Some natural home remedies are touted as treatments for fungal infections of the nails, also known asonychomycosis. While the preferred treatments are an oral medication called terbinafine or medicated creams applied to the skin, there’s some evidence to support tea tree oil and other natural antifungal options.
Still, research to support these remedies is limited. Further, fungalnail infectionscan be mistaken for another condition, or they may mean that another health condition needs treatment, like diabetes or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).A healthcare provider’s diagnosis can help to ensure proper treatment, which can take weeks before the infection is resolved.
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not regulate supplements the way it regulates prescription drugs. That means some supplement products may not contain what the label says. Whenchoosing a supplement, look for third-party tested products and consult a healthcare provider, registered dietitian nutritionist (RD or RDN), or pharmacist.
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoDermNetwww.dermnetnz.org/CC BY-NC-ND
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See Photo
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.
DermNetwww.dermnetnz.org/CC BY-NC-ND
Do Natural Home Remedies Work?
Whether and how a natural remedy will work for a fungal nail infection can depend on several factors, including the type of infection and how much area is affected. They also can include other risk factors, such as:
Fungal infections are not all the same. The most common type, called distal lateral subungual, typically affects the first or fifth toe and may be easier to treat.
Total dystrophic infection is destructive, advanced damage to the nail associated with immune system compromise.A healthcare provider may be needed to diagnose and treat both the infection and the underlying cause.
Fungal nail infections can lead to pain and problems with walking or standing. An accurate diagnosis is needed to ensure untreated symptoms don’t lead to complications. A dermatologist or other healthcare provider can prescribe effective medication, but it may take a few months to completely heal a fungal nail infection.
1. Tea Tree Oil
In lab studies,tea tree oilhas been shown to stop the growth of two fungi that are responsible for the majority of onychomycosis infections:Trichophyton rubrumandThrichophyton mentagrophytes.
Tea tree oil contains terpinen-4-ol, a key component of antifungal activity.It can be applied directly to your skin or nails when diluted with a carrier oil, but more clinical research is needed to better understand different concentrations and how alpha-terpineol and eucalyptol components act on fungal growth.
2. Menthol Camphor Oil
Some small studies suggest that menthol-camphor ointments like Vicks VapoRub have antifungal properties.They act on the dermatophytes common to fungal nail infection as well asCandidaspecies (yeast).
However, there are mixed results on the specific ingredients of the ointments, with camphor showing more promise than eucalyptol and questions over safety and toxicity levels.
3. Propolis Extract
Studies of propolis extract and onychomycosis have found its use effective, especially in people resistant to other treatments, but these studies are quite small and more research is needed.
4. Resin Lacquer
An antimicrobial resin from the Norway spruce tree has been used in traditional medicine to treat skin conditions. Two small studies suggest benefits in people with fungal nail infections, although the remedy did not perform as well as the first-line treatment with terbinafine.
5. Spirulina
Spirulinais a blue-green algae supplement. There are claims that it offers health benefits for people diagnosed with diabetes, high blood pressure, digestive disorders, and more.
It’s been tested as an antifungal ingredient in Calmagen lotion, sold in Australia, with some benefits and no adverse effects noted.More research, however, is needed. Spirulina is more commonly available as a food additive or nutritional supplement.
6. Oregano
Oreganocontains many phytochemicals (plant-based agents) to fight against fungi, includingCandida.
A study of oregano mixed with vitamin E, tea tree oil, and essential oil of lime found the ointment could effectively stop the growth of various fungi entirely, but it is unclear if oregano can actually kill the infection.
Oregano essential oil is highly concentrated. While it is generally safe and well-tolerated when applied to the skin, it should always be diluted with a carrier oil first.
What Are Carrier Oils?Carrier oils, also known as base oils, are oils used to dilute essential oils before they are applied to the skin. Carrier oils are generally skin-safe and may even help with the absorption of the essential oil they are combined with. Olive oil, jojoba oil, almond oil, and coconut oil are all common carrier oils used in skincare and dermatology.
What Are Carrier Oils?
Carrier oils, also known as base oils, are oils used to dilute essential oils before they are applied to the skin. Carrier oils are generally skin-safe and may even help with the absorption of the essential oil they are combined with. Olive oil, jojoba oil, almond oil, and coconut oil are all common carrier oils used in skincare and dermatology.
7. Ginger
Ginger root contains phenols andterpenesto exert antifungal effects. In particular, the phenol gingerone and the terpenecurcuminhave been studied for their potential to treat fungal infections.
Ginger essential oil contains considerable amounts of beneficial phytochemicals. The essential oil is safe to apply to your skin and nails, but should always be diluted with a carrier oil first and tested on a small area of skin.
8. Green Tea
Green tealeaves contain a high concentration of phenols with beneficial antifungal properties.
Green tea extract has been tested against the fungusCandida albicansand shown to significantly reduce colonies of this fungus in lab tests, but more research on its effects in humans is needed.
9. Neem Oil
Lab researchers who tested neem extract against six fungi, includingCandida albicans, found it to inhibit the growth of all of them.That said, scientific research in humans is lacking.
Neem oil is gentle and generally well-tolerated, so you do not need to dilute it with a carrier oil before applying it to your skin or nails.
10. Garlic Cloves
Garlichas significant antifungal effects and boasts an array of fungus-fighting phytochemicals, including sterols, flavonoids, and phenols, some of which also contain anti-inflammatory properties.
Garlic cloves and essential oil can be applied topically to a fungal infection. But like other essential oils, it’s important to dilute garlic essential oil with a carrier oil first.
11. Henna
Research shows that henna leaves may be particularly beneficial in the fight against the fungusTrichophyton rubrum, which is the most frequent cause of onychomycosis worldwide.
The research is so promising that some researchers believe using henna leaves to treat fungal infections, instead of antifungal drugs, could help reduce the risk of antifungal drug resistance.
12. Aloe Vera
Aloe veragel comes from the plant’s leaves. The gel itself is rich with an array of phytochemicals, including saponins, vitamins and minerals, sterols, and flavonoids, that can help fight fungal infections and soothe inflammation.
Applying aloe vera gel to a nail infected withCandida albicansor another fungus may stop the infection from growing, but more research in humans is needed.
13. Clove Oil
It may be worth applying clove oil to a mild case of onychomycosis, but like other essential oils, it should be diluted with a carrier oil.
14. Apple Cider Vinegar
Proponents ofapple cider vinegarsuggest that acetic acid (a substance found in many types of vinegar) can destroy the fungi that cause nail fungal infections.
Summary
“Onychomycosis” refers to a fungal infection of the nail. Since ancient times, numerous natural remedies have been used to treat onychomycosis, including henna and ginger. To this day, natural remedies like clove oil and garlic oil remain the preferred treatment for onychomycosis in many parts of the world, as they are gentler and more accessible than antifungal medications.
Beyond anecdotal reports, there is very little evidence that natural remedies, including the essential oils discussed here, are effective for treating onychomycosis. Still, these treatments are generally safe to try when diluted with jojoba oil, almond oil, or another carrier oil.
21 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Frazier WT, Santiago-Delgado ZM, Stupka KC 2nd.Onychomycosis: Rapid Evidence Review.Am Fam Physician. 2021 Oct 1;104(4):359-367. PMID: 34652111Leung AKC, Lam JM, Leong KF, Hon KL, Barankin B, Leung AAM,et al.Onychomycosis: An Updated Review.Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2020;14(1):32-45. doi:10.2174/1872213X13666191026090713American Academy of Dermatology Association.Nail fungus: Diagnosis and treatment.Marcos-Tejedor F, González-García P, Mayordomo R.Solubilizationin vitroof tea tree oil and first results of antifungal effect in onychomycosis.EIMC. 2021 Jul;39(1):395-398. doi:10.1016/j.eimce.2021.07.001Mingorance Álvarez E, Villar Rodríguez J, López Ripado O, Mayordomo R.Antifungal Activity of Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifoliaCheel) Essential Oils against the Main Onychomycosis-Causing Dermatophytes.J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Sep 27;10(10):675. doi:10.3390/jof10100675Ivanov M, Kannan A, Stojković DS, Glamočlija J, Calhelha RC, Ferreira ICFR,et al.Camphor and Eucalyptol-Anticandidal Spectrum, Antivirulence Effect, Efflux Pumps Interference and Cytotoxicity.Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 6;22(2):483. doi:10.3390/ijms22020483El-Sakhawy M, Salama A, Tohamy HS.Applications of propolis-based materials in wound healing.Arch Dermatol Res. 2023 Dec 27;316(1):61. doi:10.1007/s00403-023-02789-xVeiga FF, Gadelha MC, da Silva MRT, Costa MI, Kischkel B, de Castro-Hoshino LV,et al.Propolis extract for onychomycosis topical treatment: from bench to clinic.Front Microbiol. 2018;9:759. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00779Nickles MA, Lio PA, Mervak JE.Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Onychomycosis: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Evidence.Skin Appendage Disord. 2022 Jul;8(4):269-279. doi:10.1159/000521703Parekh M, Ramaiah G, Pashilkar P, Ramanujam R, Johnston P, Ilag LL.A pilot single centre, double blind, placebo controlled, randomized, parallel study of Calmagen® dermaceutical cream and lotion for the topical treatment of tinea and onychomycosis.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17((1)):464. doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1970-2Alessandrini A, Starace M, Bruni F, Piraccini B.An open study to evaluate effectiveness and tolerability of a nail oil composed of vitamin E and essential oils in mild to moderate distal subungual onychomycosis.Skin Appendage Disord. 2020 Jan;6(1):14-18. doi:10.1159/000503305Alhasso B, Ghori M, Conway B.Systematic review on the effectiveness of essential and carrier oils as skin penetration enhancers in pharmaceutical formulations.Sci Pharm. 2022 Feb;90(1):14. doi:10.3390/scipharm90010014Teles A, dos Santos B, Ferreira C, et al.Ginger (Zingiber officinale) antimicrobial potential: A review. In:Ginger Cultivation and its Antimicrobial and Pharmacological Potentials.IntechOpen, 2019.Huang JJ, Yu H, Hong G, Cheng H, Zheng M.Antifungal effect of tea extracts onCandida albicans.Dental Materials J. 2020;39(4):664-669. doi:10.4012/dmj.2019-014Ezeonu CS, Imo C, Agwaranze DI, et al.Antifungal effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of neem leaves, stem bark and seeds on fungal rot diseases of yam and cocoyam.Chem Biol Technol.2018;5(18):1-9. doi:10.1186/s40538-018-0130-3Verma T, Aggarwal A, Dey P, et al.Medicinal and therapeutic properties of garlic, garlic essential oil, and garlic-based snack food: An updated review.Front Nutr. 2023 Feb;10(1):1-16. doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1120377Keshwania P, Kaur N, Chauhan J, et al.Superficial dermatophytosis across the world’s populations: Potential benefits from nanocarrier-based therapies and rising challenges.ACS Omega. 2023 Sep;8(35):31575–31599. doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c01988Bello R.Antifungal activity of henna leaves (Lawsonia inermis L.) againstTrichophyton rubrumandTrichophyton interdigitale.Int J Res Rev. 2020 Nov;7(11):1-7.Gaurav V, Bhoi A, Mehta N.Home remedies in dermatology.Indian Dermatol Online J. 2023 Dec;14(6):864-870. doi:10.4103/idoj.idoj_166_23Biernasiuk A, Baj T, Malm A.Clove essential oil and its main constituent, eugenol, as potential natural antifungals againstCandidaspp. Alone or in combination with other antimycotics due to synergistic interactions.Molecules. 2023;28(1):215. doi:10.3390/molecules28010215Kelly S, Liu D, Wang T, Rajpara A, Franano C, Aires D.Vinegar sock soak for tinea pedis or onychomycosis.JAAD. 2023 Jul;89(1). doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.09.043
21 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Frazier WT, Santiago-Delgado ZM, Stupka KC 2nd.Onychomycosis: Rapid Evidence Review.Am Fam Physician. 2021 Oct 1;104(4):359-367. PMID: 34652111Leung AKC, Lam JM, Leong KF, Hon KL, Barankin B, Leung AAM,et al.Onychomycosis: An Updated Review.Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2020;14(1):32-45. doi:10.2174/1872213X13666191026090713American Academy of Dermatology Association.Nail fungus: Diagnosis and treatment.Marcos-Tejedor F, González-García P, Mayordomo R.Solubilizationin vitroof tea tree oil and first results of antifungal effect in onychomycosis.EIMC. 2021 Jul;39(1):395-398. doi:10.1016/j.eimce.2021.07.001Mingorance Álvarez E, Villar Rodríguez J, López Ripado O, Mayordomo R.Antifungal Activity of Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifoliaCheel) Essential Oils against the Main Onychomycosis-Causing Dermatophytes.J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Sep 27;10(10):675. doi:10.3390/jof10100675Ivanov M, Kannan A, Stojković DS, Glamočlija J, Calhelha RC, Ferreira ICFR,et al.Camphor and Eucalyptol-Anticandidal Spectrum, Antivirulence Effect, Efflux Pumps Interference and Cytotoxicity.Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 6;22(2):483. doi:10.3390/ijms22020483El-Sakhawy M, Salama A, Tohamy HS.Applications of propolis-based materials in wound healing.Arch Dermatol Res. 2023 Dec 27;316(1):61. doi:10.1007/s00403-023-02789-xVeiga FF, Gadelha MC, da Silva MRT, Costa MI, Kischkel B, de Castro-Hoshino LV,et al.Propolis extract for onychomycosis topical treatment: from bench to clinic.Front Microbiol. 2018;9:759. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00779Nickles MA, Lio PA, Mervak JE.Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Onychomycosis: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Evidence.Skin Appendage Disord. 2022 Jul;8(4):269-279. doi:10.1159/000521703Parekh M, Ramaiah G, Pashilkar P, Ramanujam R, Johnston P, Ilag LL.A pilot single centre, double blind, placebo controlled, randomized, parallel study of Calmagen® dermaceutical cream and lotion for the topical treatment of tinea and onychomycosis.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17((1)):464. doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1970-2Alessandrini A, Starace M, Bruni F, Piraccini B.An open study to evaluate effectiveness and tolerability of a nail oil composed of vitamin E and essential oils in mild to moderate distal subungual onychomycosis.Skin Appendage Disord. 2020 Jan;6(1):14-18. doi:10.1159/000503305Alhasso B, Ghori M, Conway B.Systematic review on the effectiveness of essential and carrier oils as skin penetration enhancers in pharmaceutical formulations.Sci Pharm. 2022 Feb;90(1):14. doi:10.3390/scipharm90010014Teles A, dos Santos B, Ferreira C, et al.Ginger (Zingiber officinale) antimicrobial potential: A review. In:Ginger Cultivation and its Antimicrobial and Pharmacological Potentials.IntechOpen, 2019.Huang JJ, Yu H, Hong G, Cheng H, Zheng M.Antifungal effect of tea extracts onCandida albicans.Dental Materials J. 2020;39(4):664-669. doi:10.4012/dmj.2019-014Ezeonu CS, Imo C, Agwaranze DI, et al.Antifungal effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of neem leaves, stem bark and seeds on fungal rot diseases of yam and cocoyam.Chem Biol Technol.2018;5(18):1-9. doi:10.1186/s40538-018-0130-3Verma T, Aggarwal A, Dey P, et al.Medicinal and therapeutic properties of garlic, garlic essential oil, and garlic-based snack food: An updated review.Front Nutr. 2023 Feb;10(1):1-16. doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1120377Keshwania P, Kaur N, Chauhan J, et al.Superficial dermatophytosis across the world’s populations: Potential benefits from nanocarrier-based therapies and rising challenges.ACS Omega. 2023 Sep;8(35):31575–31599. doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c01988Bello R.Antifungal activity of henna leaves (Lawsonia inermis L.) againstTrichophyton rubrumandTrichophyton interdigitale.Int J Res Rev. 2020 Nov;7(11):1-7.Gaurav V, Bhoi A, Mehta N.Home remedies in dermatology.Indian Dermatol Online J. 2023 Dec;14(6):864-870. doi:10.4103/idoj.idoj_166_23Biernasiuk A, Baj T, Malm A.Clove essential oil and its main constituent, eugenol, as potential natural antifungals againstCandidaspp. Alone or in combination with other antimycotics due to synergistic interactions.Molecules. 2023;28(1):215. doi:10.3390/molecules28010215Kelly S, Liu D, Wang T, Rajpara A, Franano C, Aires D.Vinegar sock soak for tinea pedis or onychomycosis.JAAD. 2023 Jul;89(1). doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.09.043
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Frazier WT, Santiago-Delgado ZM, Stupka KC 2nd.Onychomycosis: Rapid Evidence Review.Am Fam Physician. 2021 Oct 1;104(4):359-367. PMID: 34652111Leung AKC, Lam JM, Leong KF, Hon KL, Barankin B, Leung AAM,et al.Onychomycosis: An Updated Review.Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2020;14(1):32-45. doi:10.2174/1872213X13666191026090713American Academy of Dermatology Association.Nail fungus: Diagnosis and treatment.Marcos-Tejedor F, González-García P, Mayordomo R.Solubilizationin vitroof tea tree oil and first results of antifungal effect in onychomycosis.EIMC. 2021 Jul;39(1):395-398. doi:10.1016/j.eimce.2021.07.001Mingorance Álvarez E, Villar Rodríguez J, López Ripado O, Mayordomo R.Antifungal Activity of Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifoliaCheel) Essential Oils against the Main Onychomycosis-Causing Dermatophytes.J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Sep 27;10(10):675. doi:10.3390/jof10100675Ivanov M, Kannan A, Stojković DS, Glamočlija J, Calhelha RC, Ferreira ICFR,et al.Camphor and Eucalyptol-Anticandidal Spectrum, Antivirulence Effect, Efflux Pumps Interference and Cytotoxicity.Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 6;22(2):483. doi:10.3390/ijms22020483El-Sakhawy M, Salama A, Tohamy HS.Applications of propolis-based materials in wound healing.Arch Dermatol Res. 2023 Dec 27;316(1):61. doi:10.1007/s00403-023-02789-xVeiga FF, Gadelha MC, da Silva MRT, Costa MI, Kischkel B, de Castro-Hoshino LV,et al.Propolis extract for onychomycosis topical treatment: from bench to clinic.Front Microbiol. 2018;9:759. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00779Nickles MA, Lio PA, Mervak JE.Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Onychomycosis: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Evidence.Skin Appendage Disord. 2022 Jul;8(4):269-279. doi:10.1159/000521703Parekh M, Ramaiah G, Pashilkar P, Ramanujam R, Johnston P, Ilag LL.A pilot single centre, double blind, placebo controlled, randomized, parallel study of Calmagen® dermaceutical cream and lotion for the topical treatment of tinea and onychomycosis.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17((1)):464. doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1970-2Alessandrini A, Starace M, Bruni F, Piraccini B.An open study to evaluate effectiveness and tolerability of a nail oil composed of vitamin E and essential oils in mild to moderate distal subungual onychomycosis.Skin Appendage Disord. 2020 Jan;6(1):14-18. doi:10.1159/000503305Alhasso B, Ghori M, Conway B.Systematic review on the effectiveness of essential and carrier oils as skin penetration enhancers in pharmaceutical formulations.Sci Pharm. 2022 Feb;90(1):14. doi:10.3390/scipharm90010014Teles A, dos Santos B, Ferreira C, et al.Ginger (Zingiber officinale) antimicrobial potential: A review. In:Ginger Cultivation and its Antimicrobial and Pharmacological Potentials.IntechOpen, 2019.Huang JJ, Yu H, Hong G, Cheng H, Zheng M.Antifungal effect of tea extracts onCandida albicans.Dental Materials J. 2020;39(4):664-669. doi:10.4012/dmj.2019-014Ezeonu CS, Imo C, Agwaranze DI, et al.Antifungal effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of neem leaves, stem bark and seeds on fungal rot diseases of yam and cocoyam.Chem Biol Technol.2018;5(18):1-9. doi:10.1186/s40538-018-0130-3Verma T, Aggarwal A, Dey P, et al.Medicinal and therapeutic properties of garlic, garlic essential oil, and garlic-based snack food: An updated review.Front Nutr. 2023 Feb;10(1):1-16. doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1120377Keshwania P, Kaur N, Chauhan J, et al.Superficial dermatophytosis across the world’s populations: Potential benefits from nanocarrier-based therapies and rising challenges.ACS Omega. 2023 Sep;8(35):31575–31599. doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c01988Bello R.Antifungal activity of henna leaves (Lawsonia inermis L.) againstTrichophyton rubrumandTrichophyton interdigitale.Int J Res Rev. 2020 Nov;7(11):1-7.Gaurav V, Bhoi A, Mehta N.Home remedies in dermatology.Indian Dermatol Online J. 2023 Dec;14(6):864-870. doi:10.4103/idoj.idoj_166_23Biernasiuk A, Baj T, Malm A.Clove essential oil and its main constituent, eugenol, as potential natural antifungals againstCandidaspp. Alone or in combination with other antimycotics due to synergistic interactions.Molecules. 2023;28(1):215. doi:10.3390/molecules28010215Kelly S, Liu D, Wang T, Rajpara A, Franano C, Aires D.Vinegar sock soak for tinea pedis or onychomycosis.JAAD. 2023 Jul;89(1). doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.09.043
Frazier WT, Santiago-Delgado ZM, Stupka KC 2nd.Onychomycosis: Rapid Evidence Review.Am Fam Physician. 2021 Oct 1;104(4):359-367. PMID: 34652111
Leung AKC, Lam JM, Leong KF, Hon KL, Barankin B, Leung AAM,et al.Onychomycosis: An Updated Review.Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2020;14(1):32-45. doi:10.2174/1872213X13666191026090713
American Academy of Dermatology Association.Nail fungus: Diagnosis and treatment.
Marcos-Tejedor F, González-García P, Mayordomo R.Solubilizationin vitroof tea tree oil and first results of antifungal effect in onychomycosis.EIMC. 2021 Jul;39(1):395-398. doi:10.1016/j.eimce.2021.07.001
Mingorance Álvarez E, Villar Rodríguez J, López Ripado O, Mayordomo R.Antifungal Activity of Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifoliaCheel) Essential Oils against the Main Onychomycosis-Causing Dermatophytes.J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Sep 27;10(10):675. doi:10.3390/jof10100675
Ivanov M, Kannan A, Stojković DS, Glamočlija J, Calhelha RC, Ferreira ICFR,et al.Camphor and Eucalyptol-Anticandidal Spectrum, Antivirulence Effect, Efflux Pumps Interference and Cytotoxicity.Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 6;22(2):483. doi:10.3390/ijms22020483
El-Sakhawy M, Salama A, Tohamy HS.Applications of propolis-based materials in wound healing.Arch Dermatol Res. 2023 Dec 27;316(1):61. doi:10.1007/s00403-023-02789-x
Veiga FF, Gadelha MC, da Silva MRT, Costa MI, Kischkel B, de Castro-Hoshino LV,et al.Propolis extract for onychomycosis topical treatment: from bench to clinic.Front Microbiol. 2018;9:759. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00779
Nickles MA, Lio PA, Mervak JE.Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Onychomycosis: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Evidence.Skin Appendage Disord. 2022 Jul;8(4):269-279. doi:10.1159/000521703
Parekh M, Ramaiah G, Pashilkar P, Ramanujam R, Johnston P, Ilag LL.A pilot single centre, double blind, placebo controlled, randomized, parallel study of Calmagen® dermaceutical cream and lotion for the topical treatment of tinea and onychomycosis.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17((1)):464. doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1970-2
Alessandrini A, Starace M, Bruni F, Piraccini B.An open study to evaluate effectiveness and tolerability of a nail oil composed of vitamin E and essential oils in mild to moderate distal subungual onychomycosis.Skin Appendage Disord. 2020 Jan;6(1):14-18. doi:10.1159/000503305
Alhasso B, Ghori M, Conway B.Systematic review on the effectiveness of essential and carrier oils as skin penetration enhancers in pharmaceutical formulations.Sci Pharm. 2022 Feb;90(1):14. doi:10.3390/scipharm90010014
Teles A, dos Santos B, Ferreira C, et al.Ginger (Zingiber officinale) antimicrobial potential: A review. In:Ginger Cultivation and its Antimicrobial and Pharmacological Potentials.IntechOpen, 2019.
Huang JJ, Yu H, Hong G, Cheng H, Zheng M.Antifungal effect of tea extracts onCandida albicans.Dental Materials J. 2020;39(4):664-669. doi:10.4012/dmj.2019-014
Ezeonu CS, Imo C, Agwaranze DI, et al.Antifungal effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of neem leaves, stem bark and seeds on fungal rot diseases of yam and cocoyam.Chem Biol Technol.2018;5(18):1-9. doi:10.1186/s40538-018-0130-3
Verma T, Aggarwal A, Dey P, et al.Medicinal and therapeutic properties of garlic, garlic essential oil, and garlic-based snack food: An updated review.Front Nutr. 2023 Feb;10(1):1-16. doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1120377
Keshwania P, Kaur N, Chauhan J, et al.Superficial dermatophytosis across the world’s populations: Potential benefits from nanocarrier-based therapies and rising challenges.ACS Omega. 2023 Sep;8(35):31575–31599. doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c01988
Bello R.Antifungal activity of henna leaves (Lawsonia inermis L.) againstTrichophyton rubrumandTrichophyton interdigitale.Int J Res Rev. 2020 Nov;7(11):1-7.
Gaurav V, Bhoi A, Mehta N.Home remedies in dermatology.Indian Dermatol Online J. 2023 Dec;14(6):864-870. doi:10.4103/idoj.idoj_166_23
Biernasiuk A, Baj T, Malm A.Clove essential oil and its main constituent, eugenol, as potential natural antifungals againstCandidaspp. Alone or in combination with other antimycotics due to synergistic interactions.Molecules. 2023;28(1):215. doi:10.3390/molecules28010215
Kelly S, Liu D, Wang T, Rajpara A, Franano C, Aires D.Vinegar sock soak for tinea pedis or onychomycosis.JAAD. 2023 Jul;89(1). doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.09.043
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