Headaches are common, impacting more than 90% of people throughout their lifetime.Different types of headaches andmigrainescan vary in frequency and intensity.
While over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, prescription medications, and medical procedures exist, you may wish to try natural ways to relieve a headache.
1. Drink Water
Sometimes, aheadacheormigrainecan result fromdehydration,which means your body has lost more fluids than it’s taking in.Dehydration can also make a headache worse. Drink water and other low-calorie liquids throughout the day to help prevent this from happening.
Experts recommend increasingwater intaketo combat headaches if you live in a warm environment or are more physically active than average.
2. Limit Alcohol
It’s not a secret thatdrinking alcoholcan result in ahangoverand next-day headache. What’s more, alcohol is a common trigger for people who experience chronic migraines.
Consider limiting how much alcohol you’re taking in. Experts define drinking in moderation as two drinks or less per day for adult men and one drink or less per day for adult women.
3. Turn Down the Lights
People with migraines often experience an increased sensitivity to light (photophobia).Experts believe this is due to how the eyes detect light and transmit signals to the brain, where migraine pain is perceived.
If you have a headache or migraine, try going into a dark room or dimming the lights. Some studies suggest thatgreen LED lightmay also help relieve head pain.
4. Get Quality Sleep
Sleep deprivation and headachesare linked, likely because of disturbances to your sleep-wake cycle.Not getting enough sleep or quality or restful sleep is enough to trigger a headache.Just make sure you don’t get too much sleep. Research shows that oversleeping may also lead to migraines.
5. Massage Pressure Points
Acupressure(a traditional Chinese medicine massage technique) may help with headaches. Experts believe applying gentle pressure to specific points on the body (acupoints) can help balance the body’s energy flow. Try applying pressure to the point on your hand between the thumb and index finger, massaging in a circular motion for a few minutes on each hand.
6. Cold Compress or Heating Pad
Placing anice packor cool washcloth on your forehead has the potential to help soothe inflammation and offer temporary pain relief, particularly for migraines.Heat or warmthmay be more appropriate to ease a muscle tension-related headache.
7. Take a Warm Bath
A warm bath or shower can help relax the body, relievingtension headaches.Some studies have found steam (particularly from a shower) can easesinus headachepressure and inflammation.
However, don’t make the bath too hot. Excessive heat, humidity, and temperature changes are commonchronic migraine triggers.
8. Meditate
Mindfulness techniqueslike meditation can help reduce the severity and frequency of headaches and migraines. Experts theorize that deep breathing and body awareness may help relax the sympathetic nervous system, directing the body to relax. This, in turn, slows the heart rate, improves circulation, and relaxes muscles, which can all contribute to reducing headache pain.
9. Take a Ginger Supplement
Gingermay help ease uncomfortable symptoms related to headaches and migraine. Because ginger root is thought to help soothe an upset stomach, taking this supplement while your head hurts might relieve thenauseathat often accompanies migraines. Ginger also comes in tea or lozenges.
10. Eat More Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3 fatty acids, found in certain foods and considered healthy fats, can help lower the risk of chronic disease and might also help curb headaches. Research shows that when consumed regularly, omega-3 fatty acids may help shorten the duration of migraines.
Since the body doesn’t make these fatty acids on its own, you’ll have to get themthrough your diet. Salmon, walnuts, and flaxseed are healthy options rich in omega-3 fatty acids.Experts also recommend taking omega-3 fatty acid supplements.
11. Avoid Foods High in Histamine
Consider following alow-histamine diet, focusing on whole and unprocessed foods and avoiding aged cheeses, dairy products, processed meats, shellfish, and alcohol.
12. Take Magnesium Supplements
Some studies show that people with amagnesium deficiencymay be more likely to experience headaches and migraines.Taking 500 milligrams (mg) of a magnesium supplement may help prevent head pain.Add magnesium-rich foods, like:
13. Try a B-Complex Vitamin
B-complex vitaminsmay combat headaches and migraines. Research onriboflavin(vitamin B2), vitamin B6, vitamin B9, and vitamin B12 might be effective in reducing certain types of head pain.That said, additional research is needed before this supplement (and others) could be broadly recommended as a headache remedy.
14. Consider Taking Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
Coenzyme Q10(CoQ10) is an antioxidant compound naturally produced in the body that also comes in a supplement. Research shows that it may help reduce thefrequency and intensity of migrainewhen taken regularly.It might also combat oxidative stress in brain, curbing certain migraine triggers.
15. Drink Coffee or Caffeinated Tea
Consuming caffeine routinely, and in moderation, might be a tactic for headache relief. Some research suggests that 100 mg of caffeine or less, when used with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can be effective for reducing migraine symptoms.
However, too much caffeine can trigger headaches, and the same can be said when yousuddenly stop caffeine intake.
16. Consider Acupuncture
Acupunctureinvolves placing fine needles at certain points around the body, with the intention of relieving certain health conditions or issues. There is some evidence that suggests this could reduce frequent headaches. Check with a healthcare provider before trying out this technique.
17. Give Aromatherapy a Try
Light aromatherapy can help you to relax, offering relief for certain types of headaches.Essential oilslikebergamotorlavenderare known to promote relaxation. This might not be the best option for those with chronic or severe migraine.
18. Relax With Yoga
Incorporatingyogainto your routine can reduce stress levels, and headaches.This practice may also help improve your body’sposture, which might be linked totension headaches.If you have any underlying conditions, speak with a healthcare provider first.
19. Get Regular Physical Activity
Maintaining a regular exercise routine is a great way to help prevent headaches from happening in the first place. This includesaerobic physical activity, like cross-training, brisk walking, biking, or jogging.
However, high-impact or vigorous workouts while you’re dealing with head pain can prompt athrobbing headache.
20. Avoid Strong Smells
Osmophobia, asensitivity to strong smells, is another symptom that often occurs with a migraine. Taking in a strong scent may cause an existing headache or migraine to worsen. If you’re experiencing head pain, it’s probably best to avoid perfumes, candles, chemical odors, strongly scented foods, and other odors during this time.
21. Other Herbal Remedies
There are a few otherherbal remediesthat might be useful for relieving headaches and migraines, though additional evidence is needed.
In initial studies,butterburand feverfew may help prevent migraines, However, both come with safety concerns due to potential toxicity in excessive amounts. Speak to a healthcare provider before using either of these herbal supplements.
A Word From VerywellCheck for toxic exposure (heavy metals, chemicals, cosmetics, etc.) or gut dysfunction (inflammation, food sensitivities, leaky gut) as a cause of headaches. While finding short-term relief is important, the ultimate goal is long-term healing and a headache-free life.—ARNO KRONER, DAOM, MEDICAL EXPERT BOARD
A Word From Verywell
Check for toxic exposure (heavy metals, chemicals, cosmetics, etc.) or gut dysfunction (inflammation, food sensitivities, leaky gut) as a cause of headaches. While finding short-term relief is important, the ultimate goal is long-term healing and a headache-free life.—ARNO KRONER, DAOM, MEDICAL EXPERT BOARD
Check for toxic exposure (heavy metals, chemicals, cosmetics, etc.) or gut dysfunction (inflammation, food sensitivities, leaky gut) as a cause of headaches. While finding short-term relief is important, the ultimate goal is long-term healing and a headache-free life.
—ARNO KRONER, DAOM, MEDICAL EXPERT BOARD
Tips to Help Prevent Headaches
There are some tips that experts recommend for reducing the chances of experiencing head pain, which include:
When to Contact a Healthcare Provider
An occasional mild to moderate headache is not always a cause for concern. However, somesignsthat you should see a healthcare provider. These include headaches that:
Some headaches may requireurgent medical care, particularly if you notice any of the following symptoms:
Summary
There are several ways to help relieve some headaches without medication. Depending on the type and underlying cause, improvements in your diet, exercise routine, sleep schedule, self-care, water intake, and other tactics may relieve head pain.
See a healthcare provider if you’re experiencing frequent or severe headaches that don’t get better with at-home or OTC treatment options.
42 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Rizzoli P, Mullally W.Headache.Am J Med. 2018;131(1):17-24. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.09.005National Headache Foundation.Headaches and dehydration.Arca KN, Halker Singh RB.Dehydration and headache.Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2021;25(8):56. doi:10.1007/s11916-021-00966-zCenters for Disease Control and Prevention.Water and healthier drinks.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Dietary guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025.Wu Y, Hallett M.Photophobia in neurologic disorders.Transl Neurodegener. 2017;6:26. doi:10.1186/s40035-017-0095-3Bernstein CA, Nir RR, Noseda R, et al.The migraine eye: distinct rod-driven retinal pathways' response to dim light challenges the visual cortex hyperexcitability theory.Pain.2019;160(3):569-578. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001434Martin LF, Patwardhan AM, Jain SV, et al.Evaluation of green light exposure on headache frequency and quality of life in migraine patients: A preliminary one-way cross-over clinical trial.Cephalalgia. 2021;41(2):135-147. doi: 10.1177/0333102420956711National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.Headache and sleep disorders.Duan S, Ren Z, Xia H, Wang Z, Zheng T, Liu Z.Association between sleep quality, migraine and migraine burden.Front Neurol. 2022;13:955298. doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.955298Waliszewska-Prosół M, Nowakowska-Kotas M, Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J, Budrewicz S.Migraine and sleep—an unexplained association?Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(11):5539. doi:10.3390/ijms22115539Xu J, Mi H.A randomized controlled trial of acupressure as an adjunctive therapy to sodium valproate on the prevention of chronic migraine with aura.Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(27):e7477. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000007477Yang J, Do A, Mallory MJ et al.Acupressure: an effective and feasible alternative treatment for anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.Glob Adv Health Med. 2021;10:216495612110580. doi:10.1177/21649561211058076National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.Headache.UnityPoint Health.9 natural strategies for headache relief.Little P, Stuart B, Mullee M, et al.Effectiveness of steam inhalation and nasal irrigation for chronic or recurrent sinus symptoms in primary care: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.CMAJ. 2016;188(13):940-949. doi:10.1503/cmaj.160362National Headache Foundation.Environmental & physical factors.American Migraine Foundation.Relaxation and paced breathing exercises for migraine.American Migraine Foundation.Migraine home remedies.Worm J, Falkenberg K, Olesen J.Histamine and migraine revisited: mechanisms and possible drug targets.J Headache Pain. 2019;20(1):30. doi:10.1186/s10194-019-0984-1Ferretti A, Gatto M, Velardi M et alMigraine, allergy, and histamine: Is there a link?.J Clin Med. 2023;12(10):3566. doi:10.3390/jcm12103566Kohn JB.Is there a diet for histamine intolerance?.J Am Diet Assoc. 2014;114(11):1860. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2014.09.009Maier JA, Pickering G, Giacomoni E, et al.Headaches and magnesium: mechanisms, bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy and potential advantage of magnesium pidolate.Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2660. doi:10.3390/nu12092660Karimi N, Razian A, Heidari M.The efficacy of magnesium oxide and sodium valproate in prevention of migraine headache: a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover study.Acta Neurol Belg. 2021;121(1):167-173. doi:10.1007/s13760-019-01101-xGröber U, Schmidt J, Kisters K.Magnesium in prevention and therapy.Nutrients. 2015;7(9):8199. doi:10.3390/nu7095388Nematgorgani S, Razeghi-Jahromi S, Jafari E et al.B vitamins and their combination could reduce migraine headaches: A randomized double-blind controlled trial.Curr J Neurol. 2022;21(2):105-118. doi:10.18502/cjn.v21i2.10494Shaik MM, Gan SH.Vitamin supplementation as possible prophylactic treatment against migraine with aura and menstrual migraine.Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:469529. doi:10.1155/2015/469529Gross EC, Klement RJ, Schoenen J, D’Agostino DP, Fischer D.Potential protective mechanisms of ketone bodies in migraine prevention.Nutrients. 2019;11(4):811. doi:10.3390/nu11040811Zhang L, Yin J, Li J et al.Association between dietary caffeine intake and severe headache or migraine in US adults.Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):10220. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-36325-8Zduńska A, Cegielska J, Zduński S, Domitrz I.Caffeine for headaches: helpful or harmful? A brief review of the literature.Nutrients. 2023;15(14):3170. doi:10.3390/nu15143170American Migraine Foundation.Alternative treatments for migraine.American Migraine Foundation.Yoga for migraine treatment.Mount Sinai.Tension headaches.Song TJ, Chu MK.Exercise in treatment of migraine including chronic migraine.Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2021;25(3):14. doi:10.1007/s11916-020-00929-wUpadhyaya P, Nandyala A, Ailani J.Primary exercise headache.Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2020;20(5):9. doi:10.1007/s11910-020-01028-4American Migraine Foundation.Lifestyle changes for migraine management.Islam MR, Nyholt DR.Glucose-related traits and risk of migraine—a potential mechanism and treatment consideration.Genes (Basel). 2022;13(5):730. doi:10.3390/genes13050730Birkie M, Endris M, Asnakew S.Determinants of migraine headache among regular undergraduate students, of Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia: cross–sectional study.BMC Neurol. 2021;21(1):443. doi:10.1186/s12883-021-02466-4National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).Heat related illness.Montagni I, Guichard E, Carpenet C, Tzourio C, Kurth T.Screen time exposure and reporting of headaches in young adults: A cross-sectional study.Cephalalgia. 2016;36(11):1020-1027. doi:10.1177/0333102415620286American Optometric Association.Computer vision syndrome.MedlinePlus.Headaches - danger signs.
42 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Rizzoli P, Mullally W.Headache.Am J Med. 2018;131(1):17-24. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.09.005National Headache Foundation.Headaches and dehydration.Arca KN, Halker Singh RB.Dehydration and headache.Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2021;25(8):56. doi:10.1007/s11916-021-00966-zCenters for Disease Control and Prevention.Water and healthier drinks.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Dietary guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025.Wu Y, Hallett M.Photophobia in neurologic disorders.Transl Neurodegener. 2017;6:26. doi:10.1186/s40035-017-0095-3Bernstein CA, Nir RR, Noseda R, et al.The migraine eye: distinct rod-driven retinal pathways' response to dim light challenges the visual cortex hyperexcitability theory.Pain.2019;160(3):569-578. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001434Martin LF, Patwardhan AM, Jain SV, et al.Evaluation of green light exposure on headache frequency and quality of life in migraine patients: A preliminary one-way cross-over clinical trial.Cephalalgia. 2021;41(2):135-147. doi: 10.1177/0333102420956711National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.Headache and sleep disorders.Duan S, Ren Z, Xia H, Wang Z, Zheng T, Liu Z.Association between sleep quality, migraine and migraine burden.Front Neurol. 2022;13:955298. doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.955298Waliszewska-Prosół M, Nowakowska-Kotas M, Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J, Budrewicz S.Migraine and sleep—an unexplained association?Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(11):5539. doi:10.3390/ijms22115539Xu J, Mi H.A randomized controlled trial of acupressure as an adjunctive therapy to sodium valproate on the prevention of chronic migraine with aura.Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(27):e7477. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000007477Yang J, Do A, Mallory MJ et al.Acupressure: an effective and feasible alternative treatment for anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.Glob Adv Health Med. 2021;10:216495612110580. doi:10.1177/21649561211058076National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.Headache.UnityPoint Health.9 natural strategies for headache relief.Little P, Stuart B, Mullee M, et al.Effectiveness of steam inhalation and nasal irrigation for chronic or recurrent sinus symptoms in primary care: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.CMAJ. 2016;188(13):940-949. doi:10.1503/cmaj.160362National Headache Foundation.Environmental & physical factors.American Migraine Foundation.Relaxation and paced breathing exercises for migraine.American Migraine Foundation.Migraine home remedies.Worm J, Falkenberg K, Olesen J.Histamine and migraine revisited: mechanisms and possible drug targets.J Headache Pain. 2019;20(1):30. doi:10.1186/s10194-019-0984-1Ferretti A, Gatto M, Velardi M et alMigraine, allergy, and histamine: Is there a link?.J Clin Med. 2023;12(10):3566. doi:10.3390/jcm12103566Kohn JB.Is there a diet for histamine intolerance?.J Am Diet Assoc. 2014;114(11):1860. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2014.09.009Maier JA, Pickering G, Giacomoni E, et al.Headaches and magnesium: mechanisms, bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy and potential advantage of magnesium pidolate.Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2660. doi:10.3390/nu12092660Karimi N, Razian A, Heidari M.The efficacy of magnesium oxide and sodium valproate in prevention of migraine headache: a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover study.Acta Neurol Belg. 2021;121(1):167-173. doi:10.1007/s13760-019-01101-xGröber U, Schmidt J, Kisters K.Magnesium in prevention and therapy.Nutrients. 2015;7(9):8199. doi:10.3390/nu7095388Nematgorgani S, Razeghi-Jahromi S, Jafari E et al.B vitamins and their combination could reduce migraine headaches: A randomized double-blind controlled trial.Curr J Neurol. 2022;21(2):105-118. doi:10.18502/cjn.v21i2.10494Shaik MM, Gan SH.Vitamin supplementation as possible prophylactic treatment against migraine with aura and menstrual migraine.Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:469529. doi:10.1155/2015/469529Gross EC, Klement RJ, Schoenen J, D’Agostino DP, Fischer D.Potential protective mechanisms of ketone bodies in migraine prevention.Nutrients. 2019;11(4):811. doi:10.3390/nu11040811Zhang L, Yin J, Li J et al.Association between dietary caffeine intake and severe headache or migraine in US adults.Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):10220. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-36325-8Zduńska A, Cegielska J, Zduński S, Domitrz I.Caffeine for headaches: helpful or harmful? A brief review of the literature.Nutrients. 2023;15(14):3170. doi:10.3390/nu15143170American Migraine Foundation.Alternative treatments for migraine.American Migraine Foundation.Yoga for migraine treatment.Mount Sinai.Tension headaches.Song TJ, Chu MK.Exercise in treatment of migraine including chronic migraine.Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2021;25(3):14. doi:10.1007/s11916-020-00929-wUpadhyaya P, Nandyala A, Ailani J.Primary exercise headache.Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2020;20(5):9. doi:10.1007/s11910-020-01028-4American Migraine Foundation.Lifestyle changes for migraine management.Islam MR, Nyholt DR.Glucose-related traits and risk of migraine—a potential mechanism and treatment consideration.Genes (Basel). 2022;13(5):730. doi:10.3390/genes13050730Birkie M, Endris M, Asnakew S.Determinants of migraine headache among regular undergraduate students, of Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia: cross–sectional study.BMC Neurol. 2021;21(1):443. doi:10.1186/s12883-021-02466-4National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).Heat related illness.Montagni I, Guichard E, Carpenet C, Tzourio C, Kurth T.Screen time exposure and reporting of headaches in young adults: A cross-sectional study.Cephalalgia. 2016;36(11):1020-1027. doi:10.1177/0333102415620286American Optometric Association.Computer vision syndrome.MedlinePlus.Headaches - danger signs.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Rizzoli P, Mullally W.Headache.Am J Med. 2018;131(1):17-24. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.09.005National Headache Foundation.Headaches and dehydration.Arca KN, Halker Singh RB.Dehydration and headache.Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2021;25(8):56. doi:10.1007/s11916-021-00966-zCenters for Disease Control and Prevention.Water and healthier drinks.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Dietary guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025.Wu Y, Hallett M.Photophobia in neurologic disorders.Transl Neurodegener. 2017;6:26. doi:10.1186/s40035-017-0095-3Bernstein CA, Nir RR, Noseda R, et al.The migraine eye: distinct rod-driven retinal pathways' response to dim light challenges the visual cortex hyperexcitability theory.Pain.2019;160(3):569-578. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001434Martin LF, Patwardhan AM, Jain SV, et al.Evaluation of green light exposure on headache frequency and quality of life in migraine patients: A preliminary one-way cross-over clinical trial.Cephalalgia. 2021;41(2):135-147. doi: 10.1177/0333102420956711National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.Headache and sleep disorders.Duan S, Ren Z, Xia H, Wang Z, Zheng T, Liu Z.Association between sleep quality, migraine and migraine burden.Front Neurol. 2022;13:955298. doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.955298Waliszewska-Prosół M, Nowakowska-Kotas M, Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J, Budrewicz S.Migraine and sleep—an unexplained association?Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(11):5539. doi:10.3390/ijms22115539Xu J, Mi H.A randomized controlled trial of acupressure as an adjunctive therapy to sodium valproate on the prevention of chronic migraine with aura.Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(27):e7477. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000007477Yang J, Do A, Mallory MJ et al.Acupressure: an effective and feasible alternative treatment for anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.Glob Adv Health Med. 2021;10:216495612110580. doi:10.1177/21649561211058076National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.Headache.UnityPoint Health.9 natural strategies for headache relief.Little P, Stuart B, Mullee M, et al.Effectiveness of steam inhalation and nasal irrigation for chronic or recurrent sinus symptoms in primary care: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.CMAJ. 2016;188(13):940-949. doi:10.1503/cmaj.160362National Headache Foundation.Environmental & physical factors.American Migraine Foundation.Relaxation and paced breathing exercises for migraine.American Migraine Foundation.Migraine home remedies.Worm J, Falkenberg K, Olesen J.Histamine and migraine revisited: mechanisms and possible drug targets.J Headache Pain. 2019;20(1):30. doi:10.1186/s10194-019-0984-1Ferretti A, Gatto M, Velardi M et alMigraine, allergy, and histamine: Is there a link?.J Clin Med. 2023;12(10):3566. doi:10.3390/jcm12103566Kohn JB.Is there a diet for histamine intolerance?.J Am Diet Assoc. 2014;114(11):1860. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2014.09.009Maier JA, Pickering G, Giacomoni E, et al.Headaches and magnesium: mechanisms, bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy and potential advantage of magnesium pidolate.Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2660. doi:10.3390/nu12092660Karimi N, Razian A, Heidari M.The efficacy of magnesium oxide and sodium valproate in prevention of migraine headache: a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover study.Acta Neurol Belg. 2021;121(1):167-173. doi:10.1007/s13760-019-01101-xGröber U, Schmidt J, Kisters K.Magnesium in prevention and therapy.Nutrients. 2015;7(9):8199. doi:10.3390/nu7095388Nematgorgani S, Razeghi-Jahromi S, Jafari E et al.B vitamins and their combination could reduce migraine headaches: A randomized double-blind controlled trial.Curr J Neurol. 2022;21(2):105-118. doi:10.18502/cjn.v21i2.10494Shaik MM, Gan SH.Vitamin supplementation as possible prophylactic treatment against migraine with aura and menstrual migraine.Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:469529. doi:10.1155/2015/469529Gross EC, Klement RJ, Schoenen J, D’Agostino DP, Fischer D.Potential protective mechanisms of ketone bodies in migraine prevention.Nutrients. 2019;11(4):811. doi:10.3390/nu11040811Zhang L, Yin J, Li J et al.Association between dietary caffeine intake and severe headache or migraine in US adults.Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):10220. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-36325-8Zduńska A, Cegielska J, Zduński S, Domitrz I.Caffeine for headaches: helpful or harmful? A brief review of the literature.Nutrients. 2023;15(14):3170. doi:10.3390/nu15143170American Migraine Foundation.Alternative treatments for migraine.American Migraine Foundation.Yoga for migraine treatment.Mount Sinai.Tension headaches.Song TJ, Chu MK.Exercise in treatment of migraine including chronic migraine.Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2021;25(3):14. doi:10.1007/s11916-020-00929-wUpadhyaya P, Nandyala A, Ailani J.Primary exercise headache.Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2020;20(5):9. doi:10.1007/s11910-020-01028-4American Migraine Foundation.Lifestyle changes for migraine management.Islam MR, Nyholt DR.Glucose-related traits and risk of migraine—a potential mechanism and treatment consideration.Genes (Basel). 2022;13(5):730. doi:10.3390/genes13050730Birkie M, Endris M, Asnakew S.Determinants of migraine headache among regular undergraduate students, of Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia: cross–sectional study.BMC Neurol. 2021;21(1):443. doi:10.1186/s12883-021-02466-4National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).Heat related illness.Montagni I, Guichard E, Carpenet C, Tzourio C, Kurth T.Screen time exposure and reporting of headaches in young adults: A cross-sectional study.Cephalalgia. 2016;36(11):1020-1027. doi:10.1177/0333102415620286American Optometric Association.Computer vision syndrome.MedlinePlus.Headaches - danger signs.
Rizzoli P, Mullally W.Headache.Am J Med. 2018;131(1):17-24. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.09.005
National Headache Foundation.Headaches and dehydration.
Arca KN, Halker Singh RB.Dehydration and headache.Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2021;25(8):56. doi:10.1007/s11916-021-00966-z
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Water and healthier drinks.
U.S. Department of Agriculture.Dietary guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025.
Wu Y, Hallett M.Photophobia in neurologic disorders.Transl Neurodegener. 2017;6:26. doi:10.1186/s40035-017-0095-3
Bernstein CA, Nir RR, Noseda R, et al.The migraine eye: distinct rod-driven retinal pathways' response to dim light challenges the visual cortex hyperexcitability theory.Pain.2019;160(3):569-578. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001434
Martin LF, Patwardhan AM, Jain SV, et al.Evaluation of green light exposure on headache frequency and quality of life in migraine patients: A preliminary one-way cross-over clinical trial.Cephalalgia. 2021;41(2):135-147. doi: 10.1177/0333102420956711
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.Headache and sleep disorders.
Duan S, Ren Z, Xia H, Wang Z, Zheng T, Liu Z.Association between sleep quality, migraine and migraine burden.Front Neurol. 2022;13:955298. doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.955298
Waliszewska-Prosół M, Nowakowska-Kotas M, Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J, Budrewicz S.Migraine and sleep—an unexplained association?Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(11):5539. doi:10.3390/ijms22115539
Xu J, Mi H.A randomized controlled trial of acupressure as an adjunctive therapy to sodium valproate on the prevention of chronic migraine with aura.Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(27):e7477. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000007477
Yang J, Do A, Mallory MJ et al.Acupressure: an effective and feasible alternative treatment for anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.Glob Adv Health Med. 2021;10:216495612110580. doi:10.1177/21649561211058076
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.Headache.
UnityPoint Health.9 natural strategies for headache relief.
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