Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsImproves Blood SugarFights InflammationPromotes Weight LossIncreases HGH SecretionMay Boost Heart HealthMay Aid Brain FunctionMay Help Prevent CancerMay Extend LifespanHow to Fast SafelyPotential Side Effects
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Improves Blood Sugar
Fights Inflammation
Promotes Weight Loss
Increases HGH Secretion
May Boost Heart Health
May Aid Brain Function
May Help Prevent Cancer
May Extend Lifespan
How to Fast Safely
Potential Side Effects
Fasting is an eating plan that involves limiting or abstaining from food or sometimes drinking.Intermittent fasting, which involves cycling between periods of eating and fasting, has recently grown in popularity.
Thoughfastingmay not be suitable for everyone, it does have the potential to provide several health benefits.
Olga Rolenko / Getty Images
1. Improves Blood Sugar Control
Research suggests thatintermittent fastingcan improveblood sugar controlin people with diabetes and those at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In one study, people withprediabetesexperienced a significant reduction in bothblood glucose(sugar) andtriglyceride(a type of fat) levels after a period of intermittent fasting.
Another study showed that 90% of participants reduced their diabetes medication, with more than half going into diabetes remission after intermittent fasting for three months.
2. Fights Inflammation
Fasting also appears to reduce overall levels of chronic inflammation. This, in turn, boosts immune system function and helps lower the risk of developing certain chronic diseases.
In one review, intermittent fasting significantly reduced levels of a keyinflammation markerin the bloodstream.Another study found that people who intermittently fasted for a year experienced reduced inflammation levels and heart disease risk factors compared to those who didn’t.Research also shows continuous resistance (strength) training can reduce inflammation.
3. Promotes Weight Loss
Intermittent fasting allows the body to consume fewer calories, burn fat stores for energy, and potentially influence hunger hormones to boost feelings of fullness.
One review found that people who followed this eating pattern lost about 7 to 11 pounds over 10 weeks.Other research shows that following a fasting regimen for two to 26 weeks resulted in a baseline weight loss ranging from 0.8% to 13%.
4. Increases Growth Hormone Secretion
Fasting increases levels ofhuman growth hormone (HGH), a key protein that supports growth, weight management, metabolism, andmuscle strength. Studies suggest that HGH levels may increase drastically with just a 24-hour intermittent fast and could even increase tenfold with a slightly longer 37.5-hour fast.
5. May Boost Heart Health
Research found that fasting on alternate days helped lower total cholesterol levels and certain heart disease risk factors in people with excess weight.Another study showed that this practice decreased blood pressure, total cholesterol, andlow-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, making it a solid strategy for improving heart disease risk factors in people with obesity or average weight.
However, more long-term research on humans is necessary to explore whether fasting can be recommended to reduce the risk of heart disease.
6. May Aid Brain Function and Prevent Neurodegenerative Disorders
More clinical evidence in humans would be required to back these claims.
7. May Help Prevent Cancer
Fasting methods may lead to weight loss and improvedmetabolic function, which may help lower the risk of developing diseases like diabetes and certain types ofcancer.
Experts believe fasting could improve lifestyle risk factors like diet, leading to effective weight management and potentially better cancer prevention efforts and outcomes.
However, most of this research has been done in animals, so additional clinical trials are necessary to solidify this theory in humans.
8. May Extend Lifespan
Some researchers have preliminarily linked these fasting methods to positive impacts onlifespanand the length of time that a person maintains good health throughout their lifetime (known as healthspan). This practice can help lower risk factors for age-related chronic diseases and supportimmune system function,gut bacterial environment, and anti-aging processes.However, more research is necessary to confirm these benefits.
Experts recommend several tips for fasting safely and mindfully. Consider the following steps to help support you in your fasting journey:
Always check with a healthcare provider before starting any new eating patterns like fasting, especially if you have an underlying health condition.
A Word From VerywellIf you want to try intermittent fasting and are on diabetes and/or blood pressure medication, speak with a healthcare provider about any dietary changes as medications may need to change.—ASHLEY BAUMOHL, RD, MEDICAL EXPERT BOARD
A Word From Verywell
If you want to try intermittent fasting and are on diabetes and/or blood pressure medication, speak with a healthcare provider about any dietary changes as medications may need to change.—ASHLEY BAUMOHL, RD, MEDICAL EXPERT BOARD
If you want to try intermittent fasting and are on diabetes and/or blood pressure medication, speak with a healthcare provider about any dietary changes as medications may need to change.
—ASHLEY BAUMOHL, RD, MEDICAL EXPERT BOARD
Experts consider intermittent fasting (done properly) to be generally safe. That said, there are a few potential side effects to be aware of, such as:
Research suggests that longer fasting periods are more likely to trigger significant side effects, like dizziness or extreme hunger.
In addition, some people are advised to avoid fasting altogether, including:
Summary
Fasting, or abstaining from food and sometimes drink, is a longstanding dietary pattern that has gained additional mainstream popularity. Research shows that fasting may support weight loss, lower blood sugar levels, and reduce the risk of developing certain chronic diseases. However, additional studies are necessary to fully confirm these findings.
If you’re interested in trying intermittent fasting, talk to a healthcare provider first to ensure it’s safe for you and your health.
33 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Attinà A, Leggeri C, Paroni R, et al.Fasting: how to guide.Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1570. doi:10.3390/nu13051570Chair SY, Cai H, Cao X, et al.Intermittent fasting in weight loss and cardiometabolic risk reduction: a randomized controlled trial.J Nurs Res. 2022;30(1):e185. doi:10.1097/jnr.0000000000000469Yang X, Zhou J, Shao H, et al.Effect of an intermittent calorie-restricted diet on type 2 diabetes remission: a randomized controlled trial.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;108(6):1415-1424. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac661Harvard Health Publishing.Not so fast: pros and cons of the newest diet trend.Wang X, Yang Q, Liao Q et al.Effects of intermittent fasting diets on plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutrition.2020;79-80:110974. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2020.110974Moro T, Tinsley G, Pacelli FQ, et al.Twelve months of time-restricted eating and resistance training improves inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic risk factors.Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021;53(12):2577-2585. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002738Mulas A, Cienfuegos S, Ezpeleta M, et al.Effect of intermittent fasting on circulating inflammatory markers in obesity: a review of human trials.Frontiers in Nutrition,10, 1146924. doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1146924Tacad DKM, Tovar AP, Richardson CE, et al.Satiety associated with calorie restriction and time-restricted feeding: peripheral hormones.Adv Nutr. 2022;13(3):792-820. doi:10.1093/advances/nmac014Zhang Q, Zhang C, Wang H, et al.Intermittent fasting versus continuous calorie restriction: which is better for weight loss?Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1781. doi:10.3390/nu14091781Wang Y, Wu R.The effect of fasting on human metabolism and psychological health.Dis Markers. 2022;2022:5653739. doi:10.1155/2022/5653739Seimon RV, Roekenes JA, Zibellini J, et al.Do intermittent diets provide physiological benefits over continuous diets for weight loss? A systematic review of clinical trials.Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2015;418 Pt 2:153-172. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2015.09.014Welton S, Minty R, O’Driscoll T, et al.Intermittent fasting and weight loss.Can Fam Physician. 2020;66(2):117-125.Kim BH, Joo Y, Kim MS, et al.Effects of intermittent fasting on the circulating levels and circadian rhythms of hormones.Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2021;36(4):745-756. doi:10.3803/EnM.2021.405Hollstein T, Basolo A, Unlu Y, et al.Effects of short-term fasting on ghrelin/GH/IGF-1 axis in healthy humans: the role of ghrelin in the thrifty phenotype.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(9):e3769-e3780. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac353Park J, Seo YG, Paek YJ, et al.Effect of alternate-day fasting on obesity and cardiometabolic risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Metabolism.2020;111:154336. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.Cui Y, Cai T, Zhou Z, et al.Health effects of alternate-day fasting in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Front Nutr. 2020;7:586036. doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.586036Grajower MM, Horne BD.Clinical management of intermittent fasting in patients with diabetes mellitus.Nutrients. 2019;11(4). doi:10.3390/nu11040873Shin BK, Kang S, Kim DS, Park S.Intermittent fasting protects against the deterioration of cognitive function, energy metabolism and dyslipidemia in Alzheimer’s disease-induced estrogen deficient rats.Exp Biol Med (Maywood).2018;243(4):334-343. doi:10.1177/1535370217751610.Nasaruddin ML, Syed Abd Halim SA, Kamaruzzaman MA.Studying the relationship of intermittent fasting and β-Amyloid in animal model of Alzheimer’s disease: a scoping review.Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3215. doi:10.3390/nu1210321Nowosad K, Sujka M.Effect of various types of intermittent fasting (IF) on weight loss and improvement of diabetic parameters in human.Curr Nutr Rep. 2021;10(2):146-154. doi:10.1007/s13668-021-00353-5Harris L, Hamilton S, Azevedo LB, et al.Intermittent fasting interventions for treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2018;16(2):507-547. doi:10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-003248Clifton KK, Ma CX, Fontana L, Peterson LL.Intermittent fasting in the prevention and treatment of cancer.CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(6):527-546. doi:10.3322/caac.21694Antoni R, Johnston KL, Collins AL, Robertson MD.Effects of intermittent fasting on glucose and lipid metabolism.Proc Nutr Soc. 2017;76(3):361-368. doi:10.1017/S0029665116002986Lilja S, Stoll C, Krammer U, et al.Five days periodic fasting elevates levels of longevity relatedChristensenellaand sirtuin expression in humans.Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(5):2331. doi:10.3390/ijms22052331Longo VD, Di Tano M, Mattson MP, Guidi N.Intermittent and periodic fasting, longevity and disease.Nat Aging.2021;1(1):47-59. doi:10.1038/s43587-020-00013-3NIH News in Health.To fast or not to fast.Shalabi H, Hassan AS, Al-Zahrani FA, et al.Intermittent fasting: benefits, side effects, quality of life, and knowledge of the Saudi population.Cureus. 2023;15(2):e34722. doi:10.7759/cureus.34722National Institute on Aging.Research on intermittent fasting shows health benefits.Tiwari S, Sapkota N, Han Z.Effect of fasting on cancer: a narrative review of scientific evidence.Cancer Sci.doi:10.1111/cas.15492.Finnell JS, Saul BC, Goldhamer AC, Myers TR.Is fasting safe? A chart review of adverse events during medically supervised, water-only fasting.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018;18(1):67. doi:10.1186/s12906-018-2136-6Phillips MCL.Fasting as a therapy in neurological disease.Nutrients. 2019; 11(10): 2501. doi:10.3390/nu11102501Soliman G.Intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating role in dietary interventions and precision nutrition.Front Public Health. 2022;10:1017254. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1017254Li Z, Heber D.Intermittent fasting.JAMA. 2021;326(13):1338. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.15140
33 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Attinà A, Leggeri C, Paroni R, et al.Fasting: how to guide.Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1570. doi:10.3390/nu13051570Chair SY, Cai H, Cao X, et al.Intermittent fasting in weight loss and cardiometabolic risk reduction: a randomized controlled trial.J Nurs Res. 2022;30(1):e185. doi:10.1097/jnr.0000000000000469Yang X, Zhou J, Shao H, et al.Effect of an intermittent calorie-restricted diet on type 2 diabetes remission: a randomized controlled trial.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;108(6):1415-1424. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac661Harvard Health Publishing.Not so fast: pros and cons of the newest diet trend.Wang X, Yang Q, Liao Q et al.Effects of intermittent fasting diets on plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutrition.2020;79-80:110974. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2020.110974Moro T, Tinsley G, Pacelli FQ, et al.Twelve months of time-restricted eating and resistance training improves inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic risk factors.Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021;53(12):2577-2585. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002738Mulas A, Cienfuegos S, Ezpeleta M, et al.Effect of intermittent fasting on circulating inflammatory markers in obesity: a review of human trials.Frontiers in Nutrition,10, 1146924. doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1146924Tacad DKM, Tovar AP, Richardson CE, et al.Satiety associated with calorie restriction and time-restricted feeding: peripheral hormones.Adv Nutr. 2022;13(3):792-820. doi:10.1093/advances/nmac014Zhang Q, Zhang C, Wang H, et al.Intermittent fasting versus continuous calorie restriction: which is better for weight loss?Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1781. doi:10.3390/nu14091781Wang Y, Wu R.The effect of fasting on human metabolism and psychological health.Dis Markers. 2022;2022:5653739. doi:10.1155/2022/5653739Seimon RV, Roekenes JA, Zibellini J, et al.Do intermittent diets provide physiological benefits over continuous diets for weight loss? A systematic review of clinical trials.Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2015;418 Pt 2:153-172. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2015.09.014Welton S, Minty R, O’Driscoll T, et al.Intermittent fasting and weight loss.Can Fam Physician. 2020;66(2):117-125.Kim BH, Joo Y, Kim MS, et al.Effects of intermittent fasting on the circulating levels and circadian rhythms of hormones.Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2021;36(4):745-756. doi:10.3803/EnM.2021.405Hollstein T, Basolo A, Unlu Y, et al.Effects of short-term fasting on ghrelin/GH/IGF-1 axis in healthy humans: the role of ghrelin in the thrifty phenotype.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(9):e3769-e3780. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac353Park J, Seo YG, Paek YJ, et al.Effect of alternate-day fasting on obesity and cardiometabolic risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Metabolism.2020;111:154336. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.Cui Y, Cai T, Zhou Z, et al.Health effects of alternate-day fasting in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Front Nutr. 2020;7:586036. doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.586036Grajower MM, Horne BD.Clinical management of intermittent fasting in patients with diabetes mellitus.Nutrients. 2019;11(4). doi:10.3390/nu11040873Shin BK, Kang S, Kim DS, Park S.Intermittent fasting protects against the deterioration of cognitive function, energy metabolism and dyslipidemia in Alzheimer’s disease-induced estrogen deficient rats.Exp Biol Med (Maywood).2018;243(4):334-343. doi:10.1177/1535370217751610.Nasaruddin ML, Syed Abd Halim SA, Kamaruzzaman MA.Studying the relationship of intermittent fasting and β-Amyloid in animal model of Alzheimer’s disease: a scoping review.Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3215. doi:10.3390/nu1210321Nowosad K, Sujka M.Effect of various types of intermittent fasting (IF) on weight loss and improvement of diabetic parameters in human.Curr Nutr Rep. 2021;10(2):146-154. doi:10.1007/s13668-021-00353-5Harris L, Hamilton S, Azevedo LB, et al.Intermittent fasting interventions for treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2018;16(2):507-547. doi:10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-003248Clifton KK, Ma CX, Fontana L, Peterson LL.Intermittent fasting in the prevention and treatment of cancer.CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(6):527-546. doi:10.3322/caac.21694Antoni R, Johnston KL, Collins AL, Robertson MD.Effects of intermittent fasting on glucose and lipid metabolism.Proc Nutr Soc. 2017;76(3):361-368. doi:10.1017/S0029665116002986Lilja S, Stoll C, Krammer U, et al.Five days periodic fasting elevates levels of longevity relatedChristensenellaand sirtuin expression in humans.Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(5):2331. doi:10.3390/ijms22052331Longo VD, Di Tano M, Mattson MP, Guidi N.Intermittent and periodic fasting, longevity and disease.Nat Aging.2021;1(1):47-59. doi:10.1038/s43587-020-00013-3NIH News in Health.To fast or not to fast.Shalabi H, Hassan AS, Al-Zahrani FA, et al.Intermittent fasting: benefits, side effects, quality of life, and knowledge of the Saudi population.Cureus. 2023;15(2):e34722. doi:10.7759/cureus.34722National Institute on Aging.Research on intermittent fasting shows health benefits.Tiwari S, Sapkota N, Han Z.Effect of fasting on cancer: a narrative review of scientific evidence.Cancer Sci.doi:10.1111/cas.15492.Finnell JS, Saul BC, Goldhamer AC, Myers TR.Is fasting safe? A chart review of adverse events during medically supervised, water-only fasting.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018;18(1):67. doi:10.1186/s12906-018-2136-6Phillips MCL.Fasting as a therapy in neurological disease.Nutrients. 2019; 11(10): 2501. doi:10.3390/nu11102501Soliman G.Intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating role in dietary interventions and precision nutrition.Front Public Health. 2022;10:1017254. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1017254Li Z, Heber D.Intermittent fasting.JAMA. 2021;326(13):1338. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.15140
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Attinà A, Leggeri C, Paroni R, et al.Fasting: how to guide.Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1570. doi:10.3390/nu13051570Chair SY, Cai H, Cao X, et al.Intermittent fasting in weight loss and cardiometabolic risk reduction: a randomized controlled trial.J Nurs Res. 2022;30(1):e185. doi:10.1097/jnr.0000000000000469Yang X, Zhou J, Shao H, et al.Effect of an intermittent calorie-restricted diet on type 2 diabetes remission: a randomized controlled trial.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;108(6):1415-1424. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac661Harvard Health Publishing.Not so fast: pros and cons of the newest diet trend.Wang X, Yang Q, Liao Q et al.Effects of intermittent fasting diets on plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutrition.2020;79-80:110974. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2020.110974Moro T, Tinsley G, Pacelli FQ, et al.Twelve months of time-restricted eating and resistance training improves inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic risk factors.Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021;53(12):2577-2585. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002738Mulas A, Cienfuegos S, Ezpeleta M, et al.Effect of intermittent fasting on circulating inflammatory markers in obesity: a review of human trials.Frontiers in Nutrition,10, 1146924. doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1146924Tacad DKM, Tovar AP, Richardson CE, et al.Satiety associated with calorie restriction and time-restricted feeding: peripheral hormones.Adv Nutr. 2022;13(3):792-820. doi:10.1093/advances/nmac014Zhang Q, Zhang C, Wang H, et al.Intermittent fasting versus continuous calorie restriction: which is better for weight loss?Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1781. doi:10.3390/nu14091781Wang Y, Wu R.The effect of fasting on human metabolism and psychological health.Dis Markers. 2022;2022:5653739. doi:10.1155/2022/5653739Seimon RV, Roekenes JA, Zibellini J, et al.Do intermittent diets provide physiological benefits over continuous diets for weight loss? A systematic review of clinical trials.Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2015;418 Pt 2:153-172. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2015.09.014Welton S, Minty R, O’Driscoll T, et al.Intermittent fasting and weight loss.Can Fam Physician. 2020;66(2):117-125.Kim BH, Joo Y, Kim MS, et al.Effects of intermittent fasting on the circulating levels and circadian rhythms of hormones.Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2021;36(4):745-756. doi:10.3803/EnM.2021.405Hollstein T, Basolo A, Unlu Y, et al.Effects of short-term fasting on ghrelin/GH/IGF-1 axis in healthy humans: the role of ghrelin in the thrifty phenotype.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(9):e3769-e3780. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac353Park J, Seo YG, Paek YJ, et al.Effect of alternate-day fasting on obesity and cardiometabolic risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Metabolism.2020;111:154336. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.Cui Y, Cai T, Zhou Z, et al.Health effects of alternate-day fasting in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Front Nutr. 2020;7:586036. doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.586036Grajower MM, Horne BD.Clinical management of intermittent fasting in patients with diabetes mellitus.Nutrients. 2019;11(4). doi:10.3390/nu11040873Shin BK, Kang S, Kim DS, Park S.Intermittent fasting protects against the deterioration of cognitive function, energy metabolism and dyslipidemia in Alzheimer’s disease-induced estrogen deficient rats.Exp Biol Med (Maywood).2018;243(4):334-343. doi:10.1177/1535370217751610.Nasaruddin ML, Syed Abd Halim SA, Kamaruzzaman MA.Studying the relationship of intermittent fasting and β-Amyloid in animal model of Alzheimer’s disease: a scoping review.Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3215. doi:10.3390/nu1210321Nowosad K, Sujka M.Effect of various types of intermittent fasting (IF) on weight loss and improvement of diabetic parameters in human.Curr Nutr Rep. 2021;10(2):146-154. doi:10.1007/s13668-021-00353-5Harris L, Hamilton S, Azevedo LB, et al.Intermittent fasting interventions for treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2018;16(2):507-547. doi:10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-003248Clifton KK, Ma CX, Fontana L, Peterson LL.Intermittent fasting in the prevention and treatment of cancer.CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(6):527-546. doi:10.3322/caac.21694Antoni R, Johnston KL, Collins AL, Robertson MD.Effects of intermittent fasting on glucose and lipid metabolism.Proc Nutr Soc. 2017;76(3):361-368. doi:10.1017/S0029665116002986Lilja S, Stoll C, Krammer U, et al.Five days periodic fasting elevates levels of longevity relatedChristensenellaand sirtuin expression in humans.Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(5):2331. doi:10.3390/ijms22052331Longo VD, Di Tano M, Mattson MP, Guidi N.Intermittent and periodic fasting, longevity and disease.Nat Aging.2021;1(1):47-59. doi:10.1038/s43587-020-00013-3NIH News in Health.To fast or not to fast.Shalabi H, Hassan AS, Al-Zahrani FA, et al.Intermittent fasting: benefits, side effects, quality of life, and knowledge of the Saudi population.Cureus. 2023;15(2):e34722. doi:10.7759/cureus.34722National Institute on Aging.Research on intermittent fasting shows health benefits.Tiwari S, Sapkota N, Han Z.Effect of fasting on cancer: a narrative review of scientific evidence.Cancer Sci.doi:10.1111/cas.15492.Finnell JS, Saul BC, Goldhamer AC, Myers TR.Is fasting safe? A chart review of adverse events during medically supervised, water-only fasting.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018;18(1):67. doi:10.1186/s12906-018-2136-6Phillips MCL.Fasting as a therapy in neurological disease.Nutrients. 2019; 11(10): 2501. doi:10.3390/nu11102501Soliman G.Intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating role in dietary interventions and precision nutrition.Front Public Health. 2022;10:1017254. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1017254Li Z, Heber D.Intermittent fasting.JAMA. 2021;326(13):1338. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.15140
Attinà A, Leggeri C, Paroni R, et al.Fasting: how to guide.Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1570. doi:10.3390/nu13051570
Chair SY, Cai H, Cao X, et al.Intermittent fasting in weight loss and cardiometabolic risk reduction: a randomized controlled trial.J Nurs Res. 2022;30(1):e185. doi:10.1097/jnr.0000000000000469
Yang X, Zhou J, Shao H, et al.Effect of an intermittent calorie-restricted diet on type 2 diabetes remission: a randomized controlled trial.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;108(6):1415-1424. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac661
Harvard Health Publishing.Not so fast: pros and cons of the newest diet trend.
Wang X, Yang Q, Liao Q et al.Effects of intermittent fasting diets on plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutrition.2020;79-80:110974. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2020.110974
Moro T, Tinsley G, Pacelli FQ, et al.Twelve months of time-restricted eating and resistance training improves inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic risk factors.Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021;53(12):2577-2585. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002738
Mulas A, Cienfuegos S, Ezpeleta M, et al.Effect of intermittent fasting on circulating inflammatory markers in obesity: a review of human trials.Frontiers in Nutrition,10, 1146924. doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1146924
Tacad DKM, Tovar AP, Richardson CE, et al.Satiety associated with calorie restriction and time-restricted feeding: peripheral hormones.Adv Nutr. 2022;13(3):792-820. doi:10.1093/advances/nmac014
Zhang Q, Zhang C, Wang H, et al.Intermittent fasting versus continuous calorie restriction: which is better for weight loss?Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1781. doi:10.3390/nu14091781
Wang Y, Wu R.The effect of fasting on human metabolism and psychological health.Dis Markers. 2022;2022:5653739. doi:10.1155/2022/5653739
Seimon RV, Roekenes JA, Zibellini J, et al.Do intermittent diets provide physiological benefits over continuous diets for weight loss? A systematic review of clinical trials.Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2015;418 Pt 2:153-172. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2015.09.014
Welton S, Minty R, O’Driscoll T, et al.Intermittent fasting and weight loss.Can Fam Physician. 2020;66(2):117-125.
Kim BH, Joo Y, Kim MS, et al.Effects of intermittent fasting on the circulating levels and circadian rhythms of hormones.Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2021;36(4):745-756. doi:10.3803/EnM.2021.405
Hollstein T, Basolo A, Unlu Y, et al.Effects of short-term fasting on ghrelin/GH/IGF-1 axis in healthy humans: the role of ghrelin in the thrifty phenotype.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(9):e3769-e3780. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac353
Park J, Seo YG, Paek YJ, et al.Effect of alternate-day fasting on obesity and cardiometabolic risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Metabolism.2020;111:154336. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.
Cui Y, Cai T, Zhou Z, et al.Health effects of alternate-day fasting in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Front Nutr. 2020;7:586036. doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.586036
Grajower MM, Horne BD.Clinical management of intermittent fasting in patients with diabetes mellitus.Nutrients. 2019;11(4). doi:10.3390/nu11040873
Shin BK, Kang S, Kim DS, Park S.Intermittent fasting protects against the deterioration of cognitive function, energy metabolism and dyslipidemia in Alzheimer’s disease-induced estrogen deficient rats.Exp Biol Med (Maywood).2018;243(4):334-343. doi:10.1177/1535370217751610.
Nasaruddin ML, Syed Abd Halim SA, Kamaruzzaman MA.Studying the relationship of intermittent fasting and β-Amyloid in animal model of Alzheimer’s disease: a scoping review.Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3215. doi:10.3390/nu1210321
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