Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsFeatures of Skin RashesAcne VulgarisAtopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema)Bullous PemphigoidDermatitis HerpetiformisDermatitis NeglectaErythema MultiformeErythema NodosumFolliculitisHerpesHerpes Zoster (Shingles)Ichthyosis VulgarisImpetigoLichen Simplex ChronicusPityriasis RoseaPsoriasisRocky Mountain Spotted FeverRosaceaSeborrheaTineaUrticaria (Hives)Varicella (Chickenpox)Venous Stasis Dermatitis
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Features of Skin Rashes
Acne Vulgaris
Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema)
Bullous Pemphigoid
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Dermatitis Neglecta
Erythema Multiforme
Erythema Nodosum
Folliculitis
Herpes
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
Ichthyosis Vulgaris
Impetigo
Lichen Simplex Chronicus
Pityriasis Rosea
Psoriasis
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rosacea
Seborrhea
Tinea
Urticaria (Hives)
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Venous Stasis Dermatitis
Skinrashesappear on the body as irritated or swollen areas covered in skin lesions that may be itchy, painful, dry, discolored, or include a range of other symptoms depending on the type of rash.
Rashes can have various causes, including allergies, irritation, viruses, bacteria, and more. Treatments depend on the type of rash.
This article discusses 22 different types of skin rash, what they look like, what causes them, and how they are treated.
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The term “dermatitis” is used to describe a simple rash.Here are some other terms used to describe the common characteristics of different types of rashes.
Clinical presentation: Pustules, papules, comedones, nodules on face, chest, and back
Principal age group(s): Adolescents
Cause: Associated with hormone changes of puberty. Severe acne runs in families. Finding a link to food is an active area of interest.
Course: Acne typically goes away during adulthood, but resultant scarring and pitting from acute acne can be lifelong.
Acne vulgaris, or acne, is so common that mild cases have been termed “physiologic,” and mild acne is not considered a disease or illness.
Here are the steps in acne formation:
Acne is often treated using various medications. Cleansing is also important. Common treatment options include retinoid combinations applied to the skin, antibiotics, and benzoyl peroxide. Some over-the-counter benzoyl peroxide products also include salicylic acid to exfoliate the skin and clean pores.
Clinical presentation: Itchy papules, lichenification, rash on face and arms
Principal age group(s): Infants, youngchildren
Cause: Associated with allergies
Course: Chronic and relapsing, some children outgrow it
Atopic dermatitisis an itchy skin condition that runs in families. Mild cases of atopic dermatitis can be treated with topical steroids (glucocorticoids), which are available over the counter.
Clinical presentation: Bullae
Principal age group(s): Older adults
Cause: Autoimmune
Course: Waxes or wanes, remission in many
Bullous pemphigoidis a rare, inflammatory autoimmune disease that results in blistering of the skin and mucous membranes in older adults. Treatment of bullous pemphigoid is complex and requires input from various specialists, including dermatologists, ophthalmologists, and primary care physicians. More severe cases may require treatment with systemic corticosteroids.
Clinical presentation: Papules and vesicles on the elbows, knees, buttocks, back, or scalp
Principal age group(s): People between 30 and 40 years old
Course: Long-term but can go into remission; remission is defined as lasting two-plus years
Dermatitis herpetiformisis an itchy rash that appears in a symmetrical pattern over the elbows, knees, buttocks, back, or scalp. The bumps and blisters of this condition resemble infection with the herpes virus. It is more common in men and usually affects people of Northern European descent. Dermatitis herpetiformis occurs mostly in people with celiac disease, and symptoms usually clear with the adoption of a gluten-free diet.
Clinical presentation: Hyperpigmented papules and plaques with a warty appearance
Principal age group(s): All age groups, but most prevalent in children
Cause: Failure to clean or scrub parts of the body
Course: Resolves once the lesions are removed and hygiene is re-established
Dermatosis neglectais a skin condition that occurs when a person neglects to regularly clean a part of their body. It can happen as a result of intentional neglect, or when someone has a medical condition that makes it hard to clean a particular body part.
Clinical presentation: Target-shaped lesions
Principal age group(s): Young adults
Cause: Allergic reaction
Course: Transient; one to two weeks
Erythema multiformeis a short-lasting inflammatory skin condition. The rash appears as discolored welts that affect the eyes, mouth, and other mucosal surfaces. Rashes may appear purple, ashen gray, or dark brown on darker skin tones.Lighter skin tones often have rashes appear red. The rash of erythema multiforme takes the form of concentric circles or target lesions.
This condition is a type of allergic reaction and can appear secondary to herpes infection, fungal infections, streptococcal infection, or tuberculosis. Erythema multiforme can also result from chemicals or medications, such as NSAIDs, allopurinol, andcertain antibiotics. Finally, erythema multiforme can accompany inflammatory bowel disease and lupus.
There are two types of erythema multiforme. Erythema multiforme minor results in mild illness that affects only the skin and sometimes causes mouth sores. Erythema multiforme major starts with systemic symptoms that affect the entire body, such as achiness in the joints and fevers. People with erythema multiforme major may have more serious sores that affect the genitals, airways, gut, or eyes.
These other symptoms can also accompany the rash in erythema multiforme major:
Typically, erythema multiforme goes away on its own without treatment. Certain treatments can be administered, including steroids, antihistamines, antibiotics, moist compresses, and pain medicines. It’s important to keep lesions clean and maintain good personal hygiene to limit the risk of secondary infection.
What Is Erythema?
Clinical presentation: Painful, reddened plaques with jagged or irregular edges, usually found at the level of the shins, calves, arms, and thighs; over weeks, the plaques flatten out and take on the appearance of bruises
Principal age group(s): All ages
Cause: In about half the cases, the cause is unknown. Other causes include infections and medications, such as antibiotics. Erythema nodosum can also occur during pregnancy, leukemia, sarcoidosis, and rheumatic fever.
Course: Uncomfortable, typically resolves after six weeks
Erythema nodosumis a form ofpanniculitis, an inflammation of the layer of fat underneath the skin. The skin lesions first begin as flat, firm, inflamed lumps, about one inch in diameter. These painful lumps may become purplish after a few days. After several weeks, the lesions become brownish, flat patches.
In addition to skin lesions, erythema nodosum can also cause more general symptoms, including fever, general malaise, achiness, and swelling. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and can include either treatment of the infection or disease or discontinuation of a drug. Other treatments include steroids, NSAIDs, and/or warm or cold compresses.
Clinical presentation: Infected pustules mostly affecting the face, scalp, buttocks, extremities, groin, and torso
Cause: Bacterial, viral, or fungal
Course: Typically resolves
Clinical presentation: Cold sores, vesicles, and ulcers; in children, inflammation of the lining of the mouth and gums (i.e.,gingivostomatitis)
Cause: Viral
Course: Typically resolves but will usually recur
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 3.7 billion people younger than 50 years old are infected with the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). The HSV-1 virus is spread through oral contact. Although cold sores can be unsightly and uncomfortable, they cause no other symptoms. Antiviral ointments or creams can relieve the burning, itching, and discomfort associated with cold sores.
Infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) causesgenital herpes. Genital herpes is sexually transmitted. However, HSV-2 can also cause cold sores. The WHO estimates that 13 percent of the world’s population is infected with genital herpes.
Clinical presentation: Redness or pink on light skin, purple or brown on dark skin, vesicles
Principal age group(s): Adults 50 years or older, adults with weakened immune systems
Cause: Varicella zoster virus reactivation
Course: Two to three weeks
There is no cure for herpes zoster. Treatments include pain medications, steroids, antiviral drugs, and antihistamines. There is a vaccine for herpes zoster, which is different from the chickenpox vaccine. The vaccine, calledShingrix, is approved for all adults 50 and over and for adults 19 years and older who have weakened immune systems. It reduces the risk of shingles and complications of the illness, such as lingering chronic pain (postherpetic neuralgia).
Clinical presentation: Dry, scaly skin that may be itchy and flaky
Principal age group(s): Begins in childhood
Cause: Usually genetic, though it is possible to develop the condition in adulthood
Course: Usually resolves during adulthood but may return with older age
Most people who haveichthyosis vulgarishave a gene mutation that causes a change in the normal growing and shedding cycle of the skin. This can cause skin cells to build up, producing itchy, flaky scales. There is no cure for the condition, but it can be managed.
Treatment usually involves applying moisturizers to the skin after bathing. Moisturizers that contain lactic acid, urea, or salicylic acid can help promote normal shedding of the skin.
Clinical presentation: Pustules, vesicles, honey-colored crusting, reddened areas of skin erosion
Principal age group(s): Children between 2 and 6 years old
Cause: Bacterial
Course: Resolution after a few days
Clinical presentation: Plaques, lichenification
Principal age group(s): People between 30 and 50 years old
Cause: Unknown
Course: Long-term, remits with treatment
People with allergies and atopy (the genetic tendency to develop allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis) are predisposed to developing lichen simplex chronicus.
Continuous itching can eventually lead to thickened areas of skin. Antihistamines and steroids can be used to reduce the itch of lichen simplex chronicus. Once the itch is controlled, lichen simplex chronicus can remit (be relieved).
Clinical presentation: Herald patch, papules, and scales (i.e.,papulosquamous)
Principal age group(s): Any age, but most commonly seen in people between 10 and 35 years old
Course: Rash can persist between three and five months
The herald patch is the hallmark ofpityriasis roseaand appears on the trunk. The herald patch is a solitary, oval, flesh- or salmon-colored lesion with scaling at the border. It can be three centimeters (one inch) or more in diameter. One or two weeks after the appearance of the herald patch on the trunk, numerous smaller papulosquamous lesions fan out along ribs in a Christmas tree pattern.
Except for skin manifestations, there are no other symptoms of pityriasis rosea. In about half of cases, this condition is itchy. Pityriasis rosea resolves on its own and doesn’t require treatment. However, steroids and antihistamines may help reduce itching.
Clinical presentation: Papules or plaques with silvery scales (i.e., papulosquamous)
Principal age group(s): Mostly adults, but can occur at any age
Course: Long term
Psoriasis is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory skin disease that causes raised, red lesions with silvery scales.Plaque psoriasisis the most common type of psoriasis, accounting for about 80% to 90% of all cases of the disease. The plaques tend to enlarge slowly over time and present symmetrically on the elbows, knees, scalp,buttocks, and so forth.
Psoriasis can also affect the joints, resulting inpsoriatic arthritis. New research points to the fact that psoriasis is a generalized inflammatory disorder that could raise cardiovascular risk, including stroke, heart attack, and death.
Mild psoriasiscan be treated with hydrocortisone or other topical creams. Moderate to severe psoriasis can be treated with immunomodulators.
Clinical Presentation: Petechiae on the palms or soles
Principal age group(s): Any age
Cause: Tick-borne bacteria calledRickettsia rickettsii
Course: Weeks
The rash is firstmaculopapular(combining the features of macules and papules) and occurs on the wrists and ankles. The rash then spreads to the body, where it manifests as petechiae. Thrombocytopenia, or low platelet count, is common with Rocky Mountain spotted fever and causes petechiae.
Although Rocky Mountain spotted fever is found throughout the United States, it is most common in the southern Atlantic and south central states. Typically, people are infected with Rocky Mountain spotted fever during warm months of the year when ticks are active.
Several steps can be taken to prevent tick bites, including the following:
The antibiotic doxycycline is used to treat this infection. Treatment with doxycycline is most effective when started within the first three to five days of the illness. Patients with neurological symptoms, vomiting, unstable vital signs, or compromised kidney function should be hospitalized.
Clinical presentation: Redness, yellowing, darkening, or browning of the central face, with papules and pustules
Principal age group(s): Middle-aged adults, especially light-skinned people
Course: Long term, flare-ups and remissions
Rosaceais a chronic disease that results in discoloration (skin yellowing, darkening, browning, or redness) and bumps on the face and acne. It is an inflammatory condition that affects the face and the eyes; it typically progresses over time. Rosacea can cause facial discomfort.
Rosacea generally leads to the following:
Rosacea is most common among white women, but people of any skin tone or gender may experience it. Depending on type and severity, rosacea can be treated with antibiotics, lasers, or surgery.
Clinical presentation: Poorly demarcated, red plaques with greasy, yellow scales usually around the scalp, eyebrows, forehead, cheeks, and nose; can also affect the body
Principal age group(s): Infants, adults, more common in men
Course: Long term, relapsing
Seborrhea(also called seborrheic dermatitis) is a chronic, inflammatory condition that affects the parts of the body that have a lot of sebaceous glands, which produce an oily secretion called sebum. These areas include the face, scalp, torso, and groin.
Infants can have seborrhea of the scalp (cradle cap) or seborrhea that affects the diaper area. People with seborrhea may be more likely colonized withMalassezia, a type of yeast. Although people with HIV/AIDS often have seborrhea, the vast majority of people with seborrhea have normal immune systems. Seborrhea is mainly treated with topical antifungal medications.
Clinical presentation: Red, ring-shaped skin patches with scaly borders; the central clearing may not be red
Cause: Fungus
Course: Usually resolves after over-the-counter antifungal treatment
Over-the-counter ointments and creams will usually treat tinea in the short term. More serious cases may require treatment with prescription medications.
Clinical presentation: Wheals
Course: Typically resolves after a few days or weeks
Urticaria, or hives, andangioedematypically occur together. Angioedema refers to the swelling of the skin. Urticaria is treated with steroids and antihistamines, as well as the removal of any drugs or foods that are causing it.
Clinical presentation: Papules, vesicles, pustules, and crusting
Principal age group(s): Children
Cause: Varicella zoster virus
Course: Transient, lasts two weeks
The hallmark of diagnosis with the varicella virus is a vesicular rash, which begins as papules and then changes into vesicles and pustules before finally crusting. The rash first involves the face, trunk, and scalp. Eventually, it moves toward the arms and legs. Other symptoms of chickenpox include headache, weakness, and loss of appetite.
Clinical presentation: Discoloration, dryness, scaling, and itching, often in the legs
Principal age group(s): More common in older adults
Course: Chronic
This type of eczema affects people who have poor circulation. It usually appears on the legs, where blood flow tends to be poorest. People with this condition have dry, itchy skin that can scale and flake. They can also develop skin ulcers.
Treatment for venous stasis dermatitis usually involves lifestyle modifications such as exercise and keeping the legs elevated. Compression stockings and topical medication can also help.
Summary
There are many different types of skin rashes. They can have very different appearances, depending on what’s causing them. For example, some may have a scaly or leathery appearance, while others may consist of red spots that are flat or elevated.
Rashes may be short-term or long-term. Treatment varies depending on the cause but may include topical therapies or oral medications.
Browntail Moth Rash Treatment
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28 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Rashes.Zaenglein AL, Pathy AL, Schlosser BJ, et al.Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74(5):945-73.e33. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.12.037Frazier W, Bhardwaj N.Atopic dermatitis: diagnosis and treatment.Am Fam Physician. 2020;101(10):590-598.Miyamoto D, Santi CG, Aoki V, Maruta CW.Bullous pemphigoid.An Bras Dermatol. 2019;94(2):133-146. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20199007National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.Dermatitis herpetiformis.Kareddy S, Babu S, Pappala M.Dermatosis neglecta in inpatients of a tertiary care center: a case series.Indian J Dermatopathol Diagn. 2022;9(2):59-63. doi:10.4103/ijdpdd.ijdpdd_44_21Sasaya EM, Ghislandi C, Trevisan F, Ribeiro TB, Mulinari-Brenner F, Gaiewski CB.Dermatosis neglecta.An Bras Dermatol. 2015;90(3 Suppl 1):59-61. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153656Sangha AM. Dermatological Conditions in SKIN OF COLOR-: Managing Atopic Dermatitis.J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2021;14(3 Suppl 1):S20-S22.Mount Sinai.Erythema multiforme.Mount Sinai.Erythema nodosum.DermNet.Folliculitis.World Health Organization.Herpes simplex virus.Patil A, Goldust M, Wollina U.Herpes zoster: a review of clinical manifestations and management.Viruses. 2022;14(2):192. doi:10.3390/v14020192Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Shingles vaccination.National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Ichthyosis vulgaris.Hartman-Adams H, Banvard C, Juckett G.Impetigo: diagnosis and treatment.Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(4):229-235.Yalçın M, Baş A, Ergelen M, et al.Psychiatric comorbidity and temperament-character traits of the patients with lichen simplex chronicus: the relation with the symptom severity of the disease.Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(6):e14389. doi:10.1111/dth.14389National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Lichen simplex chronicus.Villalon-Gomez JM.Pityriasis rosea: diagnosis and treatment.Am Fam Physician. 2018;97(1):38-44.Kim WB, Jerome D, Yeung J.Diagnosis and management of psoriasis.Can Fam Physician. 2017;63(4):278-285.National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Psoriasis.Biggs HM, Behravesh CB, Bradley KK, et al.Diagnosis and management of tickborne rickettsial diseases: Rocky Mountain spotted fever and other spotted fever group rickettsioses, ehrlichioses, and anaplasmosis - United States.MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016;65(2):1-44. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr6502a1Sharma A, Kroumpouzos G, Kassir M, et al.Rosacea management: a comprehensive review.J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022;21(5):1895-1904. doi:10.1111/jocd.14816Clark GW, Pope SM, Jaboori KA.Diagnosis and treatment of seborrheic dermatitis.Am Fam Physician. 2015;91(3):185-190.Ely JW, Rosenfeld S, Seabury Stone M.Diagnosis and management of tinea infections.Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(10):702-710.Fine LM, Bernstein JA.Guideline of chronic urticaria beyond.Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016;8(5):396-403. doi:10.4168/aair.2016.8.5.396National Foundation for Infectious Diseases.Chickenpox (varicella).Yosipovitch G, Nedorost ST, Silverberg JI, Friedman AJ, Canosa JM, Cha A.Stasis dermatitis: an overview of its clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and management.Am J Clin Dermatol. 2023;24(2):275-286. doi:10.1007/s40257-022-00753-5
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Rashes.Zaenglein AL, Pathy AL, Schlosser BJ, et al.Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74(5):945-73.e33. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.12.037Frazier W, Bhardwaj N.Atopic dermatitis: diagnosis and treatment.Am Fam Physician. 2020;101(10):590-598.Miyamoto D, Santi CG, Aoki V, Maruta CW.Bullous pemphigoid.An Bras Dermatol. 2019;94(2):133-146. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20199007National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.Dermatitis herpetiformis.Kareddy S, Babu S, Pappala M.Dermatosis neglecta in inpatients of a tertiary care center: a case series.Indian J Dermatopathol Diagn. 2022;9(2):59-63. doi:10.4103/ijdpdd.ijdpdd_44_21Sasaya EM, Ghislandi C, Trevisan F, Ribeiro TB, Mulinari-Brenner F, Gaiewski CB.Dermatosis neglecta.An Bras Dermatol. 2015;90(3 Suppl 1):59-61. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153656Sangha AM. Dermatological Conditions in SKIN OF COLOR-: Managing Atopic Dermatitis.J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2021;14(3 Suppl 1):S20-S22.Mount Sinai.Erythema multiforme.Mount Sinai.Erythema nodosum.DermNet.Folliculitis.World Health Organization.Herpes simplex virus.Patil A, Goldust M, Wollina U.Herpes zoster: a review of clinical manifestations and management.Viruses. 2022;14(2):192. doi:10.3390/v14020192Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Shingles vaccination.National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Ichthyosis vulgaris.Hartman-Adams H, Banvard C, Juckett G.Impetigo: diagnosis and treatment.Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(4):229-235.Yalçın M, Baş A, Ergelen M, et al.Psychiatric comorbidity and temperament-character traits of the patients with lichen simplex chronicus: the relation with the symptom severity of the disease.Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(6):e14389. doi:10.1111/dth.14389National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Lichen simplex chronicus.Villalon-Gomez JM.Pityriasis rosea: diagnosis and treatment.Am Fam Physician. 2018;97(1):38-44.Kim WB, Jerome D, Yeung J.Diagnosis and management of psoriasis.Can Fam Physician. 2017;63(4):278-285.National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Psoriasis.Biggs HM, Behravesh CB, Bradley KK, et al.Diagnosis and management of tickborne rickettsial diseases: Rocky Mountain spotted fever and other spotted fever group rickettsioses, ehrlichioses, and anaplasmosis - United States.MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016;65(2):1-44. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr6502a1Sharma A, Kroumpouzos G, Kassir M, et al.Rosacea management: a comprehensive review.J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022;21(5):1895-1904. doi:10.1111/jocd.14816Clark GW, Pope SM, Jaboori KA.Diagnosis and treatment of seborrheic dermatitis.Am Fam Physician. 2015;91(3):185-190.Ely JW, Rosenfeld S, Seabury Stone M.Diagnosis and management of tinea infections.Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(10):702-710.Fine LM, Bernstein JA.Guideline of chronic urticaria beyond.Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016;8(5):396-403. doi:10.4168/aair.2016.8.5.396National Foundation for Infectious Diseases.Chickenpox (varicella).Yosipovitch G, Nedorost ST, Silverberg JI, Friedman AJ, Canosa JM, Cha A.Stasis dermatitis: an overview of its clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and management.Am J Clin Dermatol. 2023;24(2):275-286. doi:10.1007/s40257-022-00753-5
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