R.Pumpkin seed extracts inhibit proliferation and induce autophagy in PC-3 androgen insensitive prostate cancer cells.J Med Food. 2021;24(10):1076-1082. doi:10.1089/jmf.2020.0200Zaineddin AK, Buck K, Vrieling A, et al.The association between dietary lignans, phytoestrogen-rich foods, and fiber intake and postmenopausal breast cancer risk: a German case-control study.Nutr Cancer. 2012;64(5):652-665. doi:10.1080/01635581.2012.683227Vahlensieck W, Theurer C, Pfitzer E, Patz B, Banik N, Engelmann U.Effects of pumpkin seed in men with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia in the one-year, randomized, placebo-controlled GRANU study.Urol Int. 2015;94(3):286-295. doi:10.1159/000362903American Heart Association.Pumpkin seeds pack a healthy punch.Adams GG, Imran S, Wang S, et al.The hypoglycemic effect of pumpkin seeds, Trigonelline (TRG), Nicotinic acid (NA), and D-Chiro-inositol (DCI) in controlling glycemic levels in diabetes mellitus.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2014;54(10):1322-1329. doi:10.1080/10408398.2011.635816Cândido FG, de Oliveira FCE, Lima MFC, et al.Addition of pooled pumpkin seed to mixed meals reduced postprandial glycemia: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.Nutr Res. 2018;56:90-97. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2018.04.015Barber TM, Kabisch S, Pfeiffer AFH, Weickert MO.The health benefits of dietary fibre.Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3209. doi:10.3390/nu12103209Fallah A, Mohammad-Hasani A, Colagar AH.Zinc is an essential element for male fertility: A review of Zn roles in men’s health, germination, sperm quality, and fertilization.J Reprod Infertil. 2018;19(2):69-81.Sejbuk M, Mirończuk-Chodakowska I, Witkowska AM.Sleep quality: A narrative review on nutrition, stimulants, and physical activity as important factors.Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1912. doi:10.3390/nu14091912Rondanelli M, Faliva MA, Tartara A, et al.An update on magnesium and bone health.Biometals. 2021;34(4):715-736. doi:10.1007/s10534-021-00305-0Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.Magnesium.Hussain A, Kausar T, Sehar S, et al.A review on biochemical constituents of pumpkin and their role as pharma foods; a key strategy to improve health in post COVID 19 period.Food Production, Processing and Nutrition. 2023;5(1):22. doi:10.1186/s43014-023-00138-zUniversity of Texas at El Paso.Pumpkin seeds.Dotto, J. M., & Chacha, J. S.The potential of pumpkin seeds as a functional food ingredient: A review.Scientific African, 2020;10(e00575). doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00575U.S. Department of Agriculture.Pumpkin seeds, unsalted.
16 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Batool M, Ranjha MMAN, Roobab U, et al.Nutritional value, phytochemical potential, and therapeutic benefits of pumpkin (Cucurbitasp.).Plants (Basel). 2022;11(11):1394. doi:10.3390/plants11111394Nomikos T, Gioti K, Tsoukala M, Tenta R.Pumpkin seed extracts inhibit proliferation and induce autophagy in PC-3 androgen insensitive prostate cancer cells.J Med Food. 2021;24(10):1076-1082. doi:10.1089/jmf.2020.0200Zaineddin AK, Buck K, Vrieling A, et al.The association between dietary lignans, phytoestrogen-rich foods, and fiber intake and postmenopausal breast cancer risk: a German case-control study.Nutr Cancer. 2012;64(5):652-665. doi:10.1080/01635581.2012.683227Vahlensieck W, Theurer C, Pfitzer E, Patz B, Banik N, Engelmann U.Effects of pumpkin seed in men with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia in the one-year, randomized, placebo-controlled GRANU study.Urol Int. 2015;94(3):286-295. doi:10.1159/000362903American Heart Association.Pumpkin seeds pack a healthy punch.Adams GG, Imran S, Wang S, et al.The hypoglycemic effect of pumpkin seeds, Trigonelline (TRG), Nicotinic acid (NA), and D-Chiro-inositol (DCI) in controlling glycemic levels in diabetes mellitus.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2014;54(10):1322-1329. doi:10.1080/10408398.2011.635816Cândido FG, de Oliveira FCE, Lima MFC, et al.Addition of pooled pumpkin seed to mixed meals reduced postprandial glycemia: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.Nutr Res. 2018;56:90-97. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2018.04.015Barber TM, Kabisch S, Pfeiffer AFH, Weickert MO.The health benefits of dietary fibre.Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3209. doi:10.3390/nu12103209Fallah A, Mohammad-Hasani A, Colagar AH.Zinc is an essential element for male fertility: A review of Zn roles in men’s health, germination, sperm quality, and fertilization.J Reprod Infertil. 2018;19(2):69-81.Sejbuk M, Mirończuk-Chodakowska I, Witkowska AM.Sleep quality: A narrative review on nutrition, stimulants, and physical activity as important factors.Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1912. doi:10.3390/nu14091912Rondanelli M, Faliva MA, Tartara A, et al.An update on magnesium and bone health.Biometals. 2021;34(4):715-736. doi:10.1007/s10534-021-00305-0Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.Magnesium.Hussain A, Kausar T, Sehar S, et al.A review on biochemical constituents of pumpkin and their role as pharma foods; a key strategy to improve health in post COVID 19 period.Food Production, Processing and Nutrition. 2023;5(1):22. doi:10.1186/s43014-023-00138-zUniversity of Texas at El Paso.Pumpkin seeds.Dotto, J. M., & Chacha, J. S.The potential of pumpkin seeds as a functional food ingredient: A review.Scientific African, 2020;10(e00575). doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00575U.S. Department of Agriculture.Pumpkin seeds, unsalted.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Batool M, Ranjha MMAN, Roobab U, et al.Nutritional value, phytochemical potential, and therapeutic benefits of pumpkin (Cucurbitasp.).Plants (Basel). 2022;11(11):1394. doi:10.3390/plants11111394Nomikos T, Gioti K, Tsoukala M, Tenta R.Pumpkin seed extracts inhibit proliferation and induce autophagy in PC-3 androgen insensitive prostate cancer cells.J Med Food. 2021;24(10):1076-1082. doi:10.1089/jmf.2020.0200Zaineddin AK, Buck K, Vrieling A, et al.The association between dietary lignans, phytoestrogen-rich foods, and fiber intake and postmenopausal breast cancer risk: a German case-control study.Nutr Cancer. 2012;64(5):652-665. doi:10.1080/01635581.2012.683227Vahlensieck W, Theurer C, Pfitzer E, Patz B, Banik N, Engelmann U.Effects of pumpkin seed in men with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia in the one-year, randomized, placebo-controlled GRANU study.Urol Int. 2015;94(3):286-295. doi:10.1159/000362903American Heart Association.Pumpkin seeds pack a healthy punch.Adams GG, Imran S, Wang S, et al.The hypoglycemic effect of pumpkin seeds, Trigonelline (TRG), Nicotinic acid (NA), and D-Chiro-inositol (DCI) in controlling glycemic levels in diabetes mellitus.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2014;54(10):1322-1329. doi:10.1080/10408398.2011.635816Cândido FG, de Oliveira FCE, Lima MFC, et al.Addition of pooled pumpkin seed to mixed meals reduced postprandial glycemia: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.Nutr Res. 2018;56:90-97. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2018.04.015Barber TM, Kabisch S, Pfeiffer AFH, Weickert MO.The health benefits of dietary fibre.Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3209. doi:10.3390/nu12103209Fallah A, Mohammad-Hasani A, Colagar AH.Zinc is an essential element for male fertility: A review of Zn roles in men’s health, germination, sperm quality, and fertilization.J Reprod Infertil. 2018;19(2):69-81.Sejbuk M, Mirończuk-Chodakowska I, Witkowska AM.Sleep quality: A narrative review on nutrition, stimulants, and physical activity as important factors.Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1912. doi:10.3390/nu14091912Rondanelli M, Faliva MA, Tartara A, et al.An update on magnesium and bone health.Biometals. 2021;34(4):715-736. doi:10.1007/s10534-021-00305-0Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.Magnesium.Hussain A, Kausar T, Sehar S, et al.A review on biochemical constituents of pumpkin and their role as pharma foods; a key strategy to improve health in post COVID 19 period.Food Production, Processing and Nutrition. 2023;5(1):22. doi:10.1186/s43014-023-00138-zUniversity of Texas at El Paso.Pumpkin seeds.Dotto, J. M., & Chacha, J. S.The potential of pumpkin seeds as a functional food ingredient: A review.Scientific African, 2020;10(e00575). doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00575U.S. Department of Agriculture.Pumpkin seeds, unsalted.
Batool M, Ranjha MMAN, Roobab U, et al.Nutritional value, phytochemical potential, and therapeutic benefits of pumpkin (Cucurbitasp.).Plants (Basel). 2022;11(11):1394. doi:10.3390/plants11111394
Nomikos T, Gioti K, Tsoukala M, Tenta R.Pumpkin seed extracts inhibit proliferation and induce autophagy in PC-3 androgen insensitive prostate cancer cells.J Med Food. 2021;24(10):1076-1082. doi:10.1089/jmf.2020.0200
Zaineddin AK, Buck K, Vrieling A, et al.The association between dietary lignans, phytoestrogen-rich foods, and fiber intake and postmenopausal breast cancer risk: a German case-control study.Nutr Cancer. 2012;64(5):652-665. doi:10.1080/01635581.2012.683227
Vahlensieck W, Theurer C, Pfitzer E, Patz B, Banik N, Engelmann U.Effects of pumpkin seed in men with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia in the one-year, randomized, placebo-controlled GRANU study.Urol Int. 2015;94(3):286-295. doi:10.1159/000362903
American Heart Association.Pumpkin seeds pack a healthy punch.
Adams GG, Imran S, Wang S, et al.The hypoglycemic effect of pumpkin seeds, Trigonelline (TRG), Nicotinic acid (NA), and D-Chiro-inositol (DCI) in controlling glycemic levels in diabetes mellitus.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2014;54(10):1322-1329. doi:10.1080/10408398.2011.635816
Cândido FG, de Oliveira FCE, Lima MFC, et al.Addition of pooled pumpkin seed to mixed meals reduced postprandial glycemia: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.Nutr Res. 2018;56:90-97. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2018.04.015
Barber TM, Kabisch S, Pfeiffer AFH, Weickert MO.The health benefits of dietary fibre.Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3209. doi:10.3390/nu12103209
Fallah A, Mohammad-Hasani A, Colagar AH.Zinc is an essential element for male fertility: A review of Zn roles in men’s health, germination, sperm quality, and fertilization.J Reprod Infertil. 2018;19(2):69-81.
Sejbuk M, Mirończuk-Chodakowska I, Witkowska AM.Sleep quality: A narrative review on nutrition, stimulants, and physical activity as important factors.Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1912. doi:10.3390/nu14091912
Rondanelli M, Faliva MA, Tartara A, et al.An update on magnesium and bone health.Biometals. 2021;34(4):715-736. doi:10.1007/s10534-021-00305-0
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.Magnesium.
Hussain A, Kausar T, Sehar S, et al.A review on biochemical constituents of pumpkin and their role as pharma foods; a key strategy to improve health in post COVID 19 period.Food Production, Processing and Nutrition. 2023;5(1):22. doi:10.1186/s43014-023-00138-z
University of Texas at El Paso.Pumpkin seeds.
Dotto, J. M., & Chacha, J. S.The potential of pumpkin seeds as a functional food ingredient: A review.Scientific African, 2020;10(e00575). doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00575
U.S. Department of Agriculture.Pumpkin seeds, unsalted.
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