Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsElderberryOscillococcinumEchinaceaGinsengZincVitamin CGreen TeaTopical OintmentsPreventionWhen to See a Healthcare Provider
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Elderberry
Oscillococcinum
Echinacea
Ginseng
Zinc
Vitamin C
Green Tea
Topical Ointments
Prevention
When to See a Healthcare Provider
Most people will have a mild illness when they catch influenza (“the flu”). Simple self-care methods like rest and fluids are the only things needed as the virus runs its course.
If you are pregnant, 65 years or older, or are at high risk of flu-related complications, you should talk with a healthcare provider immediately when you have flu symptoms or exposure.For these groups, antivirals (such asTamiflu) are the only treatments known to be effective against theinfluenzavirus.
Symptoms of the fluare similar to those of thecommon cold(coughing, sore throat, fatigue, etc.). However, the flu can cause more serious illnesses, potentially leading to complications, especially inhigh-risk groups.In some cases, the flu can be deadly.
Further research is needed on the effectiveness and safety of herbs andsupplementsfor influenza. Here are some of the natural remedies that are being studied for the flu.
Elderberry(Sambucus nigra) is an herb that has a long history of use as a folk remedy for colds,sinus infections, and the flu. In preliminary lab studies, elderberry extracts have been found to fight off viruses. Researchers believe thatanthocyanins, compounds found naturally in elderberries, may be the active component that strengthens theimmune systemand blocks the flu virus from sticking to cells.
A 2019 meta-analysis found black elderberry can substantially reduce upper-respiratory symptoms and may be a safer alternative to prescription drugs for routine cases of the common cold and influenza.Other studies on elderberry have been small, have tested only one commercially available product, or have received financial support from the manufacturer.
Health food stores carry elderberry juice, syrup, gummies, and capsules. Side effects, although rare, may include mild indigestion or allergic reactions.
Only commercially prepared extracts of the berry should be used, because the fresh leaves, flowers, bark, young buds, unripe berries, and roots contain cyanide and could potentially result in cyanide poisoning.
TYNZA / Getty Images
Oscillococcinum, also known asAnas barbariae hepatitisandCordis extractum 200 c, is a brand-name homeopathic product that’s manufactured in France.
The rationale for its use comes from the homeopathic principle “like cures like." The concept is that a substance that causes specific symptoms in a healthy person can be used (in a very dilute dose) to treat those symptoms in a sick person.One example is using poison ivy to treat pain or itchy skin disorders. Although there isn’t evidence it works to treat these conditions, it has been shown effective in preventing or minimizing poison ivy dermatitis.
Oscillococcinum is made from 200 dilutions of duck heart and liver extracts, which are believed to be particularly vulnerable to influenza viruses.Molecules of the extracts are non-existent after processing, which critics of homeopathic remedies in general say means there is no chemical basis for a product’s purported action.
According to a 2015 review, there is limited evidence to support the efficacy of Oscillococcinum for the treatment of flu. Researchers included six studies with a total of 1,523 children and adults and found no statistically significant difference between the effects of Oscillococcinum and placebo in the prevention or treatment of influenza-like illness.
But according to homeopathic theory, molecules of the active ingredient don’t have to be present in the remedy to provide therapeutic value. In fact, more diluted remedies are considered more potent.
Oscillococcinum is the most popular over-the-counter (OTC) product for the flu in France and is one of the most popular homeopathic products on the market.
The Health Benefits of Oscillococcinum
A 2014 meta-analysis of 15 studies found no significant benefit to taking echinacea for the prevention of colds. It may, however, provide a slight benefit in treating symptoms.
There are several types of echinacea, includingEchinacea purpurea,Echinacea Angustifolia, andEchinacea pallida.The above-ground parts (the leaves, flowers, and stems) ofEchinacea purpureahave the best supporting evidence.
One study tested two different doses ofEchinacea purpurea(450 mg and 900 mg) and found that the higher dose was significantly better than a placebo at reducing the severity of flu symptoms on days three and four.
Herbalists often recommend taking echinacea every two to three hours with a total daily dose of three or more grams per day at the first sign of symptoms. After several days, the dose is usually reduced and continued for the following week.
Echinacea is also an ingredient inAirborne, an OTC immune support supplement containing vitamins and herbs.
Although there are many types of ginseng, one cultivated in North America calledPanax quinquefolius(North American ginseng) has become popular as a remedy for colds and flu. Compounds called polysaccharides and ginsenosides are thought to be the active components in ginseng.
There are some concerns regarding the use of ginseng, including that it may reduce the effectiveness of certain medications and is thought to have estrogen-like properties (problematic for those with hormone-related conditions).People with heart conditions, schizophrenia, or diabetes shouldn’t take ginseng root unless under a healthcare provider’s supervision.
Ginseng can be found in the OTC cold medicine, Cold-fX. The manufacturer claims that because its product isn’t a whole-plant extract but contains a certain compound found in ginseng, it doesn’t have the side effects and safety concerns commonly associated with ginseng. Although that’s possible, there isn’t published safety data confirming these claims.
What to Know Before Taking American Ginseng
Oral zinc may reduce the length and severity of a cold but has not been shown to be effective against the flu.
Zinc is found in various foods, including lentils. As an over-the-counter medication,zincis available in two forms:
A 2015 analysis of clinical trials found that oral zinc helps to reduce the length of colds when taken within 24 hours after symptoms start.
The study authors commented that zinc lozenges have been widely studied at a dose of ≥ 75 milligrams per day. They also noted that for those considering using zinc, it would be best to use it at this dose throughout the cold.
Oral zinc can cause side effects, including nausea and gastrointestinal symptoms. Long-term use of zinc, especially in high doses, can cause copper deficiency.
Zinc may also interact with drugs, including antibiotics and penicillamine (a drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis), so always talk with your healthcare provider before taking a zinc supplement.
Intranasal zincIntranasal zinc has been linked to a severe side effect—irreversible loss of the sense of smell—and should not be used.
Intranasal zinc
Intranasal zinc has been linked to a severe side effect—irreversible loss of the sense of smell—and should not be used.
Like zinc, vitamin C has no effect on the flu. It may reduce the length and severity of cold symptoms slightly but does not prevent colds.
A 2013 review of scientific literature found that takingvitamin Cregularly (before getting a cold) was linked to small improvements in cold symptoms. However, in studies where people took vitamin C only after they got a cold, vitamin C did not improve their symptoms.
Green teacontains high levels of naturalpolyphenolsandantioxidantscalled catechins. These compounds provide health benefits that may include preventing or reducing flu symptoms.
A review found a few studies that suggest tea catechins may have a preventive effect on the flu and common cold, the researchers noted that the number of studies is limited.These studies provided tea catechins either in the form of green tea (1 to 5 cups/day) or in capsule form.
Since green tea is low in caffeine, doesn’t pose any harm, and can provide much-needed fluids when people are sick, it’s a reasonable remedy to consider.
If your flu symptoms include cough and congestion, topical ointments may be helpful. One study found vapor rub containing camphor, menthol, and eucalyptus oil applied to the neck and chest reduced nighttime cough and improved sleep in children and adults.
However, the study authors also cautioned that some study participants experienced side effects, such as a burning sensation to the skin (28%), nose (14%), and eyes (16%). Rash and redness of skin each occurred in 5% of people using vapor rub.
Natural Flu Prevention Tips
The best defense is a good offense. Do what you can toprotect yourself from the flu, including getting yourannual flu vaccine.
Natural prevention strategies can also go a long way in helping protect you from the influenza virus:
If you are pregnant, 65 years or older, or are at high risk of flu-related complications, you should talk with a healthcare provider right away.Other reasons to contact a healthcare provider include:
Note that this list is not all-inclusive. You should see a healthcare provider for any symptom that is severe or concerning.
If symptoms of pneumonia develop at any time, such as high fever, severe cough, phlegm, or sharp pains when breathing, seek immediate medical attention.
Summary
Talk to a healthcare provider if you are concerned about any symptoms, if symptoms get worse, or if symptoms don’t improve after 10 days.
25 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Caring for someone sick.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Treating flu with antiviral drugs.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.People at increased risk for flu complications.Krawitz C, Mraheil MA, Stein M, et al.Inhibitory activity of a standardized elderberry liquid extract against clinically-relevant human respiratory bacterial pathogens and influenza A and B viruses.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2011;11:16. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-11-16Hawkins J, Baker C, Cherry L, Dunne E.Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials.Complement Ther Med. 2019;42:361-365. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.004Senica M, Stampar F, Veberic R, Mikulic-Petkovsek M.The higher the better? Differences in phenolics and cyanogenic glycosides in Sambucus nigra leaves, flowers and berries from different altitudes.J Sci Food Agric. 2016;97(8):2623-2632. doi:10.1002/jsfa.8085National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Homeopathy: what you need to know.Signore RJ.Prevention of poison ivy dermatitis with oral homeopathic Rhus toxicodendron.Dermatology Online Journal. 2017;23(1). doi:10.5070/D3231033686Mathie RT, Frye J, Fisher P.Homeopathic Oscillococcinum® for preventing and treating influenza and influenza-like illness.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;1:CD001957. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001957.pub6National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Echinacea.Karsch-völk M, Barrett B, Kiefer D, Bauer R, Ardjomand-woelkart K, Linde K.Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(2):CD000530. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000530.pub3Kim JH, Yi YS, Kim MY, Cho JY.Role of ginsenosides, the main active components of, in inflammatory responses and diseases.J Ginseng Res. 2017;41(4):435-443. doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2016.08.004Seida JK, Durec T, Kuhle S.North American (Panax quinquefolius) and Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) preparations for prevention of the common cold in healthy adults: a systematic review.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:282151. doi:10.1093/ecam/nep068MedlinePlus.American ginseng.Chua YT, Ang XL, Zhong XM, Khoo KS.Interaction between warfarin and Chinese herbal medicines.Singapore Med J. 2015;56(1):11–8. doi:10.11622/smedj.2015004National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.5 tips: Natural products for the flu and colds: What does the science say?Singh M, Das RR. WITHDRAWN:Zinc for the common cold.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(4):CD001364. Published 2015 Apr 30. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001364.pub5Hemilä H, Chalker E.Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;2013(1):CD000980. Published 2013 Jan 31. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4Furushima D, Ide K, Yamada H.Effect of tea catechins on influenza infection and the common cold with a focus on epidemiological/clinical studies.Molecules. 2018 Jul 20;23(7):1795. doi:10.3390/molecules23071795Allan GM, Arroll B.Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence.CMAJ. 2014 Feb 18;186(3):190-9. doi:10.1503/cmaj.121442Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Preventing seasonal flu.Garbarino S, Lanteri P, Bragazzi NL, Magnavita N, Scoditti E.Role of sleep deprivation in immune-related disease risk and outcomes.Commun Biol. 2021 Nov 18;4(1):1304. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02825-4Simpson RJ, Campbell JP, Gleeson M, Krüger K, Nieman DC, Pyne DB, Turner JE, Walsh NP.Can exercise affect immune function to increase susceptibility to infection?Exerc Immunol Rev. 2020;26:8-22. PMID: 32139352.Penn Medicine.6 signs you have a weakened immune system.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Manage common cold.
25 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Caring for someone sick.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Treating flu with antiviral drugs.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.People at increased risk for flu complications.Krawitz C, Mraheil MA, Stein M, et al.Inhibitory activity of a standardized elderberry liquid extract against clinically-relevant human respiratory bacterial pathogens and influenza A and B viruses.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2011;11:16. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-11-16Hawkins J, Baker C, Cherry L, Dunne E.Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials.Complement Ther Med. 2019;42:361-365. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.004Senica M, Stampar F, Veberic R, Mikulic-Petkovsek M.The higher the better? Differences in phenolics and cyanogenic glycosides in Sambucus nigra leaves, flowers and berries from different altitudes.J Sci Food Agric. 2016;97(8):2623-2632. doi:10.1002/jsfa.8085National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Homeopathy: what you need to know.Signore RJ.Prevention of poison ivy dermatitis with oral homeopathic Rhus toxicodendron.Dermatology Online Journal. 2017;23(1). doi:10.5070/D3231033686Mathie RT, Frye J, Fisher P.Homeopathic Oscillococcinum® for preventing and treating influenza and influenza-like illness.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;1:CD001957. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001957.pub6National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Echinacea.Karsch-völk M, Barrett B, Kiefer D, Bauer R, Ardjomand-woelkart K, Linde K.Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(2):CD000530. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000530.pub3Kim JH, Yi YS, Kim MY, Cho JY.Role of ginsenosides, the main active components of, in inflammatory responses and diseases.J Ginseng Res. 2017;41(4):435-443. doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2016.08.004Seida JK, Durec T, Kuhle S.North American (Panax quinquefolius) and Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) preparations for prevention of the common cold in healthy adults: a systematic review.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:282151. doi:10.1093/ecam/nep068MedlinePlus.American ginseng.Chua YT, Ang XL, Zhong XM, Khoo KS.Interaction between warfarin and Chinese herbal medicines.Singapore Med J. 2015;56(1):11–8. doi:10.11622/smedj.2015004National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.5 tips: Natural products for the flu and colds: What does the science say?Singh M, Das RR. WITHDRAWN:Zinc for the common cold.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(4):CD001364. Published 2015 Apr 30. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001364.pub5Hemilä H, Chalker E.Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;2013(1):CD000980. Published 2013 Jan 31. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4Furushima D, Ide K, Yamada H.Effect of tea catechins on influenza infection and the common cold with a focus on epidemiological/clinical studies.Molecules. 2018 Jul 20;23(7):1795. doi:10.3390/molecules23071795Allan GM, Arroll B.Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence.CMAJ. 2014 Feb 18;186(3):190-9. doi:10.1503/cmaj.121442Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Preventing seasonal flu.Garbarino S, Lanteri P, Bragazzi NL, Magnavita N, Scoditti E.Role of sleep deprivation in immune-related disease risk and outcomes.Commun Biol. 2021 Nov 18;4(1):1304. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02825-4Simpson RJ, Campbell JP, Gleeson M, Krüger K, Nieman DC, Pyne DB, Turner JE, Walsh NP.Can exercise affect immune function to increase susceptibility to infection?Exerc Immunol Rev. 2020;26:8-22. PMID: 32139352.Penn Medicine.6 signs you have a weakened immune system.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Manage common cold.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Caring for someone sick.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Treating flu with antiviral drugs.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.People at increased risk for flu complications.Krawitz C, Mraheil MA, Stein M, et al.Inhibitory activity of a standardized elderberry liquid extract against clinically-relevant human respiratory bacterial pathogens and influenza A and B viruses.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2011;11:16. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-11-16Hawkins J, Baker C, Cherry L, Dunne E.Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials.Complement Ther Med. 2019;42:361-365. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.004Senica M, Stampar F, Veberic R, Mikulic-Petkovsek M.The higher the better? Differences in phenolics and cyanogenic glycosides in Sambucus nigra leaves, flowers and berries from different altitudes.J Sci Food Agric. 2016;97(8):2623-2632. doi:10.1002/jsfa.8085National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Homeopathy: what you need to know.Signore RJ.Prevention of poison ivy dermatitis with oral homeopathic Rhus toxicodendron.Dermatology Online Journal. 2017;23(1). doi:10.5070/D3231033686Mathie RT, Frye J, Fisher P.Homeopathic Oscillococcinum® for preventing and treating influenza and influenza-like illness.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;1:CD001957. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001957.pub6National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Echinacea.Karsch-völk M, Barrett B, Kiefer D, Bauer R, Ardjomand-woelkart K, Linde K.Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(2):CD000530. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000530.pub3Kim JH, Yi YS, Kim MY, Cho JY.Role of ginsenosides, the main active components of, in inflammatory responses and diseases.J Ginseng Res. 2017;41(4):435-443. doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2016.08.004Seida JK, Durec T, Kuhle S.North American (Panax quinquefolius) and Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) preparations for prevention of the common cold in healthy adults: a systematic review.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:282151. doi:10.1093/ecam/nep068MedlinePlus.American ginseng.Chua YT, Ang XL, Zhong XM, Khoo KS.Interaction between warfarin and Chinese herbal medicines.Singapore Med J. 2015;56(1):11–8. doi:10.11622/smedj.2015004National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.5 tips: Natural products for the flu and colds: What does the science say?Singh M, Das RR. WITHDRAWN:Zinc for the common cold.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(4):CD001364. Published 2015 Apr 30. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001364.pub5Hemilä H, Chalker E.Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;2013(1):CD000980. Published 2013 Jan 31. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4Furushima D, Ide K, Yamada H.Effect of tea catechins on influenza infection and the common cold with a focus on epidemiological/clinical studies.Molecules. 2018 Jul 20;23(7):1795. doi:10.3390/molecules23071795Allan GM, Arroll B.Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence.CMAJ. 2014 Feb 18;186(3):190-9. doi:10.1503/cmaj.121442Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Preventing seasonal flu.Garbarino S, Lanteri P, Bragazzi NL, Magnavita N, Scoditti E.Role of sleep deprivation in immune-related disease risk and outcomes.Commun Biol. 2021 Nov 18;4(1):1304. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02825-4Simpson RJ, Campbell JP, Gleeson M, Krüger K, Nieman DC, Pyne DB, Turner JE, Walsh NP.Can exercise affect immune function to increase susceptibility to infection?Exerc Immunol Rev. 2020;26:8-22. PMID: 32139352.Penn Medicine.6 signs you have a weakened immune system.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Manage common cold.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Caring for someone sick.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Treating flu with antiviral drugs.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.People at increased risk for flu complications.
Krawitz C, Mraheil MA, Stein M, et al.Inhibitory activity of a standardized elderberry liquid extract against clinically-relevant human respiratory bacterial pathogens and influenza A and B viruses.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2011;11:16. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-11-16
Hawkins J, Baker C, Cherry L, Dunne E.Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials.Complement Ther Med. 2019;42:361-365. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.004
Senica M, Stampar F, Veberic R, Mikulic-Petkovsek M.The higher the better? Differences in phenolics and cyanogenic glycosides in Sambucus nigra leaves, flowers and berries from different altitudes.J Sci Food Agric. 2016;97(8):2623-2632. doi:10.1002/jsfa.8085
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Homeopathy: what you need to know.
Signore RJ.Prevention of poison ivy dermatitis with oral homeopathic Rhus toxicodendron.Dermatology Online Journal. 2017;23(1). doi:10.5070/D3231033686
Mathie RT, Frye J, Fisher P.Homeopathic Oscillococcinum® for preventing and treating influenza and influenza-like illness.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;1:CD001957. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001957.pub6
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Echinacea.
Karsch-völk M, Barrett B, Kiefer D, Bauer R, Ardjomand-woelkart K, Linde K.Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(2):CD000530. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000530.pub3
Kim JH, Yi YS, Kim MY, Cho JY.Role of ginsenosides, the main active components of, in inflammatory responses and diseases.J Ginseng Res. 2017;41(4):435-443. doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2016.08.004
Seida JK, Durec T, Kuhle S.North American (Panax quinquefolius) and Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) preparations for prevention of the common cold in healthy adults: a systematic review.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:282151. doi:10.1093/ecam/nep068
MedlinePlus.American ginseng.
Chua YT, Ang XL, Zhong XM, Khoo KS.Interaction between warfarin and Chinese herbal medicines.Singapore Med J. 2015;56(1):11–8. doi:10.11622/smedj.2015004
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.5 tips: Natural products for the flu and colds: What does the science say?
Singh M, Das RR. WITHDRAWN:Zinc for the common cold.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(4):CD001364. Published 2015 Apr 30. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001364.pub5
Hemilä H, Chalker E.Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;2013(1):CD000980. Published 2013 Jan 31. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4
Furushima D, Ide K, Yamada H.Effect of tea catechins on influenza infection and the common cold with a focus on epidemiological/clinical studies.Molecules. 2018 Jul 20;23(7):1795. doi:10.3390/molecules23071795
Allan GM, Arroll B.Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence.CMAJ. 2014 Feb 18;186(3):190-9. doi:10.1503/cmaj.121442
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Preventing seasonal flu.
Garbarino S, Lanteri P, Bragazzi NL, Magnavita N, Scoditti E.Role of sleep deprivation in immune-related disease risk and outcomes.Commun Biol. 2021 Nov 18;4(1):1304. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02825-4
Simpson RJ, Campbell JP, Gleeson M, Krüger K, Nieman DC, Pyne DB, Turner JE, Walsh NP.Can exercise affect immune function to increase susceptibility to infection?Exerc Immunol Rev. 2020;26:8-22. PMID: 32139352.
Penn Medicine.6 signs you have a weakened immune system.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Manage common cold.
Meet Our Medical Expert Board
Share Feedback
Was this page helpful?Thanks for your feedback!What is your feedback?OtherHelpfulReport an ErrorSubmit
Was this page helpful?
Thanks for your feedback!
What is your feedback?OtherHelpfulReport an ErrorSubmit
What is your feedback?
