Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsSports CausesHip ConditionsPinched NerveUrinary Tract InfectionsAppendicitisEnlarged Lymph NodesKidney StonesPelvic CausesWhen to See a Healthcare Provider
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Sports Causes
Hip Conditions
Pinched Nerve
Urinary Tract Infections
Appendicitis
Enlarged Lymph Nodes
Kidney Stones
Pelvic Causes
When to See a Healthcare Provider
Often, related symptoms can help to identify the cause of groin pain, such as joint stiffness in older adults experiencing hiposteoarthritis.Or, the pain may occur along with the frequent need to urinate (pee) when it’s due tourinary tract infection. A healthcare provider may be needed to diagnose and treat the cause.
A Note on Gender and Sex TerminologyVerywell Health acknowledges thatsex and gender are related concepts, but they are not the same.Sex refers to biology: chromosomal makeup, hormones, and anatomy. People are most often assigned male or female at birth based on their external anatomy; some people do not fit into that sex binary and are intersex.Gender describes a person’s internal sense of self as a woman, man, nonbinary person, or another gender, and the associated social and cultural ideas about roles, behaviors, expressions, and characteristics.Research studies sometimes don’t use the terminology in this way. For example, terms that describe gender (“woman,” “man”) may be used when terms for sex (“female,” “male”) are more appropriate.To reflect our sources accurately, this article uses terms like “female,” “male,” “woman,” and “man” as the sources use them.
A Note on Gender and Sex Terminology
Verywell Health acknowledges thatsex and gender are related concepts, but they are not the same.Sex refers to biology: chromosomal makeup, hormones, and anatomy. People are most often assigned male or female at birth based on their external anatomy; some people do not fit into that sex binary and are intersex.Gender describes a person’s internal sense of self as a woman, man, nonbinary person, or another gender, and the associated social and cultural ideas about roles, behaviors, expressions, and characteristics.Research studies sometimes don’t use the terminology in this way. For example, terms that describe gender (“woman,” “man”) may be used when terms for sex (“female,” “male”) are more appropriate.To reflect our sources accurately, this article uses terms like “female,” “male,” “woman,” and “man” as the sources use them.
Verywell Health acknowledges thatsex and gender are related concepts, but they are not the same.
Research studies sometimes don’t use the terminology in this way. For example, terms that describe gender (“woman,” “man”) may be used when terms for sex (“female,” “male”) are more appropriate.
To reflect our sources accurately, this article uses terms like “female,” “male,” “woman,” and “man” as the sources use them.
1. Groin Strain
Amuscle strain(also known as a pull) occurs when a muscle is overstretched and either partially or completely torn. When this occurs in the groin, it typically involves a group of muscles called your adductors, which are located on the inside of your thigh.
This type of injury typically occurs while performing a sport or exercise that involves:
In addition to pain in the groin, a strain can make lifting your leg or moving your thigh closer to your other leg painful. You may hear a popping noise during the strain depending on how serious it is. You may also develop bruising or swelling.
Mild strains typically only limit your ability to do more advanced exercises or activities. Severe sprains can cause pain while you walk or even while you are at rest. Rest is the best treatment for a groin strain.
While some strains resolve on their own in a few weeks, other injuries may last six weeks or more. Full recovery can take six months or more with a long-standing injury.
2. Sports Hernia
Sports Hernia vs. Other Types of HerniasAlthough it is similarly named, a sports hernia differs from ahiatal herniaor aninguinal hernia. These involve the bulging of fat or organs through a weak area of muscle or connective tissue.
Sports Hernia vs. Other Types of Hernias
Although it is similarly named, a sports hernia differs from ahiatal herniaor aninguinal hernia. These involve the bulging of fat or organs through a weak area of muscle or connective tissue.
Sports hernias, like adductor strains, traditionally occur while playing activities like hockey or soccer that involve a lot of cutting or quick changes in direction. The groin pain associated with athletic pubalgia is usually severe while playing sports or exercising, but better with rest.
Unlike an inguinal hernia, there is no palpable bulge in the area of injury (though sports hernias may eventually lead to an inguinal hernia if left untreated).
The typical treatment for this condition is similar to the treatment for an adductor strain, including:
Surgery may be needed if symptoms recur after four to six weeks of treatment.
3. Hip Osteoarthritis
Another common cause of groin pain is osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip.
OA in the hip occurs when the smoothcartilageon the end of the ball (femoral head) and socket (acetabulum) portions of the hip joint begins to thin and wear away. This causes increased friction with hip movement and can lead to a build-up of excess bone.
Over time, OA can also lead to pain in the thigh and buttocks. The pain from OA is typically worse in the morning and after a long period of activity. Other symptoms that make it different from a muscle strain include:
Who Is at Risk for OA?Osteoarthritis typically occurs in middle-aged or older people. Risk factors can include:Family historyA previous injury to the hip, even an old oneOverweight orobesityImproper growth of the hip joint, known as hip dysplasia
Who Is at Risk for OA?
Osteoarthritis typically occurs in middle-aged or older people. Risk factors can include:Family historyA previous injury to the hip, even an old oneOverweight orobesityImproper growth of the hip joint, known as hip dysplasia
Osteoarthritis typically occurs in middle-aged or older people. Risk factors can include:
4. Hip Impingement
Hip impingement, also known asfemoroacetabularimpingement(FAI) is another bone-related condition that can lead to groin pain.
This occurs when extra bone growth on either the acetabulum or femoral head portion of the hip causes the joint to take on an irregular shape. This, in turn, causes pain and joint damage when you move your leg.
The pain from hip impingement is typically centered in the groin, deep within the joint, but it can also extend to the outside of the hip. It’s often made worse with movements like bringing your knees toward your chest or crossing your leg. Tasks involving squatting or twisting may also be painful.
Treatment can include:
In more severe cases, anorthopedic surgeonmay need to perform surgery on the joint itself. This procedure typically involves removing the excess bone growth on the femoral head or acetabulum and cleaning up any damage it has caused within the hip.
5. Hip Fracture
If you’re middle-aged and, especially if you have already gone throughmenopause, you’re at a much higher risk of developingosteoporosis. Bone density loss makes a bone fracture more likely, and it’s common at the hip.
Fractures in the hip area typically affect the femur bone in the region just below the femoral head. This type of bone break (called an insufficiency fracture) can occur even after a small fall or twisting injury.In some cases, the bone is so brittle that even standing orwalkingcan break it.
Hip fractures typically lead to immediate, sharp pain in the groin or upper thigh region. This extreme pain usually makes it nearly impossible to bear weight on your leg.
6. Pinched Nerve
A pinched nerve in your lower back or thigh can cause groin pain, as well as affecting sensory and motor function in your legs. Causes can include abulging discin the lower back or a narrowing of the spinal canal (calledstenosis).
One of the most common nerve conditions that causes groin pain ismeralgia paresthetica.This issue arises when a nerve called the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (which provides sensation to the front and side of your thigh) becomes compressed. This is more likely to occur if you’re overweight or pregnant, but other factors that can increase your risk include:
Occasionally, wearing tight-fitting clothes or belts could also cause a pinched nerve.
Meralgia paresthetica usually causes pain in the outer thigh that extends from the hip to the knee, but you may also feel groin pain, burning, numbness, and tingling.The symptoms are almost always on one side only. They’re typically worse when standing or when the area is touched.
Weight loss and wearing non-restrictive clothing can often help resolve the symptoms of this condition. Occasionally, physical therapy, a cortisone injection, or anti-inflammatory pain medications may also be necessary if the pain persists.
7. Urinary Tract Infections
UTIs occur when bacteria enter the body via the urethra (the tube through which urine leaves your body) and infect your urinary tract. Several factors increase your risk of developing a UTI:
UTIs can cause a cramping sensation in your groin or the lower portion of your stomach. Other symptoms of a UTI include:
Most urinary tract infections are easily treated with an antibiotic, so it is important to speak to a healthcare provider if you suspect you have one.
8. Appendicitis
The appendix is a thin tube joined to the large intestine and located in the lower portion of the right side of the abdomen. In some cases, it can become infected or inflamed. This condition, known as appendicitis, usually affects people in their teens or 20s and is considered a medical emergency.
The pain from appendicitis is typically located on the right side of the lower portion of the stomach near the groin. The pain may come and go at first, but as it progresses, it becomes severe, and the risk of rupture increases. Along with sharp pain,appendicitis symptomsinclude:
Surgery is usually needed to treat appendicitis. If the organ ruptures, a more complex abdominal surgery may be needed. It is essential to see a healthcare provider immediately if you think you may have appendicitis.
9. Enlarged Lymph Nodes
Throughout your body, a series of bean-shaped nodules calledlymph nodesform the lymphatic system, needed to transport nutrients and waste in lymph fluid between the body’s tissue and your bloodstream. Lymph nodes contain lymphocytes (white blood cells) that help the body fight infection and disease.
Occasionally, infection or injury in the body causes the lymph nodes to become swollen and painful to the touch. Nodes in the groin region (called theinguinalor femoral lymph nodes) may grow in size due to an injury or infection in your foot, leg, groin, or vagina. Rarely, they may be a sign of cancer.
Swollen lymph nodes are frequently able to be felt under the skin. Usually, treating the underlying injury or infection helps to reduce lymph node pain and swelling.Occasionally, however, you may need to see a physical therapist who is skilled in treatinglymphedema(swelling of tissues in the body because of a lymph node blockage or damage).
10. Kidney Stones
Akidney stoneis a solid, pebble-like mass of miniature, crystal-like structures that originates in the kidney. These structures occasionally travel from the kidney to the bladder via a narrow tube called theureter.
In addition, when you have a kidney stone, you may notice that you pee less. In rarer cases, fever, chills, nausea, or vomiting can also occur.
Stones often pass on their own but some may require treatment. Speak to a healthcare provider immediately if you suspect you have a kidney stone to ensure you get the appropriate care.
11. Osteitis Pubis
Osteitis pubisrefers to the pain and swelling that can occur when the area where your pelvic bones meet (called the pubicsymphysis) becomes inflamed, often from overuse of muscles that attach to the bone. This may result from:
Normally this soreness comes on gradually and is bothersome only with strenuous activity. However, pain symptoms can progress and impact daily tasks like standing or walking.
Surgeries to the pelvic area or childbirth may also cause osteitis pubis. It can take months for the pain to go away completely. In more severe cases, physical therapy and acortisone injectionmay be needed to help you get rid of your symptoms.
12. Ovarian Cyst
Ovarian cystsare fluid-filled pockets that can develop on one or both of your ovaries, located on each side of the lower part of the abdomen. This is where female hormones are produced and eggs develop.
Cysts in this area are actually quite common and don’t usually cause symptoms. They can rupture, however, and cause pain along with:
Most of the time ovarian cysts go away on their own without treatment. Your healthcare provider may prescribe pain medication or antibiotics to treat an infection, if needed. Rarely, surgery may be required for complications of an ovarian cyst.
13. Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
The pelvic floor is a group of muscles in the base of your pelvis that helps support the organs in that area (like the uterus and the vagina). These muscles also play a role in your bowel, bladder, and sexual function.
Pelvic floor dysfunctioncan occur if you lose the ability to properly coordinate these important muscles.
Many things can cause this type of condition, including:
In some cases, however, it can be difficult to find a direct cause.
Pelvic floor dysfunction can result in groin, genital, rectal, or lower back pain. Difficulty controlling your bowel or bladder function is another common complaint, and you may experience incontinence of stool or urine, or you may have constipation. It also can lead to pain during sexual activity.
People with pelvic floor dysfunction are usually treated withpelvic floor physical therapy, which teaches you to effectively contract and relax your pelvic muscles. Treatment also may include:
14. Pregnancy-Related Groin Pain
Pregnancy-related issuescan lead to groin pain. One example is round ligament pain. The round ligament is a supportive structure that spans from your uterus to the groin region.
As your uterus expands during pregnancy, this ligament stretches and becomes thicker to support the excess weight.This ligament expansion can cause sharp, stabbing sensations in the groin or lower abdominal region. The pain can occur on one or both sides of your body and is most frequent when:
You may also feel a dull ache in the same areas after a long day of activity.
Round ligament pain is typically relieved with rest (lying on your side with your hips bent can be beneficial). Occasionally, your OB-GYN may also suggest applying heat or taking pain medication.
The expansion of your pelvis and relaxation of the body’s ligaments during pregnancy can also cause another issue known assymphysis pubis dysfunction(SPD). This condition occurs when the joint that connects the pelvic bones (the pubic symphysis) becomes inflamed and irritated due to pregnancy-related changes in the area.
During pregnancy, modifying your activities and wearing a support belt can help reduce the frequency and intensity of SPD symptoms. The issue frequently resolves after birth.
Hemorrhoids and Groin PainAbout 40% of people experience hemorrhoids during pregnancy or in the first few days after giving birth.Hemorrhoids causing groin pain is not a typical symptom but may be possible if the pain gets referred from the anal area to the groin.
Hemorrhoids and Groin Pain
About 40% of people experience hemorrhoids during pregnancy or in the first few days after giving birth.Hemorrhoids causing groin pain is not a typical symptom but may be possible if the pain gets referred from the anal area to the groin.
Treatments of groin pain depend on the specific cause and symptoms. In some cases, such as a sudden hip fracture, you will need to see a healthcare provider for emergency care. Surgery is common within a day or two.For a groin strain, you can try self-care at home but should see a provider if your symptoms don’t improve with rest within a week or two.
In some cases, another condition (like a UTI) needs to be treated in order to relieve groin pain symptoms.Be sure to contact your provider if you are experiencing symptoms that include fever, severe pain, shortness of breath, or changes in your mental status.
Summary
Groin pain will likely affect you at some point. There are many different causes of groin pain, including muscle strain, a urinary tract infection, osteoarthritis, kidney stones, and pregnancy.
Some of these conditions are related to physical activity, some to aging, and others to underlying conditions. Treatments of groin pain depend on the specific cause and symptoms.
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Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Groin strain.Arthritis Foundation.Osteoarthritis of the hip.Thorborg K.Current Clinical Concepts: Exercise and Load Management of Adductor Strains, Adductor Ruptures, and Long-Standing Adductor-Related Groin Pain.J Athl Train. 2023 Jul 1;58(7-8):589-601. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-0496.21American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.Sports hernia (athletic pubalgia).Katz JN, Arant KR, Loeser RF.Diagnosis and Treatment of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review.JAMA. 2021 Feb 9;325(6):568-578. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.22171Trigg SD, Schroeder JD, Hulsopple C.Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.Curr Sports Med Rep. 2020 Sep;19(9):360-366. doi:10.1249/JSR.0000000000000748American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.Femoroacetabular impingement.Graham P.Femoral Insufficiency Fracture.Orthop Nurs. 2024 Jan-Feb 01;43(1):50-53. doi:10.1097/NOR.0000000000001011American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.Hip fractures.Chalk C, Namiranian D.Meralgia paresthetica.Handb Clin Neurol. 2024;201:195-201. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-90108-6.00013-2National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.Peripheral neuropathy.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Urinary tract infection basics.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Appendicitis.National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.Appendicitis.National Cancer Institute.Definition of lymph node.Pleunis N, Pouwer AW, Oonk MHM, van Doorn HC, Tjiong MY, van der Velden J,et al.Incidence of inguinofemoral lymph node metastases at the first local recurrence of vulvar cancer: a Dutch nationwide study.Br J Cancer. 2023 Oct;129(6):956-964. doi:10.1038/s41416-023-02373-0Michigan Medicine.Swollen lymph nodes.National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.Kidney stones.Penn Medicine.Kidney stones.Elattar O, Choi HR, Dills VD, Busconi B.Groin injuries (athletic pubalgia) and return to play.Sports Health. 2016;8(4):313-323. doi:10.1177/1941738116653711Johns Hopkins Medicine.What risks are associated with a ruptured ovarian cyst?Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance.Ovarian cysts.National Institutes of Health.What causes pelvic floor disorders (PFDs)?National Institutes of Health.What are the symptoms of pelvic floor disorders (PFDs)?Johns Hopkins Medicine.Treatments for pelvic floor disorders.Marshfield Clinic.Round ligament pain - its causes, symptoms, and treatments.Bužinskienė D, Sabonytė-Balšaitienė Ž, Poškus T.Perianal Diseases in Pregnancy and After Childbirth: Frequency, Risk Factors, Impact on Women’s Quality of Life and Treatment Methods.Front Surg. 2022;9:788823. Published 2022 Feb 18. doi:10.3389/fsurg.2022.788823
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Groin strain.
Arthritis Foundation.Osteoarthritis of the hip.
Thorborg K.Current Clinical Concepts: Exercise and Load Management of Adductor Strains, Adductor Ruptures, and Long-Standing Adductor-Related Groin Pain.J Athl Train. 2023 Jul 1;58(7-8):589-601. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-0496.21
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.Sports hernia (athletic pubalgia).
Katz JN, Arant KR, Loeser RF.Diagnosis and Treatment of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review.JAMA. 2021 Feb 9;325(6):568-578. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.22171
Trigg SD, Schroeder JD, Hulsopple C.Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.Curr Sports Med Rep. 2020 Sep;19(9):360-366. doi:10.1249/JSR.0000000000000748
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.Femoroacetabular impingement.
Graham P.Femoral Insufficiency Fracture.Orthop Nurs. 2024 Jan-Feb 01;43(1):50-53. doi:10.1097/NOR.0000000000001011
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.Hip fractures.
Chalk C, Namiranian D.Meralgia paresthetica.Handb Clin Neurol. 2024;201:195-201. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-90108-6.00013-2
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.Peripheral neuropathy.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Urinary tract infection basics.
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Appendicitis.
National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.Appendicitis.
National Cancer Institute.Definition of lymph node.
Pleunis N, Pouwer AW, Oonk MHM, van Doorn HC, Tjiong MY, van der Velden J,et al.Incidence of inguinofemoral lymph node metastases at the first local recurrence of vulvar cancer: a Dutch nationwide study.Br J Cancer. 2023 Oct;129(6):956-964. doi:10.1038/s41416-023-02373-0
Michigan Medicine.Swollen lymph nodes.
National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.Kidney stones.
Penn Medicine.Kidney stones.
Elattar O, Choi HR, Dills VD, Busconi B.Groin injuries (athletic pubalgia) and return to play.Sports Health. 2016;8(4):313-323. doi:10.1177/1941738116653711
Johns Hopkins Medicine.What risks are associated with a ruptured ovarian cyst?
Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance.Ovarian cysts.
National Institutes of Health.What causes pelvic floor disorders (PFDs)?
National Institutes of Health.What are the symptoms of pelvic floor disorders (PFDs)?
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Treatments for pelvic floor disorders.
Marshfield Clinic.Round ligament pain - its causes, symptoms, and treatments.
Bužinskienė D, Sabonytė-Balšaitienė Ž, Poškus T.Perianal Diseases in Pregnancy and After Childbirth: Frequency, Risk Factors, Impact on Women’s Quality of Life and Treatment Methods.Front Surg. 2022;9:788823. Published 2022 Feb 18. doi:10.3389/fsurg.2022.788823
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