Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsFoods For Good Eye HealthImportant NutrientsHow Much to EatFood vs. SupplementsOther Eye Health TipsWarning Signs
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Foods For Good Eye Health
Important Nutrients
How Much to Eat
Food vs. Supplements
Other Eye Health Tips
Warning Signs
Keeping your diet full of nutritious foods is good for your overall health and also supports your eye health. Research links eye-friendly nutrients like vitamin C and zinc to a reduced risk of developing age-related eye conditions.
Getting enough vitamins and minerals through foods like fish, eggs, carrots, citrus fruits, and more may also help keep your eyesight from declining.
FluxFactory / Getty Images
1. Fish
Fish like salmon and tunacontain theessential nutrientsomega-3 fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can benefit eye health.
Studies show that diets rich in omega-3s are linked to a lower risk ofage-related macular degeneration(or central vision loss) and slower cataract development.
2. Nuts and Seeds
Nuts and seeds containvitamin E, a fat-soluble vitamin that protects the eyes' cellular health. Walnuts, almonds, pecans, and sunflower seeds can help decreaseoxidative damageto the eyes, which may lower the risk of developing certain eye conditions, likecataractsandage-related macular degeneration(AMD).
Pistachioscontain a rich supply of the carotenoidsluteinandzeaxanthin(antioxidants), which protect the eyes from various types of damage and support improved vision.
3. Beans and Legumes
4. Citrus Fruits
5. Leafy Green Vegetables
Leafy greenvegetables likespinach,kale, or collard greens contain lutein, zeaxanthin, vitamins A, C, and K, and antioxidants, supporting eye health.Specifically, getting enough of your leafy greens can help protectthe macula, the part of the eye that provides detailed central vision.
6. Carrots
Studies show that foods rich inbeta-carotene, likecarrots, are good sources ofvitamin A, which can help enhance night vision and the ability to see better in lower or dim lighting.
7. Sweet Potatoes
Sweet potatoesare another good source of beta-carotene andvitamin A.They contain more vitamin A than carrots and provide more than 200% of the daily recommended intake of the vitamin. This supports the retina’s ability to translate light rays into vision and keeps eyes moist enough to prevent dry eyes.
8. Eggs
Egg yolkscontain eye-healthy lutein and zeaxanthin, decreasing the progression ofeye diseaseslike AMD.At least one study found that consuming anywhere between two and four eggs per week resulted in a 62% reduced risk of developing AMD, compared to consuming just one egg a week or less.
9. Raw Bell Peppers
10. Squash
The vitamins A and C in squash help protect the eyes and reduce night blindness. It may also prevent or at least slow the progression of conditions like cataracts and AMD.
11. Broccoli and Brussels Sprouts
Some studies have suggested that the highest intake of the carotenoid beta-carotene in broccoli is connected to a 10% reduced risk of developing cataracts.
12. Water
While you may think of water as a beverage, experts technically consider it a food.Because the eyes are comprised of mostly water,staying hydratedcan impact eye health.
Dehydrationcan lead todry eyes, irritation, temporarily blurred vision, eye floaters, and more.If dry eye symptoms are not appropriately treated, dry eye can potentially lead to vision changes, which is another reason to keep hydrated throughout the day.
What Nutrients Are Good for the Eyes?
A variety of nutrients help supporteye health. Experts identified that vitamin A is vital for maintaining vision and eye function.Omega-3 fatty acidshelp prevent damage that may lead tovision lossor eye disease. And theantioxidantvitamin C can help protect the eyes from environmental or habit-related damage.
How Much of These Foods Should You Eat?
It’s essential to get enough vitamins and minerals to protect your eyes. The daily values of eye health nutrients that experts generally recommend most adults consume include:
Examples of how to incorporate eye-healthy foods include:
Eye-Healthy Nutrients From Food vs. Vitamins and Supplements
If you cannot get enough of the recommended nutrients from your diet, an eye healthcare provider may recommendutilizing supplements for improved eye health. People with intermediate AMD in one or both eyes may be prescribed antioxidant supplements, which include vitamins C, E, and zinc.
People with a history of smoking may want to look for an eye health supplement that does not contain beta-carotene, which in some studies was found to increase the risk of developing lung cancer. Check with a healthcare provider before trying an eye-health antioxidant supplement.
Other Tips for Eye Health
Some steps that experts recommend to keep your eyes as healthy as possible are:
Eye Health Warning Signs
Eye and vision issues are common and can go unnoticed for quite some time. Certain eye conditions, such as cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration, can lead to vision loss or blindness if not treated early. This is why seeing a healthcare provider for acomprehensive eye examis essential.
If you notice any of the following symptoms, check with a healthcare provider:
Summary
Several nutrients are important for eye health, including vitamins C, E, A, zinc, and carotenoids. Research suggests these essential nutrients may help protect against age-related eye diseases and vision loss.
36 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.American Optometric Association.Diet and nutrition.Agrón E, Mares J, Clemons TE, et al.Dietary nutrient intake and progression to late age-related macular degeneration in the age-related eye disease studies 1 and 2.Ophthalmology. 2021;128(3):425-442. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.018Mun JG, Legette LL, Ikonte CJ, Mitmesser SH.Choline and DHA in maternal and infant nutrition: synergistic implications in brain and eye health.Nutrients. 2019;11(5):E1125. doi:10.3390/nu11051125AMAWu J, Cho E, Giovannucci EL, et al.Dietary intakes of eicosapentaenoic dcid and docosahexaenoic acid and risk of age-related macular degeneration.Ophthalmology. 2017;124(5):634-643. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.12.033Falkowska M, Młynarczyk M, Micun Z, et al.Influence of diet, dietary products and vitamins on age-related cataract incidence.Nutrients. 2023;15(21):4585. doi:10.3390/nu15214585National Institutes of Health.Vitamin E fact sheet for health professionals.Buscemi S, Corleo D, Di Pace F, et al.The effect of lutein on eye and extra-eye health.Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1321. doi:10.3390/nu10091321Dreher ML.Pistachio nuts: composition and potential health benefits.Nutr Rev. 2012;70(4):234-240. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00467.xNational Eye Institute.AREDS/AREDS2 frequently asked questions.American Academy of Ophthalmology.36 fabulous foods to boost eye health.Evans JR, Lawrenson JG.Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;9(9):CD000254. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000254.pub5Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.How to get your kids to eat dark leafy greens.Miyazono S, Isayama T, Delori FC, et al.Vitamin A activates rhodopsin and sensitizes it to ultraviolet light.Vis Neurosci. 2011 Nov;28(6):485-97. doi:10.1017/S0952523811000423National Institute of Health Office of Dietary Supplements.Vitamin A and carotenoids.Khalighi Sikaroudi M, Saraf-Bank S, Clayton ZS, Soltani S.A positive effect of egg consumption on macular pigment and healthy vision.J Sci Food Agric. 2021;101(10):4003-4009. doi:10.1002/jsfa.11109Gopinath B et al.Consumption of eggs and the 15-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration.Clin Nutr. 2020;39(2):580-584. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.009Falkowska M, Młynarczyk M, Micun Z, Konopińska J, Socha K.Influence of diet, dietary products and vitamins on age-related cataract incidence: a systematic review.Nutrients. 2023;15(21):4585. doi:10.3390/nu15214585Agrón E, Mares J, Clemons TE, et al.Dietary nutrient intake and progression to late age-related macular degeneration in the age-related eye disease studies 1 and 2.Ophthalmology. 2021;128(3):425-442. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.018American Optometric Association.Pumpkin picking for eye health.Syed RU, Moni SS, Break MKB, et al.Broccoli: A multi-faceted vegetable for health: An in-depth review of its nutritional attributes, antimicrobial abilities, and anti-inflammatory properties.Antibiotics (Basel). 2023;12(7):1157. doi:10.3390/antibiotics12071157Jiang H, Fan Y, Li J, et al.The associations of plasma carotenoids and vitamins with risk of age-related macular degeneration: results from a matched case-control study in china and meta-analysis.Front Nutr. 2022;9:745390. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.745390Jiang H, Yin Y, Wu CR, et al.Dietary vitamin and carotenoid intake and risk of age-related cataract.Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(1):43-54. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy270U.S. Food and Drug Administration.CPG Sec 555.875 water in food products (ingredient or adulterant).Akkara JD, Kuriakose A.Commentary: Water, water everywhere; alters eye when you drink.Indian J Ophthalmol. 2022 Apr;70(4):1230-1231. doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_3041_21Messmer EM.The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of dry eye disease.Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015;112(5):71-82. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0071Sherwin JC, Kokavec J, Thornton SN.Hydration, fluid regulation and the eye: in health and disease.Clin Exp Ophthalmol.2015;43(8):749-764. doi:10.1111/ceo.12546American Academy of Ophthalmology.Food and nutrition.U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Daily value on the nutrition and supplement facts labels.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Carrots, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Broccoli, raw.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Peppers, sweet, red, raw.U.S. Department of Agriculture: FoodData Central.Almonds, raw.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Seeds, hemp seed, hulled.American Academy of Ophthalmology.Diet and nutrition.MedlinePlus.Eye care.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Why eye exams are important.
36 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.American Optometric Association.Diet and nutrition.Agrón E, Mares J, Clemons TE, et al.Dietary nutrient intake and progression to late age-related macular degeneration in the age-related eye disease studies 1 and 2.Ophthalmology. 2021;128(3):425-442. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.018Mun JG, Legette LL, Ikonte CJ, Mitmesser SH.Choline and DHA in maternal and infant nutrition: synergistic implications in brain and eye health.Nutrients. 2019;11(5):E1125. doi:10.3390/nu11051125AMAWu J, Cho E, Giovannucci EL, et al.Dietary intakes of eicosapentaenoic dcid and docosahexaenoic acid and risk of age-related macular degeneration.Ophthalmology. 2017;124(5):634-643. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.12.033Falkowska M, Młynarczyk M, Micun Z, et al.Influence of diet, dietary products and vitamins on age-related cataract incidence.Nutrients. 2023;15(21):4585. doi:10.3390/nu15214585National Institutes of Health.Vitamin E fact sheet for health professionals.Buscemi S, Corleo D, Di Pace F, et al.The effect of lutein on eye and extra-eye health.Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1321. doi:10.3390/nu10091321Dreher ML.Pistachio nuts: composition and potential health benefits.Nutr Rev. 2012;70(4):234-240. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00467.xNational Eye Institute.AREDS/AREDS2 frequently asked questions.American Academy of Ophthalmology.36 fabulous foods to boost eye health.Evans JR, Lawrenson JG.Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;9(9):CD000254. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000254.pub5Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.How to get your kids to eat dark leafy greens.Miyazono S, Isayama T, Delori FC, et al.Vitamin A activates rhodopsin and sensitizes it to ultraviolet light.Vis Neurosci. 2011 Nov;28(6):485-97. doi:10.1017/S0952523811000423National Institute of Health Office of Dietary Supplements.Vitamin A and carotenoids.Khalighi Sikaroudi M, Saraf-Bank S, Clayton ZS, Soltani S.A positive effect of egg consumption on macular pigment and healthy vision.J Sci Food Agric. 2021;101(10):4003-4009. doi:10.1002/jsfa.11109Gopinath B et al.Consumption of eggs and the 15-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration.Clin Nutr. 2020;39(2):580-584. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.009Falkowska M, Młynarczyk M, Micun Z, Konopińska J, Socha K.Influence of diet, dietary products and vitamins on age-related cataract incidence: a systematic review.Nutrients. 2023;15(21):4585. doi:10.3390/nu15214585Agrón E, Mares J, Clemons TE, et al.Dietary nutrient intake and progression to late age-related macular degeneration in the age-related eye disease studies 1 and 2.Ophthalmology. 2021;128(3):425-442. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.018American Optometric Association.Pumpkin picking for eye health.Syed RU, Moni SS, Break MKB, et al.Broccoli: A multi-faceted vegetable for health: An in-depth review of its nutritional attributes, antimicrobial abilities, and anti-inflammatory properties.Antibiotics (Basel). 2023;12(7):1157. doi:10.3390/antibiotics12071157Jiang H, Fan Y, Li J, et al.The associations of plasma carotenoids and vitamins with risk of age-related macular degeneration: results from a matched case-control study in china and meta-analysis.Front Nutr. 2022;9:745390. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.745390Jiang H, Yin Y, Wu CR, et al.Dietary vitamin and carotenoid intake and risk of age-related cataract.Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(1):43-54. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy270U.S. Food and Drug Administration.CPG Sec 555.875 water in food products (ingredient or adulterant).Akkara JD, Kuriakose A.Commentary: Water, water everywhere; alters eye when you drink.Indian J Ophthalmol. 2022 Apr;70(4):1230-1231. doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_3041_21Messmer EM.The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of dry eye disease.Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015;112(5):71-82. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0071Sherwin JC, Kokavec J, Thornton SN.Hydration, fluid regulation and the eye: in health and disease.Clin Exp Ophthalmol.2015;43(8):749-764. doi:10.1111/ceo.12546American Academy of Ophthalmology.Food and nutrition.U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Daily value on the nutrition and supplement facts labels.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Carrots, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Broccoli, raw.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Peppers, sweet, red, raw.U.S. Department of Agriculture: FoodData Central.Almonds, raw.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Seeds, hemp seed, hulled.American Academy of Ophthalmology.Diet and nutrition.MedlinePlus.Eye care.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Why eye exams are important.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
American Optometric Association.Diet and nutrition.Agrón E, Mares J, Clemons TE, et al.Dietary nutrient intake and progression to late age-related macular degeneration in the age-related eye disease studies 1 and 2.Ophthalmology. 2021;128(3):425-442. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.018Mun JG, Legette LL, Ikonte CJ, Mitmesser SH.Choline and DHA in maternal and infant nutrition: synergistic implications in brain and eye health.Nutrients. 2019;11(5):E1125. doi:10.3390/nu11051125AMAWu J, Cho E, Giovannucci EL, et al.Dietary intakes of eicosapentaenoic dcid and docosahexaenoic acid and risk of age-related macular degeneration.Ophthalmology. 2017;124(5):634-643. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.12.033Falkowska M, Młynarczyk M, Micun Z, et al.Influence of diet, dietary products and vitamins on age-related cataract incidence.Nutrients. 2023;15(21):4585. doi:10.3390/nu15214585National Institutes of Health.Vitamin E fact sheet for health professionals.Buscemi S, Corleo D, Di Pace F, et al.The effect of lutein on eye and extra-eye health.Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1321. doi:10.3390/nu10091321Dreher ML.Pistachio nuts: composition and potential health benefits.Nutr Rev. 2012;70(4):234-240. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00467.xNational Eye Institute.AREDS/AREDS2 frequently asked questions.American Academy of Ophthalmology.36 fabulous foods to boost eye health.Evans JR, Lawrenson JG.Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;9(9):CD000254. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000254.pub5Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.How to get your kids to eat dark leafy greens.Miyazono S, Isayama T, Delori FC, et al.Vitamin A activates rhodopsin and sensitizes it to ultraviolet light.Vis Neurosci. 2011 Nov;28(6):485-97. doi:10.1017/S0952523811000423National Institute of Health Office of Dietary Supplements.Vitamin A and carotenoids.Khalighi Sikaroudi M, Saraf-Bank S, Clayton ZS, Soltani S.A positive effect of egg consumption on macular pigment and healthy vision.J Sci Food Agric. 2021;101(10):4003-4009. doi:10.1002/jsfa.11109Gopinath B et al.Consumption of eggs and the 15-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration.Clin Nutr. 2020;39(2):580-584. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.009Falkowska M, Młynarczyk M, Micun Z, Konopińska J, Socha K.Influence of diet, dietary products and vitamins on age-related cataract incidence: a systematic review.Nutrients. 2023;15(21):4585. doi:10.3390/nu15214585Agrón E, Mares J, Clemons TE, et al.Dietary nutrient intake and progression to late age-related macular degeneration in the age-related eye disease studies 1 and 2.Ophthalmology. 2021;128(3):425-442. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.018American Optometric Association.Pumpkin picking for eye health.Syed RU, Moni SS, Break MKB, et al.Broccoli: A multi-faceted vegetable for health: An in-depth review of its nutritional attributes, antimicrobial abilities, and anti-inflammatory properties.Antibiotics (Basel). 2023;12(7):1157. doi:10.3390/antibiotics12071157Jiang H, Fan Y, Li J, et al.The associations of plasma carotenoids and vitamins with risk of age-related macular degeneration: results from a matched case-control study in china and meta-analysis.Front Nutr. 2022;9:745390. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.745390Jiang H, Yin Y, Wu CR, et al.Dietary vitamin and carotenoid intake and risk of age-related cataract.Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(1):43-54. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy270U.S. Food and Drug Administration.CPG Sec 555.875 water in food products (ingredient or adulterant).Akkara JD, Kuriakose A.Commentary: Water, water everywhere; alters eye when you drink.Indian J Ophthalmol. 2022 Apr;70(4):1230-1231. doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_3041_21Messmer EM.The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of dry eye disease.Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015;112(5):71-82. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0071Sherwin JC, Kokavec J, Thornton SN.Hydration, fluid regulation and the eye: in health and disease.Clin Exp Ophthalmol.2015;43(8):749-764. doi:10.1111/ceo.12546American Academy of Ophthalmology.Food and nutrition.U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Daily value on the nutrition and supplement facts labels.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Carrots, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Broccoli, raw.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Peppers, sweet, red, raw.U.S. Department of Agriculture: FoodData Central.Almonds, raw.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Seeds, hemp seed, hulled.American Academy of Ophthalmology.Diet and nutrition.MedlinePlus.Eye care.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Why eye exams are important.
American Optometric Association.Diet and nutrition.
Agrón E, Mares J, Clemons TE, et al.Dietary nutrient intake and progression to late age-related macular degeneration in the age-related eye disease studies 1 and 2.Ophthalmology. 2021;128(3):425-442. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.018
Mun JG, Legette LL, Ikonte CJ, Mitmesser SH.Choline and DHA in maternal and infant nutrition: synergistic implications in brain and eye health.Nutrients. 2019;11(5):E1125. doi:10.3390/nu11051125
AMAWu J, Cho E, Giovannucci EL, et al.Dietary intakes of eicosapentaenoic dcid and docosahexaenoic acid and risk of age-related macular degeneration.Ophthalmology. 2017;124(5):634-643. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.12.033
Falkowska M, Młynarczyk M, Micun Z, et al.Influence of diet, dietary products and vitamins on age-related cataract incidence.Nutrients. 2023;15(21):4585. doi:10.3390/nu15214585
National Institutes of Health.Vitamin E fact sheet for health professionals.
Buscemi S, Corleo D, Di Pace F, et al.The effect of lutein on eye and extra-eye health.Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1321. doi:10.3390/nu10091321
Dreher ML.Pistachio nuts: composition and potential health benefits.Nutr Rev. 2012;70(4):234-240. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00467.x
National Eye Institute.AREDS/AREDS2 frequently asked questions.
American Academy of Ophthalmology.36 fabulous foods to boost eye health.
Evans JR, Lawrenson JG.Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;9(9):CD000254. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000254.pub5
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.How to get your kids to eat dark leafy greens.
Miyazono S, Isayama T, Delori FC, et al.Vitamin A activates rhodopsin and sensitizes it to ultraviolet light.Vis Neurosci. 2011 Nov;28(6):485-97. doi:10.1017/S0952523811000423
National Institute of Health Office of Dietary Supplements.Vitamin A and carotenoids.
Khalighi Sikaroudi M, Saraf-Bank S, Clayton ZS, Soltani S.A positive effect of egg consumption on macular pigment and healthy vision.J Sci Food Agric. 2021;101(10):4003-4009. doi:10.1002/jsfa.11109
Gopinath B et al.Consumption of eggs and the 15-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration.Clin Nutr. 2020;39(2):580-584. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.009
Falkowska M, Młynarczyk M, Micun Z, Konopińska J, Socha K.Influence of diet, dietary products and vitamins on age-related cataract incidence: a systematic review.Nutrients. 2023;15(21):4585. doi:10.3390/nu15214585
American Optometric Association.Pumpkin picking for eye health.
Syed RU, Moni SS, Break MKB, et al.Broccoli: A multi-faceted vegetable for health: An in-depth review of its nutritional attributes, antimicrobial abilities, and anti-inflammatory properties.Antibiotics (Basel). 2023;12(7):1157. doi:10.3390/antibiotics12071157
Jiang H, Fan Y, Li J, et al.The associations of plasma carotenoids and vitamins with risk of age-related macular degeneration: results from a matched case-control study in china and meta-analysis.Front Nutr. 2022;9:745390. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.745390
Jiang H, Yin Y, Wu CR, et al.Dietary vitamin and carotenoid intake and risk of age-related cataract.Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(1):43-54. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy270
U.S. Food and Drug Administration.CPG Sec 555.875 water in food products (ingredient or adulterant).
Akkara JD, Kuriakose A.Commentary: Water, water everywhere; alters eye when you drink.Indian J Ophthalmol. 2022 Apr;70(4):1230-1231. doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_3041_21
Messmer EM.The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of dry eye disease.Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015;112(5):71-82. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0071
Sherwin JC, Kokavec J, Thornton SN.Hydration, fluid regulation and the eye: in health and disease.Clin Exp Ophthalmol.2015;43(8):749-764. doi:10.1111/ceo.12546
American Academy of Ophthalmology.Food and nutrition.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Daily value on the nutrition and supplement facts labels.
U.S. Department of Agriculture.Carrots, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt.
U.S. Department of Agriculture.Broccoli, raw.
U.S. Department of Agriculture.Peppers, sweet, red, raw.
U.S. Department of Agriculture: FoodData Central.Almonds, raw.
U.S. Department of Agriculture.Seeds, hemp seed, hulled.
American Academy of Ophthalmology.Diet and nutrition.
MedlinePlus.Eye care.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Why eye exams are important.
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