1. Bug Bite
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No matter how careful you are about using insect repellents, it is likely that your child will occasionally get a bug bite. Bug bites can be scary for parents because even a normal reaction can include:
Regular use ofinsect repellentscan help your kids avoid many bug bites.
How to Treat Bug Bites
General treatment for bug bites includes the following:
Watch for signs of infection in the following days (such as increasing redness, swelling, or pain). Keep in mind that discoloration or swelling may occur immediately. This isn’t a sign of infection, but if those symptoms don’t improve or come back, see your healthcare provider.
Is Your Child’s Rash Serious?
Call your provider if your child has a high fever and a rash that persists for several days. This can be a sign of aninfectionor a condition likeKawasaki disease.
2. Chickenpox
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoReproduced with permission from © DermNet and © Dr Mashihul Hossaindermnetnz.org2023.
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See Photo
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.
Reproduced with permission from © DermNet and © Dr Mashihul Hossaindermnetnz.org2023.
The most notable symptom of chickenpox is a rash with itchy, fluid-filled blisters that eventually scab over. The chickenpox rash starts on the chest, back, and face before spreading to the rest of the body.
Othersymptoms of chickenpoxtypically include:
Some kids also may experience mild abdominal pain or a lack of appetite.
Chickenpox is contagious from one to two days before the rash and up to six days afterblistersform.
How to Treat Chickenpox
Most cases of chickenpox will resolve on their own within a few weeks. To manage symptoms, followself caretechniques such as these:
If these remedies don’t help control fever or discomfort or if your there are signs of an infection, contact your healthcare provider.
3. Cold Sores
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See Photosomethingway / Getty Images
somethingway / Getty Images
Some children getcold soreson a regular basis. These sores often occur on the same spot on the face or lip. Children will often feel some pain, burning, or itching at the site of the cold sore before it appears.
Symptoms of cold sores include:
How to Treat Cold Sores
Cold sores usually go away on their own in within two weeks.
To speed up healing, some pediatricians will prescribe the drugZovirax(acyclovir).This cold sore medicine must be used four to five times a day and should be started as soon as the cold sore develops in order for it to be effective.
4. Atopic Dermatitis
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoReproduced with permission from © DermNetdermnetnz.org2023
Reproduced with permission from © DermNetdermnetnz.org2023
Atopicdermatitis(AD) is a long-term (chronic) skin condition that causes dry, itchy skin. AD is acommon type ofeczemaand mostly affects children.
Atopic dermatitis is often called “the itch that rashes” because it begins with itchy skin. Scratching the itchy skin causes a rash to appear.
AD rashes affect different parts of the body depending on age:
The color of the rash can also vary from one child to another. Rashes tend to look purple, darker brown, or ashen grayish in darker skin tones, and red in lighter skin tones.
How to Treat Atopic Dermatitis
AD can sometimes be hard to control, but there are ways to manage your child’s symptoms and reduce flare-ups.
5. Fifth Disease
Reproduced with permission from © DermNetdermnetnz.org2023.
Fifth disease(also called slapped cheek syndrome) is a viral infection that affects children ages 4 to 10 years. This common childhood illness got its name because it was the fifth disease on a historical list of six common skin rash illnesses in children.
The firstsigns of fifth diseaseare mild flu-like symptoms, including:
After a few days of these symptoms, your child may develop a bright red rash on their face that makes them appear to have a slapped cheek. That’s why it is sometimes called “slapped cheek syndrome.”
The rash may also spread to the arms, chest, stomach, and thighs. This rash often has a raised, lace-like appearance and may be itchy.
How to Treat Fifth Disease
Although the rash can look alarming, it usually clears up on its own in one to three weeks. If your child is feeling unwell, you can try the following to ease the symptoms:
6. Lip Licker’s Dermatitis
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoVerywell / Vincent Iannelli
Verywell / Vincent Iannelli
During the winter, many kids have dry skin.They often also get red, irritated skin around their mouths.
As the skin around the mouth gets irritated, many children will begin to lick at it in an effort to relieve discomfort. This makes it even redder and more irritated. Eventually, children develop the classic lip licker’s dermatitis that many parents and pediatricians see in the winter.
How to Treat Lip Licker’s Dermatitis
Fortunately, this type of rash usually responds very well to petroleum jelly or shea butter.
The trick is to put the moisturizer around your child’s lips frequently. This helps break the cycle of irritation and lip licking.
Note that even though lip licker’s dermatitis is found around a child’s mouth, this rash is usually very different than theperioral dermatitisrash that is usually seen in young women. It is less common in children.
7. Measles
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoReproduced with permission from © DermNetdermnetnz.org2023.
Though a blotchy, red rash is the most characteristicsymptom of measles, it is usually not the first symptom. Measles typically begins with:
The rash appears three to four days after these initial symptoms. It shows up as flat red spots near the hairline before spreading to the rest of the body. As the rash spreads, the spots often join to form larger, blotchy patches.
The measles rash lasts about one week before it begins to fade. As it fades, it turns a brownish color and starts peeling.
How to Treat Measles
There is no specific treatment for measles. The virus needs to run its course. You can take steps to manage symptoms though:
8. Molluscum Contagiosum
Molluscum contagiosumis a viral skin disease that causes small clear or flesh-colored bumps with a dimple or pit in the center. It affects adults too, but more than 90% of cases occur in kids.
The wart-like bumps (alone, or in clusters) usually pop up on the face, arms, legs, and abdomen, but they can appear anywhere on the body. Although harmless, molluscum bumps are very contagious. Scratching them can cause them to spread from one part of the body to another, and from one person to another.
How to Treat Molluscum Contagiosum
Treating molluscum bumps is a lot like treating warts. They can be frozen, scraped, burned, or lasered off.
Some healthcare providers advise against treatment because the bumps clear up on their own (usually in two to three months). However, concerns over how long the disease lasts and its impact on quality of life have sparked a trend toward treatment.
9. Pityriasis Rosea
Pityriasis roseais often seen in adolescents.It’s sometimes confused with ringworm because the rash can start with a large pink or tan oval area (sometimes called a herald patch) on the chest, stomach, or back that initially looks like ringworm.
Although alarming for some parents because of the extent of the rash, keep in mind that pityriasis rosea is thought to be harmless.
How to Treat Pityriasis Rosea
No treatment is usually required, but you can manage symptoms at home with these steps:
10. Poison Ivy
It is usually not hard to identify apoison ivyrash, which occurs as an allergic reaction to the substanceurushiolfound in the plant.Your child may have symptoms within hours or a few days after coming in contact with the leaves, stems, or roots of poison ivy.
A classic case of poison ivy might appear after a camping trip, hike in the woods, or trip to the lake. The child then develops a red, itchy rash all over their body a few days later.
Typical symptoms of poison ivy rash include:
The rash can last for one to three weeks.
How to Treat Poison Ivy
Treat the poison ivy rash with home remedies. These will help reduce itching and irritation.
To prevent this and similar rashes, learn toidentify poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac.
11. Swimmer’s Itch
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoReproduced with permission from © DermNet and © 2019 Acta Dermato-Venereologicadermnetnz.org2023.
Reproduced with permission from © DermNet and © 2019 Acta Dermato-Venereologicadermnetnz.org2023.
Symptoms of swimmer’s itch include:
Most people begin to develop a swimmer’s itch rash within a few hours of exposure.
How to Treat Swimmer’s Itch
The itchy rash should resolve in about a week.Using over-the-counterskin creamscan reduce itching. In addition, you can use home remedies includingcolloidal oatmealbaths or baking soda pastes to find relief from symptoms.
Contact your healthcare provider if symptoms persist for more than two weeks.
12. Tinea Infections (Ringworm)
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Reproduced with permission from ©DermNet NZ and ©Raimo Suhonenwww.dermnetnz.org2022
Symptomslook different depending on the body part that’s infected but include:
The rash often appears red on lighter skin, and brown, purple, or gray on darker skin.
Ringworm of the scalp and body (tinea corporis) are the most common types of ringworm in children.
How to Treat Ringworm
Ringworm is treated with an antifungal ointment or cream. These medications usually take several weeks to work.If the antifungal creams don’t work, or if your child has scalp ringworm, your healthcare provider may prescribe antifungal tablets.
13. Yeast Diaper Rash
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Reproduced with permission from ©DermNet NZwww.dermnetnz.org2022.
How to Treat a Yeast Diaper Rash
Treatmentsfor yeast diaper rashes typically include the use of over-the-counter topical antifungal skin creams, such as:
These medications are typically applied to a rash twice a day for seven to 10 days.
14. Impetigo
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Reproduced with permission from © DermNet New Zealandwww.dermnetnz.org2023.
Impetigois a highly contagious skin infection that causes red sores or blisters. It occurs when bacteria enter the body through broken or irritated skin.
How to Treat Impetigo
Although impetigo will go away on its own eventually, most healthcare providers recommend antibiotics to treat the lesions.
The topical antibiotic Altabax (retapamulin) is prescribed for children as young as 9 months old. Bactroban (mupirocin) is used to treat people 12 years and older.
15. Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
The disease is easy to spot because of its telltale symptoms:
Hand, foot, and mouth disease usually starts with a fever and sore throat. Mouth sores develop within two to three days, and the rash appears shortly after that.
How to Treat Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
Focus on keeping children hydrated and using acetaminophen or Advil ibuprofen to relieve pain.
16. Heat Rash
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoReproduced with permission from ©DermNetdermnetnz.org2023.
Reproduced with permission from ©DermNetdermnetnz.org2023.
How to Treat Heat Rash
Heat rash is harmless and often goes away on its own in a few days. To help prevent it, dress your child in loose clothing that keeps their skin cool and dry.
When to See a Healthcare Provider
Contact your child’s healthcare provider immediately if your child has:
Large blisters and bloody, crusty lips are symptoms that your provider should evaluate. Let them know if the child has painful urination with the rash.
If your child’s rash doesn’t get better after a few days or if you are concerned in any way, don’t hesitate to call their healthcare provider.
COVID-19 can cause arashthat may be part of a complication calledmultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children(MIS-C). Call your healthcare provider if the child has a fever of 100.4 F or higher for more than 24 hours, along with a rash or other symptoms like red, cracked lips.
Summary
You can treat some skin rashes with over-the-counter medication. Others may require prescription medication. Your child’s pediatrician can help you figure out what to do about a particular kind of skin rash.
A Word From VerywellMany parents are familiar with diaper rash, poison ivy, and mosquito bites, but parents should be aware that there is a large variety of rashes, and it’s important to be knowledgeable of their child’s environment. Always examine the rash, and if it looks familiar, it should respond to calamine lotion, OTC steroid cream, and antihistamines. If it doesn’t improve, if it spreads over the body, or if systemic (full-body) symptoms like fever, vomiting, or lethargy occur, contact your pediatrician.—WILLIAM TRUSWELL, MD, MEDICAL EXPERT BOARD
A Word From Verywell
Many parents are familiar with diaper rash, poison ivy, and mosquito bites, but parents should be aware that there is a large variety of rashes, and it’s important to be knowledgeable of their child’s environment. Always examine the rash, and if it looks familiar, it should respond to calamine lotion, OTC steroid cream, and antihistamines. If it doesn’t improve, if it spreads over the body, or if systemic (full-body) symptoms like fever, vomiting, or lethargy occur, contact your pediatrician.—WILLIAM TRUSWELL, MD, MEDICAL EXPERT BOARD
Many parents are familiar with diaper rash, poison ivy, and mosquito bites, but parents should be aware that there is a large variety of rashes, and it’s important to be knowledgeable of their child’s environment. Always examine the rash, and if it looks familiar, it should respond to calamine lotion, OTC steroid cream, and antihistamines. If it doesn’t improve, if it spreads over the body, or if systemic (full-body) symptoms like fever, vomiting, or lethargy occur, contact your pediatrician.
—WILLIAM TRUSWELL, MD, MEDICAL EXPERT BOARD
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37 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Rahmani F, Banan Khojasteh SM, Ebrahimi Bakhtavar H, Rahmani F, Shahsavari Nia K, Faridaalaee G.Poisonous spiders: bites, symptoms, and treatment; an educational review.Emerg (Tehran). 2014;2(2):54–58.MedlinePlus.Insect bites and stings.Rife E, Gedalia A.Kawasaki Disease: an Update.Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2020 Sep 13;22(10):75. doi:10.1007/s11926-020-00941-4.Kennedy PGE, Gershon AA.Clinical Features of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection.Viruses. 2018 Nov 2;10(11):609. doi:10.3390/v10110609.American Academy of Dermatology Association.How to Care for a Child with Chickenpox.American Academy of Pediatrics.Cold sores in children: About the herpes simplex virus.Sharma D, Sharma S, Akojwar N, Dondulkar A, Yenorkar N, Pandita D,et al.An Insight into Current Treatment Strategies, Their Limitations, and Ongoing Developments in Vaccine Technologies against Herpes Simplex Infections.Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Jan 17;11(2):206. doi:10.3390/vaccines11020206.Huang A, Cho C, Leung DYM, Brar K.Atopic dermatitis: Early treatment in children.Curr Treat Options Allergy. 2017;4(3):355-369. doi:10.1007/s40521-017-0140-6Coondoo A, Phiske M, Verma S, Lahiri K.Side-effects of topical steroids: A long overdue revisit.Indian Dermatology Online Journal. 2014;5(4):416. doi:10.4103/2229-5178.142483National Eczema Association.Eczema Causes and Triggers.Allmon A, Deane K, Martin KL.Common skin rashes in children.Am Fam Physician. 2015;92(3):211-216.Leung AKC, Lam JM, Barankin B, Leong KF, Hon KL.Erythema Infectiosum: A Narrative Review.Curr Pediatr Rev. 2023 Apr 28. doi:10.2174/1573396320666230428104619.MedlinePlus.Fifth Disease.American Academy of Pediatrics.Avoiding dry winter skin in babies and toddlers.Fonseca A, Jacob SE, Sindle A.Art of prevention: Practical interventions in lip-licking dermatitis.Int J Womens Dermatol. 2020 Jun 5;6(5):377-380. doi:10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.06.001Hübschen JM, Gouandjika-Vasilache I, Dina J.Measles.Lancet. 2022 Feb 12;399(10325):678-690. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02004-3.Yale Medicine.Measles.Han H, Smythe C, Yousefian F, Berman B.Molluscum Contagiosum Virus Evasion of Immune Surveillance: A Review.J Drugs Dermatol.2023 Feb 1;22(2):182-189. doi:10.36849/JDD.7230.Eichenfield L, Hebert A, Mancini A, Rosen T, Weiss J.Therapeutic Approaches and Special Considerations for Treating Molluscum Contagiosum.J Drugs Dermatol. 2021 Nov 1;20(11):1185-1190. doi:10.36849/jdd.6383.Food and Drug Administration.Zelsuvmi label.Food and Drug Administration.Ycanth label.Leung AKC, Lam JM, Leong KF, Hon KL.Pityriasis Rosea: An Updated Review.Curr Pediatr Rev. 2021;17(3):201-211. doi:10.2174/1573396316666200923161330.American Academy of Dermatology Association.Pityriasis rosea: How to Treat It at Home.Watchmaker L, Reeder M, Atwater AR.Plant Dermatitis: More Than Just Poison Ivy.Cutis. 2021 Sep;108(3):124-127. doi: 10.12788/cutis.0340.Lott AA, Freed CP, Dickinson CC, Whitehead SR, Collakova E, Jelesko JG.Poison ivy hairy root cultures enable a stable transformation system suitable for detailed investigation of urushiol metabolism.Plant Direct. 2020 Aug 7;4(8):e00243. doi:10.1002/pld3.243.Food & Drug Administration (FDA).Outsmarting Poison Ivy and Other Poisonous Plants.American Osteopathic College of Dermatology.Swimmer’s itch.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Swimmer’s itch faqs.American Academy of Dermatology.Ringworm: signs & symptoms.Ely JW, Rosenfeld S, Seabury Stone M.Diagnosis and management of tinea infections.Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(10):702-10.American Academy of Pediatrics.Thrush and other candida infections.Taudorf EH, Jemec GBE, Hay RJ, Saunte DML.Cutaneous candidiasis - an evidence-based review of topical and systemic treatments to inform clinical practice.J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33(10):1863-1873. doi:10.1111/jdv.15782Hartman-Adams H, Banvard C, Juckett G.Impetigo: Diagnosis and treatment.Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(4):229-235.American Academy of Dermatology Association.Impetigo: Diagnosis and Treatment.Saguil A, Kane SF, Lauters R, Mercado MG.Hand-foot-and-mouth disease: Rapid evidence review.Am Fam Physician. 2019;100(7):408-414.American Academy of Family Physicians.Heat rash.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Common Pediatric Rashes.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Rahmani F, Banan Khojasteh SM, Ebrahimi Bakhtavar H, Rahmani F, Shahsavari Nia K, Faridaalaee G.Poisonous spiders: bites, symptoms, and treatment; an educational review.Emerg (Tehran). 2014;2(2):54–58.MedlinePlus.Insect bites and stings.Rife E, Gedalia A.Kawasaki Disease: an Update.Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2020 Sep 13;22(10):75. doi:10.1007/s11926-020-00941-4.Kennedy PGE, Gershon AA.Clinical Features of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection.Viruses. 2018 Nov 2;10(11):609. doi:10.3390/v10110609.American Academy of Dermatology Association.How to Care for a Child with Chickenpox.American Academy of Pediatrics.Cold sores in children: About the herpes simplex virus.Sharma D, Sharma S, Akojwar N, Dondulkar A, Yenorkar N, Pandita D,et al.An Insight into Current Treatment Strategies, Their Limitations, and Ongoing Developments in Vaccine Technologies against Herpes Simplex Infections.Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Jan 17;11(2):206. doi:10.3390/vaccines11020206.Huang A, Cho C, Leung DYM, Brar K.Atopic dermatitis: Early treatment in children.Curr Treat Options Allergy. 2017;4(3):355-369. doi:10.1007/s40521-017-0140-6Coondoo A, Phiske M, Verma S, Lahiri K.Side-effects of topical steroids: A long overdue revisit.Indian Dermatology Online Journal. 2014;5(4):416. doi:10.4103/2229-5178.142483National Eczema Association.Eczema Causes and Triggers.Allmon A, Deane K, Martin KL.Common skin rashes in children.Am Fam Physician. 2015;92(3):211-216.Leung AKC, Lam JM, Barankin B, Leong KF, Hon KL.Erythema Infectiosum: A Narrative Review.Curr Pediatr Rev. 2023 Apr 28. doi:10.2174/1573396320666230428104619.MedlinePlus.Fifth Disease.American Academy of Pediatrics.Avoiding dry winter skin in babies and toddlers.Fonseca A, Jacob SE, Sindle A.Art of prevention: Practical interventions in lip-licking dermatitis.Int J Womens Dermatol. 2020 Jun 5;6(5):377-380. doi:10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.06.001Hübschen JM, Gouandjika-Vasilache I, Dina J.Measles.Lancet. 2022 Feb 12;399(10325):678-690. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02004-3.Yale Medicine.Measles.Han H, Smythe C, Yousefian F, Berman B.Molluscum Contagiosum Virus Evasion of Immune Surveillance: A Review.J Drugs Dermatol.2023 Feb 1;22(2):182-189. doi:10.36849/JDD.7230.Eichenfield L, Hebert A, Mancini A, Rosen T, Weiss J.Therapeutic Approaches and Special Considerations for Treating Molluscum Contagiosum.J Drugs Dermatol. 2021 Nov 1;20(11):1185-1190. doi:10.36849/jdd.6383.Food and Drug Administration.Zelsuvmi label.Food and Drug Administration.Ycanth label.Leung AKC, Lam JM, Leong KF, Hon KL.Pityriasis Rosea: An Updated Review.Curr Pediatr Rev. 2021;17(3):201-211. doi:10.2174/1573396316666200923161330.American Academy of Dermatology Association.Pityriasis rosea: How to Treat It at Home.Watchmaker L, Reeder M, Atwater AR.Plant Dermatitis: More Than Just Poison Ivy.Cutis. 2021 Sep;108(3):124-127. doi: 10.12788/cutis.0340.Lott AA, Freed CP, Dickinson CC, Whitehead SR, Collakova E, Jelesko JG.Poison ivy hairy root cultures enable a stable transformation system suitable for detailed investigation of urushiol metabolism.Plant Direct. 2020 Aug 7;4(8):e00243. doi:10.1002/pld3.243.Food & Drug Administration (FDA).Outsmarting Poison Ivy and Other Poisonous Plants.American Osteopathic College of Dermatology.Swimmer’s itch.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Swimmer’s itch faqs.American Academy of Dermatology.Ringworm: signs & symptoms.Ely JW, Rosenfeld S, Seabury Stone M.Diagnosis and management of tinea infections.Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(10):702-10.American Academy of Pediatrics.Thrush and other candida infections.Taudorf EH, Jemec GBE, Hay RJ, Saunte DML.Cutaneous candidiasis - an evidence-based review of topical and systemic treatments to inform clinical practice.J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33(10):1863-1873. doi:10.1111/jdv.15782Hartman-Adams H, Banvard C, Juckett G.Impetigo: Diagnosis and treatment.Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(4):229-235.American Academy of Dermatology Association.Impetigo: Diagnosis and Treatment.Saguil A, Kane SF, Lauters R, Mercado MG.Hand-foot-and-mouth disease: Rapid evidence review.Am Fam Physician. 2019;100(7):408-414.American Academy of Family Physicians.Heat rash.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Common Pediatric Rashes.
Rahmani F, Banan Khojasteh SM, Ebrahimi Bakhtavar H, Rahmani F, Shahsavari Nia K, Faridaalaee G.Poisonous spiders: bites, symptoms, and treatment; an educational review.Emerg (Tehran). 2014;2(2):54–58.
MedlinePlus.Insect bites and stings.
Rife E, Gedalia A.Kawasaki Disease: an Update.Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2020 Sep 13;22(10):75. doi:10.1007/s11926-020-00941-4.
Kennedy PGE, Gershon AA.Clinical Features of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection.Viruses. 2018 Nov 2;10(11):609. doi:10.3390/v10110609.
American Academy of Dermatology Association.How to Care for a Child with Chickenpox.
American Academy of Pediatrics.Cold sores in children: About the herpes simplex virus.
Sharma D, Sharma S, Akojwar N, Dondulkar A, Yenorkar N, Pandita D,et al.An Insight into Current Treatment Strategies, Their Limitations, and Ongoing Developments in Vaccine Technologies against Herpes Simplex Infections.Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Jan 17;11(2):206. doi:10.3390/vaccines11020206.
Huang A, Cho C, Leung DYM, Brar K.Atopic dermatitis: Early treatment in children.Curr Treat Options Allergy. 2017;4(3):355-369. doi:10.1007/s40521-017-0140-6
Coondoo A, Phiske M, Verma S, Lahiri K.Side-effects of topical steroids: A long overdue revisit.Indian Dermatology Online Journal. 2014;5(4):416. doi:10.4103/2229-5178.142483
National Eczema Association.Eczema Causes and Triggers.
Allmon A, Deane K, Martin KL.Common skin rashes in children.Am Fam Physician. 2015;92(3):211-216.
Leung AKC, Lam JM, Barankin B, Leong KF, Hon KL.Erythema Infectiosum: A Narrative Review.Curr Pediatr Rev. 2023 Apr 28. doi:10.2174/1573396320666230428104619.
MedlinePlus.Fifth Disease.
American Academy of Pediatrics.Avoiding dry winter skin in babies and toddlers.
Fonseca A, Jacob SE, Sindle A.Art of prevention: Practical interventions in lip-licking dermatitis.Int J Womens Dermatol. 2020 Jun 5;6(5):377-380. doi:10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.06.001
Hübschen JM, Gouandjika-Vasilache I, Dina J.Measles.Lancet. 2022 Feb 12;399(10325):678-690. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02004-3.
Yale Medicine.Measles.
Han H, Smythe C, Yousefian F, Berman B.Molluscum Contagiosum Virus Evasion of Immune Surveillance: A Review.J Drugs Dermatol.2023 Feb 1;22(2):182-189. doi:10.36849/JDD.7230.
Eichenfield L, Hebert A, Mancini A, Rosen T, Weiss J.Therapeutic Approaches and Special Considerations for Treating Molluscum Contagiosum.J Drugs Dermatol. 2021 Nov 1;20(11):1185-1190. doi:10.36849/jdd.6383.
Food and Drug Administration.Zelsuvmi label.
Food and Drug Administration.Ycanth label.
Leung AKC, Lam JM, Leong KF, Hon KL.Pityriasis Rosea: An Updated Review.Curr Pediatr Rev. 2021;17(3):201-211. doi:10.2174/1573396316666200923161330.
American Academy of Dermatology Association.Pityriasis rosea: How to Treat It at Home.
Watchmaker L, Reeder M, Atwater AR.Plant Dermatitis: More Than Just Poison Ivy.Cutis. 2021 Sep;108(3):124-127. doi: 10.12788/cutis.0340.
Lott AA, Freed CP, Dickinson CC, Whitehead SR, Collakova E, Jelesko JG.Poison ivy hairy root cultures enable a stable transformation system suitable for detailed investigation of urushiol metabolism.Plant Direct. 2020 Aug 7;4(8):e00243. doi:10.1002/pld3.243.
Food & Drug Administration (FDA).Outsmarting Poison Ivy and Other Poisonous Plants.
American Osteopathic College of Dermatology.Swimmer’s itch.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Swimmer’s itch faqs.
American Academy of Dermatology.Ringworm: signs & symptoms.
Ely JW, Rosenfeld S, Seabury Stone M.Diagnosis and management of tinea infections.Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(10):702-10.
American Academy of Pediatrics.Thrush and other candida infections.
Taudorf EH, Jemec GBE, Hay RJ, Saunte DML.Cutaneous candidiasis - an evidence-based review of topical and systemic treatments to inform clinical practice.J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33(10):1863-1873. doi:10.1111/jdv.15782
Hartman-Adams H, Banvard C, Juckett G.Impetigo: Diagnosis and treatment.Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(4):229-235.
American Academy of Dermatology Association.Impetigo: Diagnosis and Treatment.
Saguil A, Kane SF, Lauters R, Mercado MG.Hand-foot-and-mouth disease: Rapid evidence review.Am Fam Physician. 2019;100(7):408-414.
American Academy of Family Physicians.Heat rash.
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Common Pediatric Rashes.
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