5 Reasons to Avoid Alcohol If You Have AS

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsBone WeaknessGut HealthWeight GainLiver and Kidney DamageDrug InteractionsFrequently Asked Questions

Table of ContentsView All

View All

Table of Contents

Bone Weakness

Gut Health

Weight Gain

Liver and Kidney Damage

Drug Interactions

Frequently Asked Questions

If you haveankylosing spondylitis(AS), you might wonder how alcohol is affecting your symptoms, treatment course, and disease progression. Alcohol in moderation might be safe with AS, but it is always important to ask your healthcare provider and follow their advice.A general misconception about alcohol is that because it is legal, widely available, and generally socially acceptable, it is less harmful to the body than other substances, such as illegal ones. But the reality is that alcohol can be extremely damaging to the body, especially if you consume it in larger quantities and over long time periods.Chronic alcohol misuse can lead to a wide range of effects on the body over time, but even short-term use might negatively affect people with AS. Unfortunately, there is a lot of conflicting information on how it might affect people with AS, so it is hard to know if drinking is safe to do with AS.This article covers the effects that drinking alcohol might have on AS, including bone weakness, gut health troubles, weight gain, liver and kidney problems, and interactions with treatment.MamikaStock/Getty ImagesBone WeaknessOverconsumption of alcohol can have adverse effects on yourbone health. For example, a 2019 analysis of six studies published in the journalDrug and Alcohol Dependencefound that alcohol increases the risk forosteoporosis.This disease causes the bones to become weak and brittle.TheDrug and Alcohol Dependencereport compared nondrinkers and drinkers and found:People who consumed half a drink to one drink per day had a 1.38 times risk for osteoporosis.People who consumed one to two drinks had a 1.34 times increased risk for osteoporosis.People who consumed two or more drinks per day had a 1.63 times higher risk for osteoporosisThe reason for the higher risk, especially for people drinking more than two drinks per day, is that alcohol interferes with the body’s absorption ofcalciumandvitamin D, which are essential for bone health.Having AS also increases your risk for osteoporosis, so avoiding alcohol might help to better manage your bone health.A 2015RMD Openreport finds osteoporosis is quite common in people with AS and is related to both systemic inflammation (inflammation throughout the body) and decreased mobility.In addition, people with AS are at an increased risk for vertebral (spinal) fractures, and having low bone density (from osteoporosis) further adds to that risk.Supplements for Bone Health: Essential Vitamins & MineralsAS ProgressionConsuming alcohol with AS might also increaseAS progressionand the risk of spinal damage. A study reported in 2019 in the journalArthritis Research and Therapyfound alcohol consumption could be linked to the progression of spinal structural damage inaxial spondyloarthritis(axSpA).AS is a subtype of axSpA, a group of conditions that affect the spine andsacroiliac (SI) jointlinking the pelvis and lower spine.TheArthritis Research and Therapystudy analyzed participants' medical records (using blood work and imaging studies), disease activity, and demographic information over two years.Study participants were also given questionnaires to record their alcohol consumption per week, including information about quantity, type, and occasion. They were divided into two groups—drinkers and nondrinkers. Researchers used a four-point system and X-rays of the lower back and neck to measure disease progression.Results showed considerable differences between people with AS who drank and those who didn’t. Bone changes and disease progression within two years were twice as significant for the drinkers. Researchers also found higher numbers ofsyndesmophytes(bony growths) in the drinkers compared to the nondrinkers.Gut HealthPeople with AS might also experienceinflammatory bowel disease(IBD), which can make their immune systems more sensitive to the effects of alcohol.In addition, takingnonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) such as Advil (ibuprofen) or Aleve (naproxen), which are commonly given for AS, might affect the entire gastrointestinal tract. Some biologic drugs used in treating AS may increase IBD risk.Inflammation of the GI tract and stomach makes it harder for the body to absorb nutrients, and adding alcohol to the mix worsens this problem.Co-Occuring Bowel Issues in Ankylosing SpondylitisAlcohol and its metabolites (the intermediate or end result of metabolism), especially in large amounts, can overwhelm the GI tract, and this is without an inflammatory condition.Alcohol and its metabolites encourageintestinal inflammation.According to one 2017Alcohol Researchreport, this inflammatory response exacerbates alcohol-induced organ damage.It also creates a vicious cycle of harmful effects from the alcohol on the body, both locally and systemically.Weight GainAlcohol consumption might cause you to gain weight because it keeps the body from burning fat and leads to hunger and poor food choices, according to a 2015Current Obesity Reportsarticle.Those extra pounds can stress already inflamed joints. It is, therefore, vital to keep weight under control as part of an AS healthy lifestyle.Most studies show that light to moderate drinking is not linked toobesity, whereas heavy drinking is closely related to weight gain.A theory for this link is that alcohol can influence hunger via different mechanisms, such as opioid, serotonergic, and GABAergic pathways in the brain, which might increase appetite.Alcohol might also amplify appetite perception without hunger and in response to food stimuli, according to the previously notedCurrent Obesity Reportsarticle.The research also shows beer and spirit drinkers have poorer dietary habits than wine drinkers.Other studies also link sedentary behaviors and alcohol intake with weight gain.For people who are physically active, alcohol might not cause the same amount of weight gain.Liver and Kidney DamageThe overconsumption of alcohol can lead to liver and kidney damage. The liver is responsible for processing medicines and foods. If you drink too much alcohol, the liver becomes damaged fromcirrhosis(liver scarring).That scarring will keep the liver from functioning correctly and absorbing your AS medicines properly.According to the National Kidney Foundation, a damaged liver can overtax the kidneys.Because the kidneys can only do so much to manage blood flow and filter the blood, they will start to fail with this overexertion.What Is Acute Renal Failure?Interactions With MedicationYour healthcare provider might discourage you from drinking alcohol because it might interact with some of the medications you take to treat AS. For example, alcohol might reduce the effects ofdisease-modifying antirheumatic drugs(DMARDs) likemethotrexate.Alcohol might also intensify the effects of over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers like NSAIDs and acetaminophen.Consuming alcohol while taking NSAIDs might increase the risk ofgastrointestinal bleeding, and alcohol with Tylenol (acetaminophen) can lead to liver problems.SummaryAlcohol can have a wide range of effects on the body, including on how you treat and manage ankylosing spondylitis. Consuming alcohol when you have AS might lead to bone weakness, damage to the spine, gut health troubles, weight gain, and liver and kidney problems. It might also intensify or reduce the effects of some medications you take to treat AS.A Word From VerywellWhen managing the effects of ankylosing spondylitis, it is crucial to listen to your body. If you experience signs of gastrointestinal inflammation (stomach pain, heartburn, etc.) or have concerns about your bone health, let your healthcare provider know. Your rheumatologist (a specialist in arthritis) should be testing your liver enzymes regularly, so make sure you follow up on getting blood work done.Let your rheumatologist know about your drinking habits. They can give you information and advise you on how much alcohol is safe based on your health condition and the treatments you take to manage AS. If you find reducing your alcohol consumption challenging, ask your healthcare provider about resources to help you.Frequently Asked QuestionsWhile diet alone cannot cure ankylosing spondylitis, eliminating some foods might help reduce inflammation.Foods to include in an anti-inflammatory diet are fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and foods high in omega-3 fatty acids like olive oil and fatty fish like salmon.Learn MoreFoods to Eat on the Anti-Inflammatory DietNumerous studies show AS and alcohol don’t mix.Alcohol can promote inflammation in the body, leading to pain and joint damage.It might be safe to drink alcohol in moderation, but if drinking increases your AS symptoms, cut down or completely stop, and let your healthcare provider know. They can give you information on whether it is safe to drink alcohol based on your unique health condition and the medicines you take.Learn MoreThe Impact of Alcohol on Your Body

A general misconception about alcohol is that because it is legal, widely available, and generally socially acceptable, it is less harmful to the body than other substances, such as illegal ones. But the reality is that alcohol can be extremely damaging to the body, especially if you consume it in larger quantities and over long time periods.

Chronic alcohol misuse can lead to a wide range of effects on the body over time, but even short-term use might negatively affect people with AS. Unfortunately, there is a lot of conflicting information on how it might affect people with AS, so it is hard to know if drinking is safe to do with AS.

This article covers the effects that drinking alcohol might have on AS, including bone weakness, gut health troubles, weight gain, liver and kidney problems, and interactions with treatment.

MamikaStock/Getty Images

Woman sitting at table with laptop and book, with glass of wine

Overconsumption of alcohol can have adverse effects on yourbone health. For example, a 2019 analysis of six studies published in the journalDrug and Alcohol Dependencefound that alcohol increases the risk forosteoporosis.This disease causes the bones to become weak and brittle.

TheDrug and Alcohol Dependencereport compared nondrinkers and drinkers and found:

The reason for the higher risk, especially for people drinking more than two drinks per day, is that alcohol interferes with the body’s absorption ofcalciumandvitamin D, which are essential for bone health.

Having AS also increases your risk for osteoporosis, so avoiding alcohol might help to better manage your bone health.

A 2015RMD Openreport finds osteoporosis is quite common in people with AS and is related to both systemic inflammation (inflammation throughout the body) and decreased mobility.In addition, people with AS are at an increased risk for vertebral (spinal) fractures, and having low bone density (from osteoporosis) further adds to that risk.

Supplements for Bone Health: Essential Vitamins & Minerals

AS Progression

Consuming alcohol with AS might also increaseAS progressionand the risk of spinal damage. A study reported in 2019 in the journalArthritis Research and Therapyfound alcohol consumption could be linked to the progression of spinal structural damage inaxial spondyloarthritis(axSpA).

AS is a subtype of axSpA, a group of conditions that affect the spine andsacroiliac (SI) jointlinking the pelvis and lower spine.

TheArthritis Research and Therapystudy analyzed participants' medical records (using blood work and imaging studies), disease activity, and demographic information over two years.

Study participants were also given questionnaires to record their alcohol consumption per week, including information about quantity, type, and occasion. They were divided into two groups—drinkers and nondrinkers. Researchers used a four-point system and X-rays of the lower back and neck to measure disease progression.

Results showed considerable differences between people with AS who drank and those who didn’t. Bone changes and disease progression within two years were twice as significant for the drinkers. Researchers also found higher numbers ofsyndesmophytes(bony growths) in the drinkers compared to the nondrinkers.

People with AS might also experienceinflammatory bowel disease(IBD), which can make their immune systems more sensitive to the effects of alcohol.

In addition, takingnonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) such as Advil (ibuprofen) or Aleve (naproxen), which are commonly given for AS, might affect the entire gastrointestinal tract. Some biologic drugs used in treating AS may increase IBD risk.

Inflammation of the GI tract and stomach makes it harder for the body to absorb nutrients, and adding alcohol to the mix worsens this problem.

Co-Occuring Bowel Issues in Ankylosing Spondylitis

Alcohol and its metabolites (the intermediate or end result of metabolism), especially in large amounts, can overwhelm the GI tract, and this is without an inflammatory condition.Alcohol and its metabolites encourageintestinal inflammation.

According to one 2017Alcohol Researchreport, this inflammatory response exacerbates alcohol-induced organ damage.It also creates a vicious cycle of harmful effects from the alcohol on the body, both locally and systemically.

Alcohol consumption might cause you to gain weight because it keeps the body from burning fat and leads to hunger and poor food choices, according to a 2015Current Obesity Reportsarticle.Those extra pounds can stress already inflamed joints. It is, therefore, vital to keep weight under control as part of an AS healthy lifestyle.

Most studies show that light to moderate drinking is not linked toobesity, whereas heavy drinking is closely related to weight gain.A theory for this link is that alcohol can influence hunger via different mechanisms, such as opioid, serotonergic, and GABAergic pathways in the brain, which might increase appetite.

Alcohol might also amplify appetite perception without hunger and in response to food stimuli, according to the previously notedCurrent Obesity Reportsarticle.The research also shows beer and spirit drinkers have poorer dietary habits than wine drinkers.

Other studies also link sedentary behaviors and alcohol intake with weight gain.For people who are physically active, alcohol might not cause the same amount of weight gain.

The overconsumption of alcohol can lead to liver and kidney damage. The liver is responsible for processing medicines and foods. If you drink too much alcohol, the liver becomes damaged fromcirrhosis(liver scarring).That scarring will keep the liver from functioning correctly and absorbing your AS medicines properly.

According to the National Kidney Foundation, a damaged liver can overtax the kidneys.Because the kidneys can only do so much to manage blood flow and filter the blood, they will start to fail with this overexertion.

What Is Acute Renal Failure?

Interactions With Medication

Your healthcare provider might discourage you from drinking alcohol because it might interact with some of the medications you take to treat AS. For example, alcohol might reduce the effects ofdisease-modifying antirheumatic drugs(DMARDs) likemethotrexate.

Alcohol might also intensify the effects of over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers like NSAIDs and acetaminophen.Consuming alcohol while taking NSAIDs might increase the risk ofgastrointestinal bleeding, and alcohol with Tylenol (acetaminophen) can lead to liver problems.

Summary

Alcohol can have a wide range of effects on the body, including on how you treat and manage ankylosing spondylitis. Consuming alcohol when you have AS might lead to bone weakness, damage to the spine, gut health troubles, weight gain, and liver and kidney problems. It might also intensify or reduce the effects of some medications you take to treat AS.

A Word From Verywell

When managing the effects of ankylosing spondylitis, it is crucial to listen to your body. If you experience signs of gastrointestinal inflammation (stomach pain, heartburn, etc.) or have concerns about your bone health, let your healthcare provider know. Your rheumatologist (a specialist in arthritis) should be testing your liver enzymes regularly, so make sure you follow up on getting blood work done.

Let your rheumatologist know about your drinking habits. They can give you information and advise you on how much alcohol is safe based on your health condition and the treatments you take to manage AS. If you find reducing your alcohol consumption challenging, ask your healthcare provider about resources to help you.

Frequently Asked QuestionsWhile diet alone cannot cure ankylosing spondylitis, eliminating some foods might help reduce inflammation.Foods to include in an anti-inflammatory diet are fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and foods high in omega-3 fatty acids like olive oil and fatty fish like salmon.Learn MoreFoods to Eat on the Anti-Inflammatory DietNumerous studies show AS and alcohol don’t mix.Alcohol can promote inflammation in the body, leading to pain and joint damage.It might be safe to drink alcohol in moderation, but if drinking increases your AS symptoms, cut down or completely stop, and let your healthcare provider know. They can give you information on whether it is safe to drink alcohol based on your unique health condition and the medicines you take.Learn MoreThe Impact of Alcohol on Your Body

While diet alone cannot cure ankylosing spondylitis, eliminating some foods might help reduce inflammation.Foods to include in an anti-inflammatory diet are fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and foods high in omega-3 fatty acids like olive oil and fatty fish like salmon.Learn MoreFoods to Eat on the Anti-Inflammatory Diet

Learn MoreFoods to Eat on the Anti-Inflammatory Diet

Numerous studies show AS and alcohol don’t mix.Alcohol can promote inflammation in the body, leading to pain and joint damage.It might be safe to drink alcohol in moderation, but if drinking increases your AS symptoms, cut down or completely stop, and let your healthcare provider know. They can give you information on whether it is safe to drink alcohol based on your unique health condition and the medicines you take.Learn MoreThe Impact of Alcohol on Your Body

Numerous studies show AS and alcohol don’t mix.Alcohol can promote inflammation in the body, leading to pain and joint damage.

It might be safe to drink alcohol in moderation, but if drinking increases your AS symptoms, cut down or completely stop, and let your healthcare provider know. They can give you information on whether it is safe to drink alcohol based on your unique health condition and the medicines you take.

Learn MoreThe Impact of Alcohol on Your Body

11 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Stahre M, Roeber J, Kanny D, Brewer RD, Zhang X.Contribution of excessive alcohol consumption to deaths and years of potential life lost in the United States.Prev Chronic Dis.2014;11:E109. doi:10.5888/pcd11.130293Cheraghi Z, Doosti-Irani A, Almasi-Hashiani A, et al.The effect of alcohol on osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;197:197-202. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.025Banjac Baljak V, Mihajlovic G, Zivlak-Radulovic N, Nezic L, Miskovic M, Banjac V.Association between vitamin d and cognitive deficiency in alcohol dependence.Healthcare(Basel). 2022;10(9):1772. doi:10.3390/healthcare10091772Briot K, Roux C.Inflammation, bone loss and fracture risk in spondyloarthritis.RMD Open. 2015;1(1):e000052. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2015-000052Min HK, Lee J, Ju JH, Park SH, Kwok SK.Alcohol consumption as a predictor of the progression of spinal structural damage in axial spondyloarthritis: Data from the Catholic Axial Spondyloarthritis COhort (CASCO).Arthritis Res Ther. 2019;21(1):187. doi:10.1186/s13075-019-1970-3Wang S, Tsou HK, Chiou JY, Wang YH, Zhang Z, Wei JC.Increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease among patients with ankylosing spondylitis: A 13-year population-based cohort study.Front Immunol. 2020;11:578732. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.578732Bishehsari F, Magno E, Swanson G, et al.Alcohol and gut-derived inflammation.Alcohol Res. 2017;38(2):163-171.Traversy G, Chaput JP.Alcohol consumption and obesity: An update.Curr Obes Rep. 2015;4(1):122-130. doi:10.1007/s13679-014-0129-4Osna NA, Donohue TM Jr, Kharbanda KK.Alcoholic liver disease: Pathogenesis and current management.Alcohol Res. 2017;38(2):147-161.National Kidney Foundation.Alcohol and your kidneys.Ricker MA, Haas WC.Anti-inflammatory diet in clinical practice: a review.Nutr Clin Pract.2017;32(3):318-25. doi:10.1177/0884533617700353

11 Sources

Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Stahre M, Roeber J, Kanny D, Brewer RD, Zhang X.Contribution of excessive alcohol consumption to deaths and years of potential life lost in the United States.Prev Chronic Dis.2014;11:E109. doi:10.5888/pcd11.130293Cheraghi Z, Doosti-Irani A, Almasi-Hashiani A, et al.The effect of alcohol on osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;197:197-202. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.025Banjac Baljak V, Mihajlovic G, Zivlak-Radulovic N, Nezic L, Miskovic M, Banjac V.Association between vitamin d and cognitive deficiency in alcohol dependence.Healthcare(Basel). 2022;10(9):1772. doi:10.3390/healthcare10091772Briot K, Roux C.Inflammation, bone loss and fracture risk in spondyloarthritis.RMD Open. 2015;1(1):e000052. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2015-000052Min HK, Lee J, Ju JH, Park SH, Kwok SK.Alcohol consumption as a predictor of the progression of spinal structural damage in axial spondyloarthritis: Data from the Catholic Axial Spondyloarthritis COhort (CASCO).Arthritis Res Ther. 2019;21(1):187. doi:10.1186/s13075-019-1970-3Wang S, Tsou HK, Chiou JY, Wang YH, Zhang Z, Wei JC.Increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease among patients with ankylosing spondylitis: A 13-year population-based cohort study.Front Immunol. 2020;11:578732. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.578732Bishehsari F, Magno E, Swanson G, et al.Alcohol and gut-derived inflammation.Alcohol Res. 2017;38(2):163-171.Traversy G, Chaput JP.Alcohol consumption and obesity: An update.Curr Obes Rep. 2015;4(1):122-130. doi:10.1007/s13679-014-0129-4Osna NA, Donohue TM Jr, Kharbanda KK.Alcoholic liver disease: Pathogenesis and current management.Alcohol Res. 2017;38(2):147-161.National Kidney Foundation.Alcohol and your kidneys.Ricker MA, Haas WC.Anti-inflammatory diet in clinical practice: a review.Nutr Clin Pract.2017;32(3):318-25. doi:10.1177/0884533617700353

Stahre M, Roeber J, Kanny D, Brewer RD, Zhang X.Contribution of excessive alcohol consumption to deaths and years of potential life lost in the United States.Prev Chronic Dis.2014;11:E109. doi:10.5888/pcd11.130293Cheraghi Z, Doosti-Irani A, Almasi-Hashiani A, et al.The effect of alcohol on osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;197:197-202. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.025Banjac Baljak V, Mihajlovic G, Zivlak-Radulovic N, Nezic L, Miskovic M, Banjac V.Association between vitamin d and cognitive deficiency in alcohol dependence.Healthcare(Basel). 2022;10(9):1772. doi:10.3390/healthcare10091772Briot K, Roux C.Inflammation, bone loss and fracture risk in spondyloarthritis.RMD Open. 2015;1(1):e000052. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2015-000052Min HK, Lee J, Ju JH, Park SH, Kwok SK.Alcohol consumption as a predictor of the progression of spinal structural damage in axial spondyloarthritis: Data from the Catholic Axial Spondyloarthritis COhort (CASCO).Arthritis Res Ther. 2019;21(1):187. doi:10.1186/s13075-019-1970-3Wang S, Tsou HK, Chiou JY, Wang YH, Zhang Z, Wei JC.Increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease among patients with ankylosing spondylitis: A 13-year population-based cohort study.Front Immunol. 2020;11:578732. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.578732Bishehsari F, Magno E, Swanson G, et al.Alcohol and gut-derived inflammation.Alcohol Res. 2017;38(2):163-171.Traversy G, Chaput JP.Alcohol consumption and obesity: An update.Curr Obes Rep. 2015;4(1):122-130. doi:10.1007/s13679-014-0129-4Osna NA, Donohue TM Jr, Kharbanda KK.Alcoholic liver disease: Pathogenesis and current management.Alcohol Res. 2017;38(2):147-161.National Kidney Foundation.Alcohol and your kidneys.Ricker MA, Haas WC.Anti-inflammatory diet in clinical practice: a review.Nutr Clin Pract.2017;32(3):318-25. doi:10.1177/0884533617700353

Cheraghi Z, Doosti-Irani A, Almasi-Hashiani A, et al.The effect of alcohol on osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;197:197-202. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.025

Banjac Baljak V, Mihajlovic G, Zivlak-Radulovic N, Nezic L, Miskovic M, Banjac V.Association between vitamin d and cognitive deficiency in alcohol dependence.Healthcare(Basel). 2022;10(9):1772. doi:10.3390/healthcare10091772

Briot K, Roux C.Inflammation, bone loss and fracture risk in spondyloarthritis.RMD Open. 2015;1(1):e000052. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2015-000052

Min HK, Lee J, Ju JH, Park SH, Kwok SK.Alcohol consumption as a predictor of the progression of spinal structural damage in axial spondyloarthritis: Data from the Catholic Axial Spondyloarthritis COhort (CASCO).Arthritis Res Ther. 2019;21(1):187. doi:10.1186/s13075-019-1970-3

Wang S, Tsou HK, Chiou JY, Wang YH, Zhang Z, Wei JC.Increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease among patients with ankylosing spondylitis: A 13-year population-based cohort study.Front Immunol. 2020;11:578732. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.578732

Bishehsari F, Magno E, Swanson G, et al.Alcohol and gut-derived inflammation.Alcohol Res. 2017;38(2):163-171.

Traversy G, Chaput JP.Alcohol consumption and obesity: An update.Curr Obes Rep. 2015;4(1):122-130. doi:10.1007/s13679-014-0129-4

Osna NA, Donohue TM Jr, Kharbanda KK.Alcoholic liver disease: Pathogenesis and current management.Alcohol Res. 2017;38(2):147-161.

National Kidney Foundation.Alcohol and your kidneys.

Ricker MA, Haas WC.Anti-inflammatory diet in clinical practice: a review.Nutr Clin Pract.2017;32(3):318-25. doi:10.1177/0884533617700353

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AS Progression#

Interactions With Medication#

Summary#

A Word From Verywell#

AS Progression

Interactions With Medication

Summary

A Word From Verywell