Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsFibromyalgia Pain Points on BodyDescribing Fibromyalgia Pain and FlaresFibromyalgia Pain and Brain SignalingFibromyalgia Pain ManagementHow to Stay Ahead of Fibromyalgia PainFibromyalgia Pain With Another Chronic IllnessAdvocating for Yourself With Invisible Fibromyalgia Pain
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Fibromyalgia Pain Points on Body
Describing Fibromyalgia Pain and Flares
Fibromyalgia Pain and Brain Signaling
Fibromyalgia Pain Management
How to Stay Ahead of Fibromyalgia Pain
Fibromyalgia Pain With Another Chronic Illness
Advocating for Yourself With Invisible Fibromyalgia Pain
Fibromyalgiapain is not like other kinds of pain. It doesn’t always indicate something is awry with the body part that hurts, and it doesn’t respond to many treatments that usually help alleviate pain.
Fibromyalgia painis believed to come from complex and interrelated dysfunctions throughout thenervous system(brain, spinal cord, and nerves).It can manifest in many ways. The pain type and pattern can differ from one person to the next.
This article explores where you might feel pain, the nature of that pain, what flares feel like, what is happening with pain signals in your brain, and how to live better with fibromyalgia pain.
Fibromyalgia pain can occur anywhere on your body. It may stay confined to certain places, it may be everywhere at once, or it may move around unpredictably.
Pain From Pressure
Many people with fibromyalgia have abnormal pain types calledhyperalgesia,allodynia, andparesthesia, which are as follows:
You may have any combination of hyperalgesia, allodynia, and paresthesias. They may come and go, or they may be constant.
Fibromyalgia Tender Points
As you learn about fibromyalgia pain, you’re bound to come across atender pointchart, typically a picture of the body with pairs of red dots at nine locations from head to toe. If you don’t feel pain at those points, does it mean you don’t have fibromyalgia?
No, not at all. While some people with fibromyalgia may actively feel pain at some of those points, most people do not unless pressure is applied. Tender points aren’t afibromyalgia symptom. They’re an outdated diagnostic tool that measures widespread tenderness.
In 2010, the American College of Rheumatology adopteddiagnostic criteriathat don’t involve tender points.
Where Fibromyalgia Hurts
Where fibromyalgia causes active, noticeable pain—and not just general tenderness—is different for everyone.
Fibromyalgia pain can be hard to describe, especially since it can change significantly from one day (or one minute) to the next. It’s sometimes described as a full-body migraine.
Some people with fibromyalgia feel an intense, sunburn-like pain on the skin all over their bodies. Some people experience stabbing, shooting, or zinging pains, while others may have a deep ache. You may have several different types of pain, and they may come and go.
What Is a Fibromyalgia Flare?
Afibromyalgia flareis when fibromyalgia pain (and other symptoms) is especially bad. When symptoms lessen, it’s called remission.
Your pain during a flare may get worse or be a different type altogether. For example, you may often have diffuse aches but have stabbing abdominal pains during flares.
Studies suggest flu-like symptoms (body aches, fatigue, exhaustion) are common in flares but not present the rest of the time.
Also, if you can recognize the early signs of a flare, you may be able to take steps to minimize the symptom increase.
Fibromyalgia pain involves abnormal brain signaling and other activity and dysfunction throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. These systems are:
The prevailing theory of what causes fibromyalgia pain iscentral sensitization. This means the central nervous system has become hypersensitive to stimuli. While pain is the main focus, it can also cause an extreme reaction tonoise, light, odor, and temperature.
This complex set of dysfunctions involves anatomical, structural, neurochemical, and immunological changes. Some of these brain-based problems involve:
For experts, this all paints a picture of a brain and nervous system that overreacts to stimuli and amplifies—or even creates—pain and other fibromyalgia symptoms.
Fibromyalgia pain is hard to treat. While there are many treatment options, they don’t all work for everyone. It usually takes multiple approaches to achieve meaningful relief.
Getting areferral to a pain specialistmay help you explore the range of treatments available and avoid those that might not be recommended for your unique health considerations.
Medication
Many other medications are used off-label (without FDA approval) for fibromyalgia. These include:
It should be noted that despite common use, opioids and anti-inflammatories are not generally recommended for treating fibromyalgia. Neither are common sleep medications likeAmbien (zolpidem)or Lunesta (eszopiclone).
Opiates for Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Exercise and Physical Therapy
Exercise is the most recommended treatment for fibromyalgia, although this is controversial in the community of people with fibromyalgia. In studies, it’s been shown to be consistently effective.
Common types ofexercise for fibromyalgiainclude:
Working with a physical therapist may help you get started the right way. They can assist you with evidence-based types of exercise, such as:
The key is to start slowly and work up gradually. Otherwise, you risk putting yourself into a flare.
Stress Management and Mental Health Therapy
Stress is believed to be a major trigger of fibromyalgia symptoms, sostress managementis important.A mental health practitioner may be able to help you minimize the impact of stress on your symptoms.
Stress management and exercise can be combined if you do yoga or tai chi.Meditation andmindfulnesscan also help.
If you havedepression, which is common in people with fibromyalgia, you may want to trycognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This well-studied intervention may help you cope better with the realities and limitations of chronic illness.
Cannabis and CBD
That system is called theendocannabinoid system. It plays important roles in multiple functions that are impaired in fibromyalgia, including:
A growing body of research shows cannabis,CBD, and other cannabis-based medications are promising fibromyalgia treatments. However, it’ll take more studies and longer-term research to know for certain what effect they have.
Supplements
Many people with fibromyalgia use supplements to help control their symptoms. Research into most of them is lacking, though.
Some supplements with research supporting their use include:
Preliminary research suggests avegetarianorvegan dietmay help ease fibromyalgia symptoms. Alow-FODMAP (low-fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols)dietmay, as well. This area of study needs a lot more attention and well-designed studies, though.
Manual Therapy
Manual therapiesare those in which a therapist touches your body in order to treat it. Common manual therapies for fibromyalgia include:
You’ll want to work closely with the practitioner so they can learn your pressure tolerance, as too much may exacerbate your symptoms.
How Cupping Could Relieve Fibromyalgia Symptoms
Managing your fibromyalgia pain can be a full-time job. It’s important to learn what triggers flares and how to avoid them. The basics are:
Finding the right treatments for you will take time and experimentation. Expect setbacks as you try things that don’t work or cause negative side effects.
This trial-and-error process can be overwhelming at first. But eventually, spotting and avoiding triggers and staying on track with treatments will become second nature.
Fibromyalgia often comes with comorbid illnesses—other conditions common in people with fibromyalgia. Comorbid conditions with fibromyalgia include other pain disorders, sleep disorders, anxiety, and fatigue, among others, as detailed below.
Other Pain Conditions
Because fibromyalgia amplifies pain signals, having other conditions that cause pain can be especially debilitating. Many pain conditions are common with fibromyalgia, including:
Each type of pain you have may require different treatments. For example, an anti-inflammatory that doesn’t help with fibromyalgia pain may be just what you need for the jaw pain of TMD.
Sleep Disorders
People with fibromyalgia often havesleep disorders, which can exacerbate fibromyalgia symptoms. Pain can also make sleep especially difficult.
Meanwhile, quality sleep is a known way to alleviate fibromyalgia symptoms. That makes identifying and treating sleep disorders crucial. Common ones include:
If you suspect any of these sleep disorders, talk to a healthcare provider about seeing a sleep specialist. They may order asleep study(polysomnogram) so they can diagnose sleep disorders.
Other Common Comorbidities
Other conditions that are common in people with fibromyalgia are:
While some comorbid conditions may share symptoms with fibromyalgia, they must be properly diagnosed and treated separately. Watch for new symptoms, especially those unrelated to fibromyalgia, and bring them up with your healthcare provider.
Fibromyalgia pain is invisible. While the condition is taken more seriously than it used to be, you can still find some people who don’t believe in the diagnosis, even in the medical profession.
If your healthcare provider is resistant to treating your fibromyalgia, you may have to push for what you want. Sometimes, it’s necessary to find a new provider who’s willing to help you.
In your day-to-day life, you may be around people who think you’re not really sick or that you are making a big deal out of small problems. You’ll have good times and bad times, and your ability to do something one day and not the next may confuse the people around you.
Educating the people closest to you about your illness, its ups and downs, and its broad range of symptoms is important.
Living With Someone Who Has Fibromyalgia
You may also run into problems at work because of your symptoms and fluctuating health. TheAmericans With Disabilities Actprotects you, so don’t hesitate to request reasonable accommodations to help you keep doing your job.
Summary
Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition with abnormal pain types, including hyperalgesia and allodynia. It’s common to have flares and remissions.
The cause of fibromyalgia pain isn’t yet proven, but many nervous system abnormalities have been implicated. These include brain inflammation, small-fiber neuropathy, neurotransmitter dysregulation, abnormal activity and connectivity, and problems with structures called dorsal horn ganglia.
Fibromyalgia treatment often involves medication, exercise, stress management, mental health counseling, cannabis, CBD, supplements, and manual therapies.
Many conditions that can be comorbid with fibromyalgia include TMD, depression, thyroid disease, sleep disorders, and autoimmune conditions.
You may need to educate the people around you about your illness and how it affects you.
Fibro Fog: Cognitive Dysfunction in Fibromyalgia
28 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Alciati A, Nucera V, Masala IF, et al.One year in review 2021: fibromyalgia.Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2021;39 Suppl 130(3):3-12. doi:10.55563/clinexprheumatol/gz4i3iPérez-Neri I, Sandoval H, Estêvão MD, et al.Central and peripheral mechanisms of pain in fibromyalgia: scoping review protocol.Rheumatol Int. 2023;43(4):757-762. doi:10.1007/s00296-023-05275-9Cabo-Meseguer A, Cerdá-Olmedo G, Trillo-Mata JL.Fibromyalgia: prevalence, epidemiologic profiles and economic costs. Fibromialgia: prevalencia, perfiles epidemiológicos y costes económicos.Med Clin (Barc). 2017;149(10):441-448. doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2017.06.008University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Musculoskeletal Pain Research.High pain sensitivity.Viana F.Nociceptors: thermal allodynia and thermal pain.Handb Clin Neurol. 2018;156:103-119. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-63912-7.00006-0Martínez-Lavín M.Centralized nociplastic pain causing fibromyalgia: an emperor with no cloths?.Clin Rheumatol. 2022;41(12):3915-3917. doi:10.1007/s10067-022-06407-5Wolfe F, Rasker JJ.The evolution of fibromyalgia, its concepts, and criteria.Cureus. 2021;13(11):e20010. doi:10.7759/cureus.20010Stanford University, Stanford Medicine.Fibromyalgia symptoms.Vincent A, Whipple MO, Rhudy LM.Fibromyalgia flares: a qualitative analysis.Pain Med. 2016;17(3):463-468. doi:10.1111/pme.12676Ozcivit IB, Erel CT, Durmusoglu F.Can fibromyalgia be considered a characteristic symptom of climacterium?.Postgrad Med J. 2023;99(1170):244-251. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-140336Giorgi V, Sirotti S, Romano ME, et al.Fibromyalgia: one year in review 2022.Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2022;40(6):1065-1072. doi:10.55563/clinexprheumatol/if9gk2Cordón B, Orduna E, Viladés E, et al.Analysis of retinal layers in fibromyalgia patients with premium protocol in optical tomography coherence and quality of life.Curr Eye Res. 2022;47(1):143-153. doi:10.1080/02713683.2021.1951301Tracey KJ.From human to mouse and back offers hope for patients with fibromyalgia.J Clin Invest. 2021;131(13):e150382. doi:10.1172/JCI150382Albrecht PJ, Rice FL.Fibromyalgia syndrome pathology and environmental influences on afflictions with medically unexplained symptoms.Rev Environ Health. 2016;31(2):281-294. doi:10.1515/reveh-2015-0040Martínez-Lavín M.Dorsal root ganglia: fibromyalgia pain factory?.Clin Rheumatol. 2021;40(2):783-787. doi:10.1007/s10067-020-05528-zCenters for Disease Control and Prevention.Fibromyalgia.American College of Rheumatology.Fibromyalgia.Arthritis Foundation.Can I exercise with fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis?Adler-Neal AL, Zeidan F.Mindfulness meditation for fibromyalgia: Mechanistic and clinical considerations.Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2017;19(9):59. doi:10.1007/s11926-017-0686-0Donvito G, Nass SR, Wilkerson JL, et al.The endogenous cannabinoid system: a budding source of targets for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain.Neuropsychopharmacology. 2018;43(1):52–79. doi:10.1038/npp.2017.204Bourke SL, Schlag AK, O’Sullivan SE, Nutt DJ, Finn DP.Cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system in fibromyalgia: A review of preclinical and clinical research.Pharmacol Ther. 2022;240:108216. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108216Boulis M, Boulis M, Clauw D.Magnesium and fibromyalgia: a literature review.J Prim Care Community Health. 2021;12:21501327211038433. doi:10.1177/21501327211038433Sawaddiruk P, Apaijai N, Paiboonworachat S, et al.Coenzyme Q10 supplementation alleviates pain in pregabalin-treated fibromyalgia patientsviareducing brain activity and mitochondrial dysfunction.Free Radic Res. 2019;53(8):901-909. doi:10.1080/10715762.2019.1645955Lowry E, Marley J, McVeigh JG, McSorley E, Allsopp P, Kerr D.Dietary interventions in the management of fibromyalgia: a systematic review and best-evidence synthesis.Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2664. doi:10.3390/nu12092664Nadal-Nicolás Y, Miralles-Amorós L, Martínez-Olcina M, Sánchez-Ortega M, Mora J, Martínez-Rodríguez A.Vegetarian and vegan diet in fibromyalgia: a systematic review.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(9):4955. doi:10.3390/ijerph18094955Araújo FM, DeSantana JM.Physical therapy modalities for treating fibromyalgia.F1000Res. 2019;8:F1000 Faculty Rev-2030. doi:10.12688/f1000research.17176.1Taylor S, Furness P, Ashe S, Haywood-Small S, Lawson K.Comorbid conditions, mental health and cognitive functions in adults with fibromyalgia.West J Nurs Res. 2021;43(2):115-122. doi:10.1177/0193945920937429The Rheumatologist.Fibromyalgia-related sleep disorder diagnosis & treatment tips.
28 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Alciati A, Nucera V, Masala IF, et al.One year in review 2021: fibromyalgia.Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2021;39 Suppl 130(3):3-12. doi:10.55563/clinexprheumatol/gz4i3iPérez-Neri I, Sandoval H, Estêvão MD, et al.Central and peripheral mechanisms of pain in fibromyalgia: scoping review protocol.Rheumatol Int. 2023;43(4):757-762. doi:10.1007/s00296-023-05275-9Cabo-Meseguer A, Cerdá-Olmedo G, Trillo-Mata JL.Fibromyalgia: prevalence, epidemiologic profiles and economic costs. Fibromialgia: prevalencia, perfiles epidemiológicos y costes económicos.Med Clin (Barc). 2017;149(10):441-448. doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2017.06.008University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Musculoskeletal Pain Research.High pain sensitivity.Viana F.Nociceptors: thermal allodynia and thermal pain.Handb Clin Neurol. 2018;156:103-119. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-63912-7.00006-0Martínez-Lavín M.Centralized nociplastic pain causing fibromyalgia: an emperor with no cloths?.Clin Rheumatol. 2022;41(12):3915-3917. doi:10.1007/s10067-022-06407-5Wolfe F, Rasker JJ.The evolution of fibromyalgia, its concepts, and criteria.Cureus. 2021;13(11):e20010. doi:10.7759/cureus.20010Stanford University, Stanford Medicine.Fibromyalgia symptoms.Vincent A, Whipple MO, Rhudy LM.Fibromyalgia flares: a qualitative analysis.Pain Med. 2016;17(3):463-468. doi:10.1111/pme.12676Ozcivit IB, Erel CT, Durmusoglu F.Can fibromyalgia be considered a characteristic symptom of climacterium?.Postgrad Med J. 2023;99(1170):244-251. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-140336Giorgi V, Sirotti S, Romano ME, et al.Fibromyalgia: one year in review 2022.Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2022;40(6):1065-1072. doi:10.55563/clinexprheumatol/if9gk2Cordón B, Orduna E, Viladés E, et al.Analysis of retinal layers in fibromyalgia patients with premium protocol in optical tomography coherence and quality of life.Curr Eye Res. 2022;47(1):143-153. doi:10.1080/02713683.2021.1951301Tracey KJ.From human to mouse and back offers hope for patients with fibromyalgia.J Clin Invest. 2021;131(13):e150382. doi:10.1172/JCI150382Albrecht PJ, Rice FL.Fibromyalgia syndrome pathology and environmental influences on afflictions with medically unexplained symptoms.Rev Environ Health. 2016;31(2):281-294. doi:10.1515/reveh-2015-0040Martínez-Lavín M.Dorsal root ganglia: fibromyalgia pain factory?.Clin Rheumatol. 2021;40(2):783-787. doi:10.1007/s10067-020-05528-zCenters for Disease Control and Prevention.Fibromyalgia.American College of Rheumatology.Fibromyalgia.Arthritis Foundation.Can I exercise with fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis?Adler-Neal AL, Zeidan F.Mindfulness meditation for fibromyalgia: Mechanistic and clinical considerations.Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2017;19(9):59. doi:10.1007/s11926-017-0686-0Donvito G, Nass SR, Wilkerson JL, et al.The endogenous cannabinoid system: a budding source of targets for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain.Neuropsychopharmacology. 2018;43(1):52–79. doi:10.1038/npp.2017.204Bourke SL, Schlag AK, O’Sullivan SE, Nutt DJ, Finn DP.Cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system in fibromyalgia: A review of preclinical and clinical research.Pharmacol Ther. 2022;240:108216. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108216Boulis M, Boulis M, Clauw D.Magnesium and fibromyalgia: a literature review.J Prim Care Community Health. 2021;12:21501327211038433. doi:10.1177/21501327211038433Sawaddiruk P, Apaijai N, Paiboonworachat S, et al.Coenzyme Q10 supplementation alleviates pain in pregabalin-treated fibromyalgia patientsviareducing brain activity and mitochondrial dysfunction.Free Radic Res. 2019;53(8):901-909. doi:10.1080/10715762.2019.1645955Lowry E, Marley J, McVeigh JG, McSorley E, Allsopp P, Kerr D.Dietary interventions in the management of fibromyalgia: a systematic review and best-evidence synthesis.Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2664. doi:10.3390/nu12092664Nadal-Nicolás Y, Miralles-Amorós L, Martínez-Olcina M, Sánchez-Ortega M, Mora J, Martínez-Rodríguez A.Vegetarian and vegan diet in fibromyalgia: a systematic review.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(9):4955. doi:10.3390/ijerph18094955Araújo FM, DeSantana JM.Physical therapy modalities for treating fibromyalgia.F1000Res. 2019;8:F1000 Faculty Rev-2030. doi:10.12688/f1000research.17176.1Taylor S, Furness P, Ashe S, Haywood-Small S, Lawson K.Comorbid conditions, mental health and cognitive functions in adults with fibromyalgia.West J Nurs Res. 2021;43(2):115-122. doi:10.1177/0193945920937429The Rheumatologist.Fibromyalgia-related sleep disorder diagnosis & treatment tips.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Alciati A, Nucera V, Masala IF, et al.One year in review 2021: fibromyalgia.Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2021;39 Suppl 130(3):3-12. doi:10.55563/clinexprheumatol/gz4i3iPérez-Neri I, Sandoval H, Estêvão MD, et al.Central and peripheral mechanisms of pain in fibromyalgia: scoping review protocol.Rheumatol Int. 2023;43(4):757-762. doi:10.1007/s00296-023-05275-9Cabo-Meseguer A, Cerdá-Olmedo G, Trillo-Mata JL.Fibromyalgia: prevalence, epidemiologic profiles and economic costs. Fibromialgia: prevalencia, perfiles epidemiológicos y costes económicos.Med Clin (Barc). 2017;149(10):441-448. doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2017.06.008University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Musculoskeletal Pain Research.High pain sensitivity.Viana F.Nociceptors: thermal allodynia and thermal pain.Handb Clin Neurol. 2018;156:103-119. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-63912-7.00006-0Martínez-Lavín M.Centralized nociplastic pain causing fibromyalgia: an emperor with no cloths?.Clin Rheumatol. 2022;41(12):3915-3917. doi:10.1007/s10067-022-06407-5Wolfe F, Rasker JJ.The evolution of fibromyalgia, its concepts, and criteria.Cureus. 2021;13(11):e20010. doi:10.7759/cureus.20010Stanford University, Stanford Medicine.Fibromyalgia symptoms.Vincent A, Whipple MO, Rhudy LM.Fibromyalgia flares: a qualitative analysis.Pain Med. 2016;17(3):463-468. doi:10.1111/pme.12676Ozcivit IB, Erel CT, Durmusoglu F.Can fibromyalgia be considered a characteristic symptom of climacterium?.Postgrad Med J. 2023;99(1170):244-251. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-140336Giorgi V, Sirotti S, Romano ME, et al.Fibromyalgia: one year in review 2022.Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2022;40(6):1065-1072. doi:10.55563/clinexprheumatol/if9gk2Cordón B, Orduna E, Viladés E, et al.Analysis of retinal layers in fibromyalgia patients with premium protocol in optical tomography coherence and quality of life.Curr Eye Res. 2022;47(1):143-153. doi:10.1080/02713683.2021.1951301Tracey KJ.From human to mouse and back offers hope for patients with fibromyalgia.J Clin Invest. 2021;131(13):e150382. doi:10.1172/JCI150382Albrecht PJ, Rice FL.Fibromyalgia syndrome pathology and environmental influences on afflictions with medically unexplained symptoms.Rev Environ Health. 2016;31(2):281-294. doi:10.1515/reveh-2015-0040Martínez-Lavín M.Dorsal root ganglia: fibromyalgia pain factory?.Clin Rheumatol. 2021;40(2):783-787. doi:10.1007/s10067-020-05528-zCenters for Disease Control and Prevention.Fibromyalgia.American College of Rheumatology.Fibromyalgia.Arthritis Foundation.Can I exercise with fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis?Adler-Neal AL, Zeidan F.Mindfulness meditation for fibromyalgia: Mechanistic and clinical considerations.Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2017;19(9):59. doi:10.1007/s11926-017-0686-0Donvito G, Nass SR, Wilkerson JL, et al.The endogenous cannabinoid system: a budding source of targets for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain.Neuropsychopharmacology. 2018;43(1):52–79. doi:10.1038/npp.2017.204Bourke SL, Schlag AK, O’Sullivan SE, Nutt DJ, Finn DP.Cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system in fibromyalgia: A review of preclinical and clinical research.Pharmacol Ther. 2022;240:108216. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108216Boulis M, Boulis M, Clauw D.Magnesium and fibromyalgia: a literature review.J Prim Care Community Health. 2021;12:21501327211038433. doi:10.1177/21501327211038433Sawaddiruk P, Apaijai N, Paiboonworachat S, et al.Coenzyme Q10 supplementation alleviates pain in pregabalin-treated fibromyalgia patientsviareducing brain activity and mitochondrial dysfunction.Free Radic Res. 2019;53(8):901-909. doi:10.1080/10715762.2019.1645955Lowry E, Marley J, McVeigh JG, McSorley E, Allsopp P, Kerr D.Dietary interventions in the management of fibromyalgia: a systematic review and best-evidence synthesis.Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2664. doi:10.3390/nu12092664Nadal-Nicolás Y, Miralles-Amorós L, Martínez-Olcina M, Sánchez-Ortega M, Mora J, Martínez-Rodríguez A.Vegetarian and vegan diet in fibromyalgia: a systematic review.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(9):4955. doi:10.3390/ijerph18094955Araújo FM, DeSantana JM.Physical therapy modalities for treating fibromyalgia.F1000Res. 2019;8:F1000 Faculty Rev-2030. doi:10.12688/f1000research.17176.1Taylor S, Furness P, Ashe S, Haywood-Small S, Lawson K.Comorbid conditions, mental health and cognitive functions in adults with fibromyalgia.West J Nurs Res. 2021;43(2):115-122. doi:10.1177/0193945920937429The Rheumatologist.Fibromyalgia-related sleep disorder diagnosis & treatment tips.
Alciati A, Nucera V, Masala IF, et al.One year in review 2021: fibromyalgia.Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2021;39 Suppl 130(3):3-12. doi:10.55563/clinexprheumatol/gz4i3i
Pérez-Neri I, Sandoval H, Estêvão MD, et al.Central and peripheral mechanisms of pain in fibromyalgia: scoping review protocol.Rheumatol Int. 2023;43(4):757-762. doi:10.1007/s00296-023-05275-9
Cabo-Meseguer A, Cerdá-Olmedo G, Trillo-Mata JL.Fibromyalgia: prevalence, epidemiologic profiles and economic costs. Fibromialgia: prevalencia, perfiles epidemiológicos y costes económicos.Med Clin (Barc). 2017;149(10):441-448. doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2017.06.008
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Giorgi V, Sirotti S, Romano ME, et al.Fibromyalgia: one year in review 2022.Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2022;40(6):1065-1072. doi:10.55563/clinexprheumatol/if9gk2
Cordón B, Orduna E, Viladés E, et al.Analysis of retinal layers in fibromyalgia patients with premium protocol in optical tomography coherence and quality of life.Curr Eye Res. 2022;47(1):143-153. doi:10.1080/02713683.2021.1951301
Tracey KJ.From human to mouse and back offers hope for patients with fibromyalgia.J Clin Invest. 2021;131(13):e150382. doi:10.1172/JCI150382
Albrecht PJ, Rice FL.Fibromyalgia syndrome pathology and environmental influences on afflictions with medically unexplained symptoms.Rev Environ Health. 2016;31(2):281-294. doi:10.1515/reveh-2015-0040
Martínez-Lavín M.Dorsal root ganglia: fibromyalgia pain factory?.Clin Rheumatol. 2021;40(2):783-787. doi:10.1007/s10067-020-05528-z
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The Rheumatologist.Fibromyalgia-related sleep disorder diagnosis & treatment tips.
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