Arashis an area of irritated or swollen skin. Rashes on skin may be red, itchy, or painful and can involve blisters, bumps, or raw skin.
Rashes can be a response to an allergen, irritant, infection, or systemic disease. They range from minor tissue swelling to an outbreak of painful sores.
Some rashes on skin affect a small area while others are widespread. They’re sometimes tough to tell apart—even for a trained eye.
Broadly speaking, rashes on skin can be classified as either infectious or non-infectious. Manytypesand possible causes exist.
This article will help you learn to identify 13 common rashes, including impetigo, athlete’s foot, psoriasis, shingles, and more.
Treating COVID Rash in Kids
Impetigo
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoSCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Getty Images
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See Photo
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.
SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Getty Images
Impetigo is most common on the face or limbs. Its distinctive features are:
Bacteria typically enter your body through a cut, scrape, burn, or insect bite.
Children often get impetigo after a cold. Using tissues makes the skin around their noses raw. And that gives the bacteria easy access.
The honey-colored crust is usually a tell-tale sign of impetigo. Still, your healthcare provider may order a bacterial culture to confirm the diagnosis.
When impetigo involves largeblisters(known as bullae), it’s called bullous impetigo. It’s a less common form. Young children are most likely to have it.
Impetigo may cause minor itchiness. But it’s generally not painful. That sets it apart from shingles and other types of eruptive lesions.
Impetigo is typically treated with antibiotics.
9 Infections That Cause a Bacterial Skin Rash
Athlete’s Foot (Tinea Pedis)This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See Photoussaquarius / Getty ImagesAthlete’s foot(tinea pedis)is a common fungal infection. Symptoms include:A red rash between the toes or on the soles of the feetFlaking or broken skinDiscomfort ranging from mild itchiness to painful blistersAthlete’s foot between the toes is calledinterdigitaltinea pedis. When it’s mainly on the soles, it’s moccasin-type tinea pedis. Blister-like outbreaks are acute vesicular tinea pedis. (Vesiclemeansblister.)Athlete’s foot spreads easily in moist, unhygienic environments. That can include spas and locker room floors. It’s treated withtopical antifungals.Healthcare providers often diagnose athlete’s foot on appearance alone. However, other conditions, likeplaque psoriasis, can cause similar symptoms, so if your rash doesn’t respond to antifungals, you may be tested for other causes.The Best Athlete’s Foot Treatments
Athlete’s Foot (Tinea Pedis)
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See Photoussaquarius / Getty Images
ussaquarius / Getty Images
Athlete’s foot(tinea pedis)is a common fungal infection. Symptoms include:
Athlete’s foot between the toes is calledinterdigitaltinea pedis. When it’s mainly on the soles, it’s moccasin-type tinea pedis. Blister-like outbreaks are acute vesicular tinea pedis. (Vesiclemeansblister.)
Athlete’s foot spreads easily in moist, unhygienic environments. That can include spas and locker room floors. It’s treated withtopical antifungals.
Healthcare providers often diagnose athlete’s foot on appearance alone. However, other conditions, likeplaque psoriasis, can cause similar symptoms, so if your rash doesn’t respond to antifungals, you may be tested for other causes.
The Best Athlete’s Foot Treatments
Psoriasis
DR P. MARAZZI/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Getty Images
Psoriasisis anautoimmuneskin disorder. It’s chronic and inflammatory. Triggers may include:
About 2% of the global population has psoriasis.
In autoimmune disorders, your immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. This triggers inflammation.
In psoriasis, the skin cells are attacked. New ones are produced faster than the old ones can be shed. That leads to a buildup of cells—the psoriasis rash.
Plaque psoriasis is the most common form of psoriasis. Symptoms include:
Plaque psoriasis is most common on the elbows, knees, and scalp.
Other types of psoriasis are:
No blood tests can diagnose psoriasis. Your healthcare provider may rule out similar skin conditions such as:
Psoriasis sometimes goes away without treatment. It can recur suddenly, as well.
Shingles
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoReproduced with permission from ©DermNet NZdermnetnz.org2022.
Reproduced with permission from ©DermNet NZdermnetnz.org2022.
Most people have a 30% chance of developing shingles at some point during their lifetime. High-risk groups include people with compromised immune systems.
Shingles typically strikes later in life. Symptoms often come in two phases:
Shingles is contagious during the blistering phase.
The pain of shingles ranges from prickly, persistent discomfort to deep, excruciating pain.
Shingles sometimes causes long-term nerve pain. This is calledpostherpetic neuralgia. Older adults and those whose shingles is untreated are at higher risk.
See a healthcare provider as soon as you recognize the rash with fluid-filled blisters. Early treatmentwithantiviral drugssuch as Zovirax (acyclovir) can shorten the outbreak. It also keeps it from spreading to vulnerable parts, like your eyes.
A highly effectiveshingles vaccineknown as Shingrix (recombinant zoster vaccine) is available. Vaccination is recommended for all adults 50 and older.
The Early Signs of Shingles
Ringworm (Tinea Corporis)This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoReproduced with permission from ©DermNet NZ and ©Raimo Suhonendermnetnz.org2022.Ringworm (tinea corporis)is a common fungal infection that, despite its name, is in no way related to worms.Symptoms of ringwormmay include:Round rashwith raised, red edgesFlaking and peelingItchinessSkin crackingHair loss in the affected areaRingworm is not inherently painful. It can appear anywhere on the body but is mostly seen on the trunk, arms, and legs.Tinea capitis is a related fungal infection that involves the scalp.Ringworm is highly contagious and easily spread through skin-to-skin contact with a lesion. It can also be passed through contaminated surfaces or everyday objects such as clothing, towels, and bedding.Ringworm is typically diagnosed based on its appearance.It is important to note that other rashes can also present with ring-shaped lesions, including pityriasis rosea andgranuloma annulareor those associated withsarcoidosisandlupus.Once diagnosed, ringworm can be effectively treated with oral or topical antifungal medications.
Ringworm (Tinea Corporis)
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Reproduced with permission from ©DermNet NZ and ©Raimo Suhonendermnetnz.org2022.
Ringworm (tinea corporis)is a common fungal infection that, despite its name, is in no way related to worms.Symptoms of ringwormmay include:
Ringworm is not inherently painful. It can appear anywhere on the body but is mostly seen on the trunk, arms, and legs.
Tinea capitis is a related fungal infection that involves the scalp.
Ringworm is highly contagious and easily spread through skin-to-skin contact with a lesion. It can also be passed through contaminated surfaces or everyday objects such as clothing, towels, and bedding.
Ringworm is typically diagnosed based on its appearance.
It is important to note that other rashes can also present with ring-shaped lesions, including pityriasis rosea andgranuloma annulareor those associated withsarcoidosisandlupus.
Once diagnosed, ringworm can be effectively treated with oral or topical antifungal medications.
Scabies
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoDR P. MARAZZI/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Getty Images
Symptoms of scabiesinclude:
Scabies most often develops on the wrists, elbow, buttocks, waist, armpits, genitalia, and between the fingers.
Scabies can mimic other skin conditions, such as folliculitis. To make a definitive diagnosis, a doctor will need to scrape the affected skin and examine it under a microscope for evidence of infestation.
The treatment of scabies involves the use of 5% permethrin cream or lotion, often in tandem with oral antihistamines or topical steroids to treat the rash.
EczemaAniao Studio / Getty ImagesEczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is an inflammatory skin condition that can affect people of all ages but occurs more frequently in children.The most common symptoms of eczema are:A red, itchy rashDry, rough, or scaly skinSmall, fluid-filled blistersCracked or broken areas of skinOozing, weeping, or crustingAlthough the exact cause of eczema is unknown, it’s believed to be the result of genetic and environmental factors. Doctors can diagnose eczema based on its physical appearance and whether the symptoms meet specific diagnostic criteria.The diagnosis of eczema typically requires the exclusion of all other possible causes. Other tests, such as apatch test, may be ordered to rule out skin conditions likecontact dermatitis.There is no cure for eczema, but there are treatments that can help manage it. Mild eczema can often be controlled with emollient-rich moisturizers and over-the-counterhydrocortisone creams. Moderate to severe cases may require prescription drugs.Eczema can be difficult to manage, so many patients find the need to try different treatment options or even change their treatment regimen over time.Hand Rash: 12 Possible Causes and Treatment Options
Eczema
Aniao Studio / Getty Images
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is an inflammatory skin condition that can affect people of all ages but occurs more frequently in children.
The most common symptoms of eczema are:
Although the exact cause of eczema is unknown, it’s believed to be the result of genetic and environmental factors. Doctors can diagnose eczema based on its physical appearance and whether the symptoms meet specific diagnostic criteria.
The diagnosis of eczema typically requires the exclusion of all other possible causes. Other tests, such as apatch test, may be ordered to rule out skin conditions likecontact dermatitis.
There is no cure for eczema, but there are treatments that can help manage it. Mild eczema can often be controlled with emollient-rich moisturizers and over-the-counterhydrocortisone creams. Moderate to severe cases may require prescription drugs.
Eczema can be difficult to manage, so many patients find the need to try different treatment options or even change their treatment regimen over time.
Hand Rash: 12 Possible Causes and Treatment Options
Hives (Urticaria)This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoDR P. MARAZZI/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Getty ImagesThere are times when an allergy or infection will cause the immune system to release a substance calledhistamineinto the bloodstream. When this happens, tiny blood vessels in the skin expand and leak fluid into the outermost layer, called the epidermis. This results in raised, red bumps or welts, a skin condition recognized as hives (urticaria).Hives are transient. They typically last for less than 24 hours and often go away within minutes or hours, but may appear in new areas as well.Hives may:Look spongy or like bug bitesAppear as red, raised areas of inflammation with no distinct borderWhiten (blanch) when you press themAffect large areas of skinBe intensely itchyAngioedema, may also be present. It is a closely related condition in which swelling occurs in deeper tissue layers (typically around the eyes, lips, and face).Hives can also develop in response to hot or cold temperatures, excessive perspiration, and stress. While hives will usually go away on their own, antihistamines may be used to relieve itching and inflammation.Overview of Hives
Hives (Urticaria)
There are times when an allergy or infection will cause the immune system to release a substance calledhistamineinto the bloodstream. When this happens, tiny blood vessels in the skin expand and leak fluid into the outermost layer, called the epidermis. This results in raised, red bumps or welts, a skin condition recognized as hives (urticaria).
Hives are transient. They typically last for less than 24 hours and often go away within minutes or hours, but may appear in new areas as well.
Hives may:
Angioedema, may also be present. It is a closely related condition in which swelling occurs in deeper tissue layers (typically around the eyes, lips, and face).
Hives can also develop in response to hot or cold temperatures, excessive perspiration, and stress. While hives will usually go away on their own, antihistamines may be used to relieve itching and inflammation.
Overview of Hives
Pityriasis Rosea
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Reproduced with permission from © DermNetdermnetnz.org2023.
A pityriasis rosea rash is typically red, scaly, and sometimes itchy. It often has a ring-like appearance similar to ringworm in the early stages. Those affected often feel unwell for a day or two prior to the onset of skin symptoms.
Pityriasis is also commonly seen on the upper arms and upper legs but rarely on the face (except in children). Pityriasis can progress over the course of days or weeks.
While treatment is typically not indicated for pityriasis rosea, a topical steroid or antihistamine may be used if the rash is especially itchy.
Herpes Simplex
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoCherriesJD / Getty Images
CherriesJD / Getty Images
A herpes outbreak can be painful and sometimes severe. Fever and swollen lymph nodes may accompany or precede the onset of skin symptoms.
Herpes can be transmitted through contact with a sore or bodily fluids from an infected individual. Transmission can even occur when there are no visible lesions.
Herpes simplex can be differentiated from herpes zoster based on the area the lesions appear on the body.Primary syphilisandchancroidcan also be distinguished from HSV, as they usually only cause single sores. If there is any doubt as to the cause of the sore, a simple test calledpolymerase chain reaction (PCR)can be used to confirm the presence of viral DNA.
Herpes simplex can be treated with antiviral drugs such as Zovirax (acyclovir) or Valtrex (valacyclovir). There are currently no vaccines that protect against herpes simplex.
Contact DermatitisThis photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoReproduced with permission from © DermNet and © Raimo Suhonen dermnetnz.org 2023.Contact dermatitisis a rash that develops when you come in contact with something that irritates your skin or causes an allergic reaction.Common irritants include acids, alkaline materials (such as soaps and detergents), solvents, or other chemicals. They can cause a reaction just after a short period of contact.However, it can take 24 to 48 hours after exposure for an allergic reaction to occur. Common allergens include:FragrancesNickel or other metalsRubber or latexPoison ivy or poison oakContact dermatitis only occurs on areas of skin that have touched an irritant or allergen. Symptoms of this rash include:Red bumpsItchinessSmall, fluid-filled blistersOozing, weeping, or crustingScaly, raw, or thickened skinThis type of rash is self-limiting and usually goes away on its own once the triggering substance is removed and/or avoided. Topical steroids may be used for symptom relief. Severe cases may require additional treatment.
Contact Dermatitis
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoReproduced with permission from © DermNet and © Raimo Suhonen dermnetnz.org 2023.
Reproduced with permission from © DermNet and © Raimo Suhonen dermnetnz.org 2023.
Contact dermatitisis a rash that develops when you come in contact with something that irritates your skin or causes an allergic reaction.
Common irritants include acids, alkaline materials (such as soaps and detergents), solvents, or other chemicals. They can cause a reaction just after a short period of contact.
However, it can take 24 to 48 hours after exposure for an allergic reaction to occur. Common allergens include:
Contact dermatitis only occurs on areas of skin that have touched an irritant or allergen. Symptoms of this rash include:
This type of rash is self-limiting and usually goes away on its own once the triggering substance is removed and/or avoided. Topical steroids may be used for symptom relief. Severe cases may require additional treatment.
Rosacea
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoReproduced with permission from © DermNet New Zealand and © Dr. Mashihul Hossainwww.dermnetnz.org2023.
Reproduced with permission from © DermNet New Zealand and © Dr. Mashihul Hossainwww.dermnetnz.org2023.
Symptoms of rosacea may include:
There is no cure for rosacea. Managing this skin condition typically involves avoiding triggers that worsen symptoms and adopting a special skincare routine.
Measles
Measles typically resolves on its own within one week after the onset of rash. In some cases, serious complications can occur. That said, this illness can be especially dangerous for babies and young children.
There is no specific treatment for measles. However, theMMR vaccinecan help prevent it.
When to Call Your Healthcare Provider
While most skin rashes are not life-threatening, a rash can sometimes mean something more serious is happening in your body.
If you have a rash and notice any of the following symptoms, you should contact your healthcare provider for an evaluation:
In some cases, a rash can be a sign of a life-threatening condition. Should you notice any of the following, call 911 or go to the emergency room:
How Long Should You Have a Rash Before Going to the Doctor?If your rash is recurring or does not go away within a week of it developing, schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider. You may need a stronger treatment for your rash, or you may have an underlying condition that needs to be diagnosed.
How Long Should You Have a Rash Before Going to the Doctor?
If your rash is recurring or does not go away within a week of it developing, schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider. You may need a stronger treatment for your rash, or you may have an underlying condition that needs to be diagnosed.
Summary
If you develop a rash and don’t know what it’s from, get medical attention. The rash itself may not be harmful. But it could be a symptom of a condition that needs to be treated.
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Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Rashes.Hartman-Adams H, Banvard C, Juckett G.Impetigo: diagnosis and treatment.Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(4):229-235.National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Impetigo.Rasner CJ, Kullberg SA, Pearson DR, Boull CL.Diagnosis and management of plantar dermatoses.J Am Board Fam Med. 2022;35(2):435-442. doi:10.3122/jabfm.2022.02.200410Rendon A, Schäkel K.Psoriasis pathogenesis and treatment.Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(6):1475. doi:10.3390/ijms20061475Saguil A, Kane S, Mercado M, Lauters R.Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia: prevention and management.Am Fam Physician. 2017;96(10):656-663.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.What everyone should know about shingles vaccines.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Symptoms of ringworm and fungal nail infections.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Ringworm and fungal nail infections.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.What causes ringworm and fungal nail infections.Trayes KP, Savage K, Studdiford JS.Annular lesions: diagnosis and treatment. AmFam Physician. 2018;98(5):283-291.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Treatment of ringworm and fungal nail infections.Gunning K, Kiraly B, Pippitt K.Lice and scabies: treatment update.Am Fam Physician. 2019;99(10):635-642.Vasanwala FF, Ong CY, Aw CWD, How CH.Management of scabies.Singapore Med J. 2019;60(6):281-285. doi:10.11622/smedj.2019058Eichenfield LF, Tom WL, Chamlin SL, et al.Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 1. Diagnosis and assessment of atopic dermatitis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;70(2):338-351. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.10.010National Library of Medicine, MedlinePlus.Hives.Villalon-Gomez JM.Pityriasis rosea: diagnosis and treatment.Am Fam Physician. 2018;97(1):38-44.VanRavenstein K, Edlund BJ.Diagnosis and management of pityriasis rosea.Nurse Pract. 2017;42(1):8-11. doi:10.1097/01.NPR.0000511012.21714.66National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Herpes—oral.National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Genital herpes.MedlinePlus.Contact dermatitis.MedlinePlus.Rosacea.MedlinePlus.Measles.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.About measles.Kang JH.Febrile illness with skin rashes.Infect Chemother. 2015;47(3):155-166. doi:10.3947/ic.2015.47.3.155
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Rashes.Hartman-Adams H, Banvard C, Juckett G.Impetigo: diagnosis and treatment.Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(4):229-235.National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Impetigo.Rasner CJ, Kullberg SA, Pearson DR, Boull CL.Diagnosis and management of plantar dermatoses.J Am Board Fam Med. 2022;35(2):435-442. doi:10.3122/jabfm.2022.02.200410Rendon A, Schäkel K.Psoriasis pathogenesis and treatment.Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(6):1475. doi:10.3390/ijms20061475Saguil A, Kane S, Mercado M, Lauters R.Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia: prevention and management.Am Fam Physician. 2017;96(10):656-663.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.What everyone should know about shingles vaccines.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Symptoms of ringworm and fungal nail infections.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Ringworm and fungal nail infections.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.What causes ringworm and fungal nail infections.Trayes KP, Savage K, Studdiford JS.Annular lesions: diagnosis and treatment. AmFam Physician. 2018;98(5):283-291.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Treatment of ringworm and fungal nail infections.Gunning K, Kiraly B, Pippitt K.Lice and scabies: treatment update.Am Fam Physician. 2019;99(10):635-642.Vasanwala FF, Ong CY, Aw CWD, How CH.Management of scabies.Singapore Med J. 2019;60(6):281-285. doi:10.11622/smedj.2019058Eichenfield LF, Tom WL, Chamlin SL, et al.Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 1. Diagnosis and assessment of atopic dermatitis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;70(2):338-351. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.10.010National Library of Medicine, MedlinePlus.Hives.Villalon-Gomez JM.Pityriasis rosea: diagnosis and treatment.Am Fam Physician. 2018;97(1):38-44.VanRavenstein K, Edlund BJ.Diagnosis and management of pityriasis rosea.Nurse Pract. 2017;42(1):8-11. doi:10.1097/01.NPR.0000511012.21714.66National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Herpes—oral.National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Genital herpes.MedlinePlus.Contact dermatitis.MedlinePlus.Rosacea.MedlinePlus.Measles.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.About measles.Kang JH.Febrile illness with skin rashes.Infect Chemother. 2015;47(3):155-166. doi:10.3947/ic.2015.47.3.155
National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Rashes.
Hartman-Adams H, Banvard C, Juckett G.Impetigo: diagnosis and treatment.Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(4):229-235.
National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Impetigo.
Rasner CJ, Kullberg SA, Pearson DR, Boull CL.Diagnosis and management of plantar dermatoses.J Am Board Fam Med. 2022;35(2):435-442. doi:10.3122/jabfm.2022.02.200410
Rendon A, Schäkel K.Psoriasis pathogenesis and treatment.Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(6):1475. doi:10.3390/ijms20061475
Saguil A, Kane S, Mercado M, Lauters R.Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia: prevention and management.Am Fam Physician. 2017;96(10):656-663.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.What everyone should know about shingles vaccines.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Symptoms of ringworm and fungal nail infections.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Ringworm and fungal nail infections.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.What causes ringworm and fungal nail infections.
Trayes KP, Savage K, Studdiford JS.Annular lesions: diagnosis and treatment. AmFam Physician. 2018;98(5):283-291.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Treatment of ringworm and fungal nail infections.
Gunning K, Kiraly B, Pippitt K.Lice and scabies: treatment update.Am Fam Physician. 2019;99(10):635-642.
Vasanwala FF, Ong CY, Aw CWD, How CH.Management of scabies.Singapore Med J. 2019;60(6):281-285. doi:10.11622/smedj.2019058
Eichenfield LF, Tom WL, Chamlin SL, et al.Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 1. Diagnosis and assessment of atopic dermatitis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;70(2):338-351. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.10.010
National Library of Medicine, MedlinePlus.Hives.
Villalon-Gomez JM.Pityriasis rosea: diagnosis and treatment.Am Fam Physician. 2018;97(1):38-44.
VanRavenstein K, Edlund BJ.Diagnosis and management of pityriasis rosea.Nurse Pract. 2017;42(1):8-11. doi:10.1097/01.NPR.0000511012.21714.66
National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Herpes—oral.
National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Genital herpes.
MedlinePlus.Contact dermatitis.
MedlinePlus.Rosacea.
MedlinePlus.Measles.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.About measles.
Kang JH.Febrile illness with skin rashes.Infect Chemother. 2015;47(3):155-166. doi:10.3947/ic.2015.47.3.155
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