Bowed legs can occur in all age groups and has several distinct causes. In some peoplebow legsare a problem that requires treatment, in others, it may be a normal part of development.
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Causes of Bowed Legs
There are a number of different causes of bowed legs.
Normal Development
As a child develops, different parts of the body grow at a different rate. As a result, skeletal alignment can change causing some unusual appearance of the extremities at specific ages. The most common cause of bowed legs in the toddler age range is simply normal development.
Generally, under the age of 2 years, bowed legs are considered a normal process of the developing skeleton. The angle of the bow tends to peak around the age of 18 months, and then gradually resolve within the following year. Most often, children this age are simply observed to ensure their skeletal alignment returns to normal as they continue to grow.
Blount’s Disease
Blount’s disease is a condition that can occur in childhood and adolescence. The problem in these children is an abnormal growth plate at the top of theshin bone (tibia).
In very young children, it can be difficult to differentiate Blount’s disease from normal developmental bowing, however kids with Blount’s disease will not gradually improve, and the X-ray appearance of their growth plate will show characteristic abnormalities.
Bowed Legs in Children and Adults
Rickets
Rickets has become a very rare condition in the developed world, although it is still common in developing parts of the world. The most common cause of rickets is a nutritional deficiency of calcium orvitamin D, which are important nutrients for good bone health.
Fortunately, with the advent of fortified foods, nutritional rickets has become very uncommon in the developed world.
What Is Rickets?
Osteoarthritis
In adults, bowing of the legs can be the result of osteoarthritis or wear-and-tear arthritis of the knees.This condition can wear away the cartilage and surrounding bone of the knee joint. If the wear is more on the inner side of the knee joint, a bow-legged deformity may develop.
In some cases, the degree of bowing of the legs can correspond to the severity of arthritis along the inner side of the knee joint.
Treatment Options
Children
In young children under the age of 2 years old, bow legs are typically observed to see if, with continued growth and development, the condition will spontaneously resolve. Kids with Blount’s disease may require surgical treatment to alter the growth of the tibia bone or to realign the bones, depending on the severity of the condition and the growth remaining.
Adults
Adults with severe arthritis most often considerknee replacement surgery. However, if the adult is younger, for example in their 20s, 30s, or 40s, they may consider a surgical procedure to realign the bone.
By performing this procedure, called an osteotomy, the forces acting on the knee joint can often be shifted from the unhealthy part of the joint to the healthy part of the joint and correct the alignment of the knee.
Frequently Asked Questions
Osteoarthritisis a potential cause of bowed legs in adults. It is a common form of arthritis that also causes joint pain, stiffness, limited range of motion, joint enlargement, and swelling.
Genu varum andvarus deformityare medical terms used to describe bowed legs. It indicates that the knee joint is bowed or bent outward.
Can Exercise and Stretching Fix Bow Legs?
6 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Espandar R, Mortazavi SM, Baghdadi T.Angular deformities of the lower limb in children.Asian J Sports Med. 2010;1(1):46-53. doi:10.5812/asjsm.34871Taksande A, Kumar A, Vilhekar K, Chaurasiya S.Infantile blount disease: a case report.Malays Fam Physician. 2009;4(1):30-2.Uday S, Högler W.Nutritional rickets and osteomalacia in the twenty-first century: revised concepts, public health, and prevention strategies.Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2017;15(4):293-302. doi:10.1007/s11914-017-0383-yHunter DJ, McDougall JJ, Keefe FJ.The symptoms of osteoarthritis and the genesis of pain.Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2008;34(3):623-43. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2008.05.004American College of Rheumatology.Paget’s disease of bone.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Blount’s disease.
6 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Espandar R, Mortazavi SM, Baghdadi T.Angular deformities of the lower limb in children.Asian J Sports Med. 2010;1(1):46-53. doi:10.5812/asjsm.34871Taksande A, Kumar A, Vilhekar K, Chaurasiya S.Infantile blount disease: a case report.Malays Fam Physician. 2009;4(1):30-2.Uday S, Högler W.Nutritional rickets and osteomalacia in the twenty-first century: revised concepts, public health, and prevention strategies.Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2017;15(4):293-302. doi:10.1007/s11914-017-0383-yHunter DJ, McDougall JJ, Keefe FJ.The symptoms of osteoarthritis and the genesis of pain.Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2008;34(3):623-43. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2008.05.004American College of Rheumatology.Paget’s disease of bone.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Blount’s disease.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Espandar R, Mortazavi SM, Baghdadi T.Angular deformities of the lower limb in children.Asian J Sports Med. 2010;1(1):46-53. doi:10.5812/asjsm.34871Taksande A, Kumar A, Vilhekar K, Chaurasiya S.Infantile blount disease: a case report.Malays Fam Physician. 2009;4(1):30-2.Uday S, Högler W.Nutritional rickets and osteomalacia in the twenty-first century: revised concepts, public health, and prevention strategies.Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2017;15(4):293-302. doi:10.1007/s11914-017-0383-yHunter DJ, McDougall JJ, Keefe FJ.The symptoms of osteoarthritis and the genesis of pain.Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2008;34(3):623-43. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2008.05.004American College of Rheumatology.Paget’s disease of bone.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Blount’s disease.
Espandar R, Mortazavi SM, Baghdadi T.Angular deformities of the lower limb in children.Asian J Sports Med. 2010;1(1):46-53. doi:10.5812/asjsm.34871
Taksande A, Kumar A, Vilhekar K, Chaurasiya S.Infantile blount disease: a case report.Malays Fam Physician. 2009;4(1):30-2.
Uday S, Högler W.Nutritional rickets and osteomalacia in the twenty-first century: revised concepts, public health, and prevention strategies.Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2017;15(4):293-302. doi:10.1007/s11914-017-0383-y
Hunter DJ, McDougall JJ, Keefe FJ.The symptoms of osteoarthritis and the genesis of pain.Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2008;34(3):623-43. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2008.05.004
American College of Rheumatology.Paget’s disease of bone.
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Blount’s disease.
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