Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsUveitisObesityMetabolic SyndromeType 2 DiabetesCardiovascular DiseaseOsteoporosisInflammatory Bowel DiseaseMetabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver DiseaseCancer
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Uveitis
Obesity
Metabolic Syndrome
Type 2 Diabetes
Cardiovascular Disease
Osteoporosis
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Cancer
Psoriatic arthritisis a complex disease that mainly affects the joints but that can also cause problems in other parts of the body. Over time, the persistent inflammation may begin to affect the eyes, bones, heart, and liver, and increase the risk of gout, depression, diabetes, and cancer. The widespread effects that are associated with psoriatic arthritis may seem disconnected from what you’re experiencing as the result of your disease right now, but their reality underscores the importance of getting adequate treatment for your psoriatic arthritis.
The risk of health effects may be reduced if thisautoimmune disorderisdiagnosedandtreatedearly.
The following list includes associated comorbid conditions, extra-articular manifestations, and complications of psoriatic arthritis that you should know about.
Uveitis is an extra-articular manifestation of psoriatic arthritis. According to a 2012 review in theAnnals of Brazilian Dermatology, around 7% of people with psoriatic arthritis develop uveitis, leading to eye redness, swelling, blurring, and floaters.
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoDermNet /CC BY-NC-ND
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See Photo
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.
Uveitis is closely linked toblepharitis(eyelid inflammation), a condition caused when psoriatic plaques alter the shape of the eyelid. This can lead to eye dryness and irritation as eyelashes scrape against the eyeball. Both of these symptoms can contribute to the development of uveitis.
Obesityoccurs at a higher rate in people with psoriatic arthritis (27.6%) than the general population (22%). The risk is especially high in those with spinal involvement.
A 2010 study in theArchives of Dermatologyshowed that obesity before the age of 18 increases the risk of psoriatic arthritis and leads to the earlier onset of joint symptoms.
Inflammationaffects blood sugar and metabolism and losing weight may help reduce the risk of psoriatic arthritis. If you already have the disease, attaining a healthy weight may help reduce the frequency or severity ofacute flares.
Metabolic syndromeis a cluster of conditions that includes high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels. Having psoriatic arthritis jumps your risk of metabolic syndrome from 23% to 44%.
Psoriatic inflammation is believed to have a twofold effect on the body. On the one hand, it makes it harder to control blood sugar and blood pressure. On the other, it increases inflammatory proteins calledcytokinesthat alter insulin sensitivity and increase “bad"LDL cholesterollevels. All of these things contribute to weight gain and obesity.
Older age and worsening psoriatic arthritis symptoms are associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. In contrast, the length of time a person has psoriatic arthritis does not affect the risk.
Early, effective treatment of psoriatic arthritis may reduce the risk of diabetes irrespective of all other factors.
DIP Psoriatic Arthritis (DIP PsA) Symptoms and Treatment
This is partly due to the high incidence of metabolic syndrome in people with psoriatic arthritis, but other factors also contribute. Chief among these is the effect that chronic inflammation has on blood vessels, causing arterial walls to stiffen and narrow. This increases the risk ofatherosclerosis, heart attack, and stroke. The risk is highest in people over 70.
There is a close connection betweenosteoporosisand psoriatic arthritis, particularly in postmenopausal women who are already at an increased risk of bone loss. Though psoriatic inflammation is believed to accelerate bone loss, other factors may contribute.
For example, joint pain and stiffness can lead to physical inactivity and weight gain, the latter of which amplifies inflammation. The use ofcorticosteroid drugscan inhibit bone growth, and nutritional deficits can lead tocalciumand vitamin D deficiencies, causing bone thinning. Bone fractures are especially common in older women with psoriatic disease.
A 2015 study inOsteoporosis Internationalconcluded that psoriatic arthritis increases the porosity of cortical bone (the outer surface of bones).
In recent years, scientists have founda close link between psoriatic arthritis and IBD, specificallyCrohn’s diseaseandulcerative colitis. A comprehensive 2018 review published inJAMA Dermatologyconcluded that psoriatic arthritis was associated with a 1.7-fold increased risk of ulcerative colitis and a 2.5-fold increased risk of Crohn’s disease.
The Genetics of Psoriatic Arthritis
People with untreated psoriatic arthritis and MASLD have worse joint symptoms and a higher degree of fibrosis (liver scarring).
Although it is unclear how psoriatic arthritis contributes to the development of cancer, researchers have found patterns in how certain autoimmune diseases increase the risk of blood and/or solid tumor malignancies.
According to a 2016 study published inClinical Rheumatology:
Others contend that each disease has its own type of inflammation. Autoimmune cells and autoantibodies trigger alterations in inflammatory proteins, includingtumor necrosis factor (TNF)and interleukin. Some of these may damage the DNA of skin cells, while others may cause harm to lung cells. This could explain why the risk of breast cancer is high with psoriatic arthritis, but not with psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis.
People with psoriatic arthritis have a 64% increased risk of cancer compared to the general population. However, if the disease is properly controlled, there is no statistical difference in the risk of cancer.
Symptoms of Psoriatic Arthritis
23 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Ni C, Chiu MW.Psoriasis and comorbidities: links and risks. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2014;7:119-32. doi:10.2147/CCID.S44843Mclaughlin M, Ostör A.Early treatment of psoriatic arthritis improves prognosis. Practitioner. 2014;258(1777):21-4, 3.De Azevedo Fraga , De Oliveira M, Follador I, et al.Psoriasis and uveitis: a literature review.An Bras Dermatol.2012 Nov-Dec; 87(6): 87-83. doi:10.1590/S0365-05962012000600009Li CR, Chen L, Wang LF, Yan B, Liang YL, Luo J.Association between uveitis and psoriatic disease: a systematic review and Meta-analysis based on the evidence from cohort studies. Int J Ophthalmol. 2020 Apr 18;13(4):650-659. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2020.04.19Queiro R, Lorenzo A, Tejón P, Coto P, Pardo E.Obesity in psoriatic arthritis: Comparative prevalence and associated factors.Medicine(Baltimore). 2019;98(28):e16400. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000016400Soltani-Arabshahi R, Wong B, Feng B, et al.Obesity in early adulthood as a risk factor for psoriatic arthritis.Arch Dermatol.2010 Jul;146(7):721-6. doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2010.141Klingberg E, Bilberg A, Björkman S, et al.Weight loss improves disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis and obesity: an interventional study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019;21(1):17. doi:10.1186/s13075-019-1810-5Gelfand JM, Yeung H.Metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriatic disease.J Rheumatol Suppl.2012;89:24-8. doi:10.3899/jrheum.120237Baliwag J, Barnes DH, Johnston A.Cytokines in psoriasis. Cytokine. 2015;73(2):342-50. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2014.12.014Armstrong A, Harskamp C, Armstrong E.Psoriasis and the risk of diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.JAMA Dermatol.2013 Jan;149(1):84-91. doi:10.1001/2013.jamadermatol.406Holm JG, Thomsen SF.Type 2 diabetes and psoriasis: links and risks. Psoriasis (Auckl). 2019;9:1-6 doi:10.2147/PTT.S159163Polachek A, Touma Z, Anderson M, Eder L.Risk of Cardiovascular Morbidity in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Arthritis Care Res(Hoboken). 2017;69(1):67-74. doi:10.1002/acr.22926Gulati AM, Michelsen B, Diamantopoulos A, et al.Osteoporosis in psoriatic arthritis: a cross-sectional study of an outpatient clinic population. RMD Open. 2018;4(1):e000631. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000631Al-dhubaibi MS.Association between Vitamin D deficiency and psoriasis: An exploratory study. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2018;12(1):33-9.Zhu T, Griffith J, Qin L, et al.Density, structure, and strength of the distal radius in patients with psoriatic arthritis: the role of inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors.Osteoporos Int. 2015 Jan;26(1):261-72. doi:10.1007/s00198-014-2858-3Schreiber S, Colombel JF, Feagan BG, et al.Incidence rates of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis treated with secukinumab: a retrospective analysis of pooled data from 21 clinical trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78(4):473-479. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214273Fu Y, Lee C, Chi C, et al.Association of Psoriasis With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA Dermatol.2018;154(12):1417-23. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.3631Skroza N, Proietti I, Pampena R, et al. Correlations between psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:983902. doi:10.1155/2013/983902Ganzetti G, Campanati A, Molinelli E, Offidani A.Psoriasis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease: Three different diseases on a unique background. World J Cardiol. 2016;8(2):120-31. doi:10.4330/wjc.v8.i2.120Prussick R, Prussick L, Nussbaum D.Nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease and psoriasis: what a dermatologist needs to know. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2015;8(3):43-5.Wilton KM, Crowson CS, Matteson EL.Malignancy incidence in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a comparison cohort-based incidence study. Clin Rheumatol. 2016;35(10):2603-7. doi:10.1007/s10067-016-3396-5Wilton K, Crowson C, Matteson E.Malignancy Incidence in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: A Comparison Cohort-Based Incidence Study.Clin Rheumatol.2016 Oct;35(10):2603-7. doi:10.1007/s10067-016-3396-5Yuan Y, Qiu J, Lin ZT, et al.Identification of Novel Autoantibodies Associated With Psoriatic Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(6):941-951. doi:10.1002/art.40830
23 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Ni C, Chiu MW.Psoriasis and comorbidities: links and risks. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2014;7:119-32. doi:10.2147/CCID.S44843Mclaughlin M, Ostör A.Early treatment of psoriatic arthritis improves prognosis. Practitioner. 2014;258(1777):21-4, 3.De Azevedo Fraga , De Oliveira M, Follador I, et al.Psoriasis and uveitis: a literature review.An Bras Dermatol.2012 Nov-Dec; 87(6): 87-83. doi:10.1590/S0365-05962012000600009Li CR, Chen L, Wang LF, Yan B, Liang YL, Luo J.Association between uveitis and psoriatic disease: a systematic review and Meta-analysis based on the evidence from cohort studies. Int J Ophthalmol. 2020 Apr 18;13(4):650-659. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2020.04.19Queiro R, Lorenzo A, Tejón P, Coto P, Pardo E.Obesity in psoriatic arthritis: Comparative prevalence and associated factors.Medicine(Baltimore). 2019;98(28):e16400. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000016400Soltani-Arabshahi R, Wong B, Feng B, et al.Obesity in early adulthood as a risk factor for psoriatic arthritis.Arch Dermatol.2010 Jul;146(7):721-6. doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2010.141Klingberg E, Bilberg A, Björkman S, et al.Weight loss improves disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis and obesity: an interventional study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019;21(1):17. doi:10.1186/s13075-019-1810-5Gelfand JM, Yeung H.Metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriatic disease.J Rheumatol Suppl.2012;89:24-8. doi:10.3899/jrheum.120237Baliwag J, Barnes DH, Johnston A.Cytokines in psoriasis. Cytokine. 2015;73(2):342-50. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2014.12.014Armstrong A, Harskamp C, Armstrong E.Psoriasis and the risk of diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.JAMA Dermatol.2013 Jan;149(1):84-91. doi:10.1001/2013.jamadermatol.406Holm JG, Thomsen SF.Type 2 diabetes and psoriasis: links and risks. Psoriasis (Auckl). 2019;9:1-6 doi:10.2147/PTT.S159163Polachek A, Touma Z, Anderson M, Eder L.Risk of Cardiovascular Morbidity in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Arthritis Care Res(Hoboken). 2017;69(1):67-74. doi:10.1002/acr.22926Gulati AM, Michelsen B, Diamantopoulos A, et al.Osteoporosis in psoriatic arthritis: a cross-sectional study of an outpatient clinic population. RMD Open. 2018;4(1):e000631. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000631Al-dhubaibi MS.Association between Vitamin D deficiency and psoriasis: An exploratory study. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2018;12(1):33-9.Zhu T, Griffith J, Qin L, et al.Density, structure, and strength of the distal radius in patients with psoriatic arthritis: the role of inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors.Osteoporos Int. 2015 Jan;26(1):261-72. doi:10.1007/s00198-014-2858-3Schreiber S, Colombel JF, Feagan BG, et al.Incidence rates of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis treated with secukinumab: a retrospective analysis of pooled data from 21 clinical trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78(4):473-479. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214273Fu Y, Lee C, Chi C, et al.Association of Psoriasis With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA Dermatol.2018;154(12):1417-23. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.3631Skroza N, Proietti I, Pampena R, et al. Correlations between psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:983902. doi:10.1155/2013/983902Ganzetti G, Campanati A, Molinelli E, Offidani A.Psoriasis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease: Three different diseases on a unique background. World J Cardiol. 2016;8(2):120-31. doi:10.4330/wjc.v8.i2.120Prussick R, Prussick L, Nussbaum D.Nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease and psoriasis: what a dermatologist needs to know. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2015;8(3):43-5.Wilton KM, Crowson CS, Matteson EL.Malignancy incidence in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a comparison cohort-based incidence study. Clin Rheumatol. 2016;35(10):2603-7. doi:10.1007/s10067-016-3396-5Wilton K, Crowson C, Matteson E.Malignancy Incidence in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: A Comparison Cohort-Based Incidence Study.Clin Rheumatol.2016 Oct;35(10):2603-7. doi:10.1007/s10067-016-3396-5Yuan Y, Qiu J, Lin ZT, et al.Identification of Novel Autoantibodies Associated With Psoriatic Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(6):941-951. doi:10.1002/art.40830
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Ni C, Chiu MW.Psoriasis and comorbidities: links and risks. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2014;7:119-32. doi:10.2147/CCID.S44843Mclaughlin M, Ostör A.Early treatment of psoriatic arthritis improves prognosis. Practitioner. 2014;258(1777):21-4, 3.De Azevedo Fraga , De Oliveira M, Follador I, et al.Psoriasis and uveitis: a literature review.An Bras Dermatol.2012 Nov-Dec; 87(6): 87-83. doi:10.1590/S0365-05962012000600009Li CR, Chen L, Wang LF, Yan B, Liang YL, Luo J.Association between uveitis and psoriatic disease: a systematic review and Meta-analysis based on the evidence from cohort studies. Int J Ophthalmol. 2020 Apr 18;13(4):650-659. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2020.04.19Queiro R, Lorenzo A, Tejón P, Coto P, Pardo E.Obesity in psoriatic arthritis: Comparative prevalence and associated factors.Medicine(Baltimore). 2019;98(28):e16400. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000016400Soltani-Arabshahi R, Wong B, Feng B, et al.Obesity in early adulthood as a risk factor for psoriatic arthritis.Arch Dermatol.2010 Jul;146(7):721-6. doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2010.141Klingberg E, Bilberg A, Björkman S, et al.Weight loss improves disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis and obesity: an interventional study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019;21(1):17. doi:10.1186/s13075-019-1810-5Gelfand JM, Yeung H.Metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriatic disease.J Rheumatol Suppl.2012;89:24-8. doi:10.3899/jrheum.120237Baliwag J, Barnes DH, Johnston A.Cytokines in psoriasis. Cytokine. 2015;73(2):342-50. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2014.12.014Armstrong A, Harskamp C, Armstrong E.Psoriasis and the risk of diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.JAMA Dermatol.2013 Jan;149(1):84-91. doi:10.1001/2013.jamadermatol.406Holm JG, Thomsen SF.Type 2 diabetes and psoriasis: links and risks. Psoriasis (Auckl). 2019;9:1-6 doi:10.2147/PTT.S159163Polachek A, Touma Z, Anderson M, Eder L.Risk of Cardiovascular Morbidity in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Arthritis Care Res(Hoboken). 2017;69(1):67-74. doi:10.1002/acr.22926Gulati AM, Michelsen B, Diamantopoulos A, et al.Osteoporosis in psoriatic arthritis: a cross-sectional study of an outpatient clinic population. RMD Open. 2018;4(1):e000631. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000631Al-dhubaibi MS.Association between Vitamin D deficiency and psoriasis: An exploratory study. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2018;12(1):33-9.Zhu T, Griffith J, Qin L, et al.Density, structure, and strength of the distal radius in patients with psoriatic arthritis: the role of inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors.Osteoporos Int. 2015 Jan;26(1):261-72. doi:10.1007/s00198-014-2858-3Schreiber S, Colombel JF, Feagan BG, et al.Incidence rates of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis treated with secukinumab: a retrospective analysis of pooled data from 21 clinical trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78(4):473-479. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214273Fu Y, Lee C, Chi C, et al.Association of Psoriasis With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA Dermatol.2018;154(12):1417-23. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.3631Skroza N, Proietti I, Pampena R, et al. Correlations between psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:983902. doi:10.1155/2013/983902Ganzetti G, Campanati A, Molinelli E, Offidani A.Psoriasis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease: Three different diseases on a unique background. World J Cardiol. 2016;8(2):120-31. doi:10.4330/wjc.v8.i2.120Prussick R, Prussick L, Nussbaum D.Nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease and psoriasis: what a dermatologist needs to know. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2015;8(3):43-5.Wilton KM, Crowson CS, Matteson EL.Malignancy incidence in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a comparison cohort-based incidence study. Clin Rheumatol. 2016;35(10):2603-7. doi:10.1007/s10067-016-3396-5Wilton K, Crowson C, Matteson E.Malignancy Incidence in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: A Comparison Cohort-Based Incidence Study.Clin Rheumatol.2016 Oct;35(10):2603-7. doi:10.1007/s10067-016-3396-5Yuan Y, Qiu J, Lin ZT, et al.Identification of Novel Autoantibodies Associated With Psoriatic Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(6):941-951. doi:10.1002/art.40830
Ni C, Chiu MW.Psoriasis and comorbidities: links and risks. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2014;7:119-32. doi:10.2147/CCID.S44843
Mclaughlin M, Ostör A.Early treatment of psoriatic arthritis improves prognosis. Practitioner. 2014;258(1777):21-4, 3.
De Azevedo Fraga , De Oliveira M, Follador I, et al.Psoriasis and uveitis: a literature review.An Bras Dermatol.2012 Nov-Dec; 87(6): 87-83. doi:10.1590/S0365-05962012000600009
Li CR, Chen L, Wang LF, Yan B, Liang YL, Luo J.Association between uveitis and psoriatic disease: a systematic review and Meta-analysis based on the evidence from cohort studies. Int J Ophthalmol. 2020 Apr 18;13(4):650-659. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2020.04.19
Queiro R, Lorenzo A, Tejón P, Coto P, Pardo E.Obesity in psoriatic arthritis: Comparative prevalence and associated factors.Medicine(Baltimore). 2019;98(28):e16400. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000016400
Soltani-Arabshahi R, Wong B, Feng B, et al.Obesity in early adulthood as a risk factor for psoriatic arthritis.Arch Dermatol.2010 Jul;146(7):721-6. doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2010.141
Klingberg E, Bilberg A, Björkman S, et al.Weight loss improves disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis and obesity: an interventional study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019;21(1):17. doi:10.1186/s13075-019-1810-5
Gelfand JM, Yeung H.Metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriatic disease.J Rheumatol Suppl.2012;89:24-8. doi:10.3899/jrheum.120237
Baliwag J, Barnes DH, Johnston A.Cytokines in psoriasis. Cytokine. 2015;73(2):342-50. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2014.12.014
Armstrong A, Harskamp C, Armstrong E.Psoriasis and the risk of diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.JAMA Dermatol.2013 Jan;149(1):84-91. doi:10.1001/2013.jamadermatol.406
Holm JG, Thomsen SF.Type 2 diabetes and psoriasis: links and risks. Psoriasis (Auckl). 2019;9:1-6 doi:10.2147/PTT.S159163
Polachek A, Touma Z, Anderson M, Eder L.Risk of Cardiovascular Morbidity in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Arthritis Care Res(Hoboken). 2017;69(1):67-74. doi:10.1002/acr.22926
Gulati AM, Michelsen B, Diamantopoulos A, et al.Osteoporosis in psoriatic arthritis: a cross-sectional study of an outpatient clinic population. RMD Open. 2018;4(1):e000631. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000631
Al-dhubaibi MS.Association between Vitamin D deficiency and psoriasis: An exploratory study. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2018;12(1):33-9.
Zhu T, Griffith J, Qin L, et al.Density, structure, and strength of the distal radius in patients with psoriatic arthritis: the role of inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors.Osteoporos Int. 2015 Jan;26(1):261-72. doi:10.1007/s00198-014-2858-3
Schreiber S, Colombel JF, Feagan BG, et al.Incidence rates of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis treated with secukinumab: a retrospective analysis of pooled data from 21 clinical trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78(4):473-479. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214273
Fu Y, Lee C, Chi C, et al.Association of Psoriasis With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA Dermatol.2018;154(12):1417-23. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.3631
Skroza N, Proietti I, Pampena R, et al. Correlations between psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:983902. doi:10.1155/2013/983902
Ganzetti G, Campanati A, Molinelli E, Offidani A.Psoriasis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease: Three different diseases on a unique background. World J Cardiol. 2016;8(2):120-31. doi:10.4330/wjc.v8.i2.120
Prussick R, Prussick L, Nussbaum D.Nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease and psoriasis: what a dermatologist needs to know. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2015;8(3):43-5.
Wilton KM, Crowson CS, Matteson EL.Malignancy incidence in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a comparison cohort-based incidence study. Clin Rheumatol. 2016;35(10):2603-7. doi:10.1007/s10067-016-3396-5
Wilton K, Crowson C, Matteson E.Malignancy Incidence in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: A Comparison Cohort-Based Incidence Study.Clin Rheumatol.2016 Oct;35(10):2603-7. doi:10.1007/s10067-016-3396-5
Yuan Y, Qiu J, Lin ZT, et al.Identification of Novel Autoantibodies Associated With Psoriatic Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(6):941-951. doi:10.1002/art.40830
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