Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsUsesSide EffectsPrecautionsDosageToxicityInteractionsHow to StoreFrequently Asked QuestionsSources & What to Look For
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Uses
Side Effects
Precautions
Dosage
Toxicity
Interactions
How to Store
Frequently Asked Questions
Sources & What to Look For
Grape seed extract (Vitis vinifera,GSE) is a natural substance available in capsule and tablet form. Typically made fromgrapeseeds left over from wine production, it has been studied for possible benefits in heart health, diabetes management, and high blood pressure treatment. However, evidence to support GSE supplementation for any health condition is lacking.
There’s no recommended dosage for grape seed extract, Side effects can include headache, stomach upset, and more. Due to possible blood-thinning effects, those who have hypertension or awaiting surgery shouldn’t take GSE. Likewise, some formulations include peanut skin extract, so those with peanut allergies should avoid the supplement.
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not regulate supplements the way it regulates prescription drugs. That means some supplement products may not contain what the label says. Whenchoosing a supplement, look for independently tested products and consult a healthcare provider, registered dietitian nutritionist (RD or RDN), or pharmacist.
Uses of Grape Seed Extract
Today, we know that grape seed extract contains oligomeric proanthocyanidin (OPC), an antioxidant believed to improve certain health conditions. Limited—and sometimes conflicting—scientific evidence suggests GSE may have benefits for the following:
However, scientific support for the potential benefits of GSE is very limited. There is insufficient evidence to determine if GSE can improve any of these conditions. Most research focuses on cardiovascular health, blood pressure, and risk factor modification.
No supplement is intended to treat, cure, or prevent disease.
Heart Health
Grape seed extract may have heart-health benefits. Some studies have suggested it may modestly improve blood pressure, cholesterol, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.However, evidence is conflicting—other studies have shown no effect on the same measures.
Grape seed extract may be more beneficial for those with obesity. One small study of 40 people showed improvement in several heart disease risk factors—including cholesterol levels—when they took GSE supplements and followed a calorie-restricted diet for 12 weeks.However, in this case, it would be hard to know if the diet or the GSE led to the improvement in risk factors.
Further research is still needed before recommending GSE supplementation. For now, following a heart-healthy diet and maintaining a healthy weight are known to reduce risk factors for heart disease.
Are Grapes Good for Weight Loss?
High Blood Pressure
As with other cardiovascular indicators, evidence regarding grape seed extract’s effects on blood pressure is conflicting.
A meta-analysis from 2011 found that GSE significantly lowered systolic blood pressure and heart rate.
A 2016 meta-analysis of 16 small clinical trials found GSE lowered blood pressure somewhat overall, but had a more pronounced effect in people with obesity or those who are younger (under 50), as well as for people who already had a metabolic condition, such asmetabolic syndrome.(Metabolic syndrome is a group of conditions, such as high blood sugar, that can contribute to heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke.) The authors suggested a large-scale clinical trial is warranted.
A 2021 systematic review concluded that GSE may improve blood pressure in people with hypertension (high blood pressure) or metabolic syndrome.Further large clinical trials are warranted to clarify the expected outcomes of GSE and appropriate dosing.
Diabetes
There is some evidence suggesting GSE can be beneficial for people withdiabetes. A 2020 review of 15 small studies found that GSE lowered fasting blood sugar, but it did not affect hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)—a more accurate, longer-term measure of blood sugar levels.
More studies are needed. Always consult a healthcare provider for medical advice regarding the treatment or prevention of a health condition.
What Are the Side Effects of Grape Seed Extract?
There is a lack of safety data on people who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Therefore, GSE is not recommended for these groups.
You should also avoid supplements containing GSE if you:
Be aware that some GSE products may contain peanut skin extract. For this reason, you should be diligent about researching which supplements to use if you have a peanut allergy.
If you have high blood pressure, do not combine high doses of grape seed extract withvitamin C. The combination might worsen blood pressure.
Dosage: How Much Grape Seed Extract Should I Take?
Due to the lack of supporting research, it’s too soon to recommend a specific dose of GSE for any health purpose. Different doses of the extract have been used in research.
For example, doses ranging from 100 milligrams to 400 milligrams daily for six to 12 weeks have been researched. However, your recommended dose may vary based on gender, age, weight, and medical history.
If you are considering using GSE, talk with a healthcare provider first. Self-treating a condition and avoiding or delaying standard care may have serious consequences.
What Happens if I Take Too Much Grape Seed Extract?
Grape seed extract may have a blood-thinning effect. Therefore, adding it to your daily regimen, along with prescribed blood thinners, could increase your risk of bleeding and bruising.
Examples of blood thinning medications include:
This is not a complete list of drugs that can interact with GSE. Ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist for more detailed information on medication interactions.
How to Store Grape Seed Extract
Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for proper storage. Keep all medications and supplements out of reach of children and pets to prevent accidental consumption.
Frequently Asked QuestionsGrapes can be a healthy snack, but the concentration of the antioxidant OPC will be much higher in the extract than when you consume a single serving of grapes.No. There is not enough evidence to support supplementing GSE if you have cancer. Preliminary studies of GSE have provided mixed results for its use in cancer, and no studies have shown that it prevents cancer. The preliminary studies have suggested it may have a role as adjunctive (add-on) therapy for people undergoing chemotherapy, but further research is needed before recommending it for this use.There is not enough evidence to determine whether or not GSE is good for your liver. GSE may have a role in improving liver enzymes. A systematic review found that GSE significantly improved liver enzymes compared with placebo; however, the authors questioned if the improvement was enough to be clinically important.There isn’t enough evidence to support this statement. Some small studies have suggested that phlebotonics (including GSE) may help reduce leg swelling associated with venous insufficiency. However, larger clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings before recommending the use of GSE. Additionally, only one of the 53 studies looked into GSE.
Grapes can be a healthy snack, but the concentration of the antioxidant OPC will be much higher in the extract than when you consume a single serving of grapes.
No. There is not enough evidence to support supplementing GSE if you have cancer. Preliminary studies of GSE have provided mixed results for its use in cancer, and no studies have shown that it prevents cancer. The preliminary studies have suggested it may have a role as adjunctive (add-on) therapy for people undergoing chemotherapy, but further research is needed before recommending it for this use.
There is not enough evidence to determine whether or not GSE is good for your liver. GSE may have a role in improving liver enzymes. A systematic review found that GSE significantly improved liver enzymes compared with placebo; however, the authors questioned if the improvement was enough to be clinically important.
There isn’t enough evidence to support this statement. Some small studies have suggested that phlebotonics (including GSE) may help reduce leg swelling associated with venous insufficiency. However, larger clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings before recommending the use of GSE. Additionally, only one of the 53 studies looked into GSE.
Sources of Grape Seed Extract & What to Look For
Grape seed extract is available in capsules and tablets and as a liquid. The antioxidant compound oligomeric proanthocyanidin (OPC) is found in grape skin extracts and grape seeds.
Before buying this or any supplement, the National Institutes of Health recommends looking for a Supplement Facts label on the product.This label will tell you the amount of active ingredient contained in each serving and information about other added ingredients.
Summary
Grape seed extract is a natural substance usually sourced from grape seeds that can be found in supplement form. It is marketed for use in several health conditions. However, research is lacking to support its use.
Most of the research suggests a possible role in supporting heart health. It may also help reduce high cholesterol, inflammatory markers, and blood pressure. Still, larger studies are needed to confirm these claims.
If you have concerns about heart health, talk to your healthcare provider first to determine your risk factors. A heart health plan should include eating a heart-healthy diet, practicing behavior modification, getting physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and sometimes taking prescription medications, if indicated. GSE is not a “magic pill,” and taking it alone is not the answer to eliminating risk factors for heart disease.
15 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health.Grape seed extract.Martinez-Zapata MJ, Vernooij RW, Uriona Tuma SM, et al.Phlebotonics for venous insufficiency.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4(4):CD003229. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003229.pub3Liu M, Yun P, Hu Y, Yang J, Khadka RB, Peng X.Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on obesity.Obes Facts. 2020;13(2):279-291. doi:10.1159/000502235Asbaghi O, Nazarian B, Reiner Ž, et al.The effects of grape seed extract on glycemic control, serum lipoproteins, inflammation, and body weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Phytother Res. 2020;34(2):239-253. doi:10.1002/ptr.6518Anjom-Shoae J, Milajerdi A, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A.Effects of grape seed extract on dyslipidaemia: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Br J Nutr.2020;124(2):121-134. doi:10.1017/S0007114520000902Woerdeman J, van Poelgeest E, Ket JCF, Eringa EC, Serné EH, Smulders YM.Do grape polyphenols improve metabolic syndrome components? A systematic review.Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017;71(12):1381-1392. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.227Yousefi R, Parandoosh M, Khorsandi H, et al.Grape seed extract supplementation along with a restricted-calorie diet improves cardiovascular risk factors in obese or overweight adult individuals: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Phytother Res. 2021;35(2):987-995. doi:10.1002/ptr.6859Parandoosh M, Yousefi R, Khorsandi H, Nikpayam O, Saidpour A, Babaei H.The effects of grape seed extract (vitis vinifera) supplement on inflammatory markers, neuropeptide Y, anthropometric measures, and appetite in obese or overweight individuals: A randomized clinical trial.Phytother Res. 2020;34(2):379-387. doi:10.1002/ptr.6529Feringa HH, Laskey DA, Dickson JE, Coleman CI.The effect of grape seed extract on cardiovascular risk markers: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.J Am Diet Assoc. 2011;111(8):1173-1181. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2011.05.015Zhang H, Liu S, Li L, et al.The impact of grape seed extract treatment on blood pressure changes: A meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials.Medicine(Baltimore). 2016;95(33):e4247. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000004247Grohmann T, Litts C, Horgan G, et al.Efficacy of bilberry and grape seed extract supplement interventions to improve glucose and cholesterol metabolism and blood pressure in different populations-a systematic review of the literature.Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1692. doi:10.3390/nu13051692Berry AC, Nakshabendi R, Abidali H, et al.Adverse effects of grape seed extract supplement: a clinical case and long-term follow-up.J Diet Suppl. 2016;13(2):232-235. doi:10.3109/19390211.2015.1008617Villani TS, Reichert W, Ferruzzi MG, et al.Chemical investigation of commercial grape seed derived products to assess quality and detect adulteration.Food Chem. 2015;170:271-280. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.084Zamani M, Ashtary-Larky D, Hafizi N, et al.The effect of grape products on liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Phytother Res. 2022;36(12):4491-4503. doi:10.1002/ptr.7653National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements.Dietary supplements: What you need to know.Additional ReadingGrape Seed.Penn State Hershey. Milton S. Hershey Medical Center. Health Information LibraryGrape. Natural Medicines Database. Professional Monograph. 2/6/2019Grape Seed.Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. About Herbs, Botanicals, and Other Products. March 30, 2018Kar P, Laight D, Rooprai HK, Shaw KM, Cummings M. “Effects of Grape Seed Extract in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects at High Cardiovascular Risk: a Double Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial Examining Metabolic Markers, Vascular Tone, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Insulin Sensitivity.” Diabet Med. 2009 26(5):526-31.National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. “Grape Seed Extract [NCCAM Herbs at a Glance]” NCCAM Publication No. D370. Created March 2007. Updated May 2008.Sivaprakasapillai B, Edirisinghe I, Randolph J, Steinberg F, Kappagoda T. “Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Blood Pressure in Subjects With the Metabolic Syndrome.” Metabolism. 2009 58(12):1743-6.Wang YJ, Thomas P, Zhong JH, Bi FF, Kosaraju S, Pollard A, Fenech M, Zhou XF. “Consumption of Grape Seed Extract Prevents Amyloid-Beta Deposition and Attenuates Inflammation in Brain of an Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse.” Neurotox Res. 2009 15(1):3-14.
15 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health.Grape seed extract.Martinez-Zapata MJ, Vernooij RW, Uriona Tuma SM, et al.Phlebotonics for venous insufficiency.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4(4):CD003229. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003229.pub3Liu M, Yun P, Hu Y, Yang J, Khadka RB, Peng X.Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on obesity.Obes Facts. 2020;13(2):279-291. doi:10.1159/000502235Asbaghi O, Nazarian B, Reiner Ž, et al.The effects of grape seed extract on glycemic control, serum lipoproteins, inflammation, and body weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Phytother Res. 2020;34(2):239-253. doi:10.1002/ptr.6518Anjom-Shoae J, Milajerdi A, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A.Effects of grape seed extract on dyslipidaemia: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Br J Nutr.2020;124(2):121-134. doi:10.1017/S0007114520000902Woerdeman J, van Poelgeest E, Ket JCF, Eringa EC, Serné EH, Smulders YM.Do grape polyphenols improve metabolic syndrome components? A systematic review.Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017;71(12):1381-1392. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.227Yousefi R, Parandoosh M, Khorsandi H, et al.Grape seed extract supplementation along with a restricted-calorie diet improves cardiovascular risk factors in obese or overweight adult individuals: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Phytother Res. 2021;35(2):987-995. doi:10.1002/ptr.6859Parandoosh M, Yousefi R, Khorsandi H, Nikpayam O, Saidpour A, Babaei H.The effects of grape seed extract (vitis vinifera) supplement on inflammatory markers, neuropeptide Y, anthropometric measures, and appetite in obese or overweight individuals: A randomized clinical trial.Phytother Res. 2020;34(2):379-387. doi:10.1002/ptr.6529Feringa HH, Laskey DA, Dickson JE, Coleman CI.The effect of grape seed extract on cardiovascular risk markers: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.J Am Diet Assoc. 2011;111(8):1173-1181. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2011.05.015Zhang H, Liu S, Li L, et al.The impact of grape seed extract treatment on blood pressure changes: A meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials.Medicine(Baltimore). 2016;95(33):e4247. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000004247Grohmann T, Litts C, Horgan G, et al.Efficacy of bilberry and grape seed extract supplement interventions to improve glucose and cholesterol metabolism and blood pressure in different populations-a systematic review of the literature.Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1692. doi:10.3390/nu13051692Berry AC, Nakshabendi R, Abidali H, et al.Adverse effects of grape seed extract supplement: a clinical case and long-term follow-up.J Diet Suppl. 2016;13(2):232-235. doi:10.3109/19390211.2015.1008617Villani TS, Reichert W, Ferruzzi MG, et al.Chemical investigation of commercial grape seed derived products to assess quality and detect adulteration.Food Chem. 2015;170:271-280. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.084Zamani M, Ashtary-Larky D, Hafizi N, et al.The effect of grape products on liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Phytother Res. 2022;36(12):4491-4503. doi:10.1002/ptr.7653National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements.Dietary supplements: What you need to know.Additional ReadingGrape Seed.Penn State Hershey. Milton S. Hershey Medical Center. Health Information LibraryGrape. Natural Medicines Database. Professional Monograph. 2/6/2019Grape Seed.Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. About Herbs, Botanicals, and Other Products. March 30, 2018Kar P, Laight D, Rooprai HK, Shaw KM, Cummings M. “Effects of Grape Seed Extract in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects at High Cardiovascular Risk: a Double Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial Examining Metabolic Markers, Vascular Tone, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Insulin Sensitivity.” Diabet Med. 2009 26(5):526-31.National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. “Grape Seed Extract [NCCAM Herbs at a Glance]” NCCAM Publication No. D370. Created March 2007. Updated May 2008.Sivaprakasapillai B, Edirisinghe I, Randolph J, Steinberg F, Kappagoda T. “Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Blood Pressure in Subjects With the Metabolic Syndrome.” Metabolism. 2009 58(12):1743-6.Wang YJ, Thomas P, Zhong JH, Bi FF, Kosaraju S, Pollard A, Fenech M, Zhou XF. “Consumption of Grape Seed Extract Prevents Amyloid-Beta Deposition and Attenuates Inflammation in Brain of an Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse.” Neurotox Res. 2009 15(1):3-14.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health.Grape seed extract.Martinez-Zapata MJ, Vernooij RW, Uriona Tuma SM, et al.Phlebotonics for venous insufficiency.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4(4):CD003229. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003229.pub3Liu M, Yun P, Hu Y, Yang J, Khadka RB, Peng X.Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on obesity.Obes Facts. 2020;13(2):279-291. doi:10.1159/000502235Asbaghi O, Nazarian B, Reiner Ž, et al.The effects of grape seed extract on glycemic control, serum lipoproteins, inflammation, and body weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Phytother Res. 2020;34(2):239-253. doi:10.1002/ptr.6518Anjom-Shoae J, Milajerdi A, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A.Effects of grape seed extract on dyslipidaemia: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Br J Nutr.2020;124(2):121-134. doi:10.1017/S0007114520000902Woerdeman J, van Poelgeest E, Ket JCF, Eringa EC, Serné EH, Smulders YM.Do grape polyphenols improve metabolic syndrome components? A systematic review.Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017;71(12):1381-1392. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.227Yousefi R, Parandoosh M, Khorsandi H, et al.Grape seed extract supplementation along with a restricted-calorie diet improves cardiovascular risk factors in obese or overweight adult individuals: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Phytother Res. 2021;35(2):987-995. doi:10.1002/ptr.6859Parandoosh M, Yousefi R, Khorsandi H, Nikpayam O, Saidpour A, Babaei H.The effects of grape seed extract (vitis vinifera) supplement on inflammatory markers, neuropeptide Y, anthropometric measures, and appetite in obese or overweight individuals: A randomized clinical trial.Phytother Res. 2020;34(2):379-387. doi:10.1002/ptr.6529Feringa HH, Laskey DA, Dickson JE, Coleman CI.The effect of grape seed extract on cardiovascular risk markers: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.J Am Diet Assoc. 2011;111(8):1173-1181. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2011.05.015Zhang H, Liu S, Li L, et al.The impact of grape seed extract treatment on blood pressure changes: A meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials.Medicine(Baltimore). 2016;95(33):e4247. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000004247Grohmann T, Litts C, Horgan G, et al.Efficacy of bilberry and grape seed extract supplement interventions to improve glucose and cholesterol metabolism and blood pressure in different populations-a systematic review of the literature.Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1692. doi:10.3390/nu13051692Berry AC, Nakshabendi R, Abidali H, et al.Adverse effects of grape seed extract supplement: a clinical case and long-term follow-up.J Diet Suppl. 2016;13(2):232-235. doi:10.3109/19390211.2015.1008617Villani TS, Reichert W, Ferruzzi MG, et al.Chemical investigation of commercial grape seed derived products to assess quality and detect adulteration.Food Chem. 2015;170:271-280. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.084Zamani M, Ashtary-Larky D, Hafizi N, et al.The effect of grape products on liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Phytother Res. 2022;36(12):4491-4503. doi:10.1002/ptr.7653National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements.Dietary supplements: What you need to know.
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health.Grape seed extract.
Martinez-Zapata MJ, Vernooij RW, Uriona Tuma SM, et al.Phlebotonics for venous insufficiency.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4(4):CD003229. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003229.pub3
Liu M, Yun P, Hu Y, Yang J, Khadka RB, Peng X.Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on obesity.Obes Facts. 2020;13(2):279-291. doi:10.1159/000502235
Asbaghi O, Nazarian B, Reiner Ž, et al.The effects of grape seed extract on glycemic control, serum lipoproteins, inflammation, and body weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Phytother Res. 2020;34(2):239-253. doi:10.1002/ptr.6518
Anjom-Shoae J, Milajerdi A, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A.Effects of grape seed extract on dyslipidaemia: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Br J Nutr.2020;124(2):121-134. doi:10.1017/S0007114520000902
Woerdeman J, van Poelgeest E, Ket JCF, Eringa EC, Serné EH, Smulders YM.Do grape polyphenols improve metabolic syndrome components? A systematic review.Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017;71(12):1381-1392. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.227
Yousefi R, Parandoosh M, Khorsandi H, et al.Grape seed extract supplementation along with a restricted-calorie diet improves cardiovascular risk factors in obese or overweight adult individuals: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Phytother Res. 2021;35(2):987-995. doi:10.1002/ptr.6859
Parandoosh M, Yousefi R, Khorsandi H, Nikpayam O, Saidpour A, Babaei H.The effects of grape seed extract (vitis vinifera) supplement on inflammatory markers, neuropeptide Y, anthropometric measures, and appetite in obese or overweight individuals: A randomized clinical trial.Phytother Res. 2020;34(2):379-387. doi:10.1002/ptr.6529
Feringa HH, Laskey DA, Dickson JE, Coleman CI.The effect of grape seed extract on cardiovascular risk markers: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.J Am Diet Assoc. 2011;111(8):1173-1181. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2011.05.015
Zhang H, Liu S, Li L, et al.The impact of grape seed extract treatment on blood pressure changes: A meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials.Medicine(Baltimore). 2016;95(33):e4247. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000004247
Grohmann T, Litts C, Horgan G, et al.Efficacy of bilberry and grape seed extract supplement interventions to improve glucose and cholesterol metabolism and blood pressure in different populations-a systematic review of the literature.Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1692. doi:10.3390/nu13051692
Berry AC, Nakshabendi R, Abidali H, et al.Adverse effects of grape seed extract supplement: a clinical case and long-term follow-up.J Diet Suppl. 2016;13(2):232-235. doi:10.3109/19390211.2015.1008617
Villani TS, Reichert W, Ferruzzi MG, et al.Chemical investigation of commercial grape seed derived products to assess quality and detect adulteration.Food Chem. 2015;170:271-280. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.084
Zamani M, Ashtary-Larky D, Hafizi N, et al.The effect of grape products on liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Phytother Res. 2022;36(12):4491-4503. doi:10.1002/ptr.7653
National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements.Dietary supplements: What you need to know.
Grape Seed.Penn State Hershey. Milton S. Hershey Medical Center. Health Information LibraryGrape. Natural Medicines Database. Professional Monograph. 2/6/2019Grape Seed.Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. About Herbs, Botanicals, and Other Products. March 30, 2018Kar P, Laight D, Rooprai HK, Shaw KM, Cummings M. “Effects of Grape Seed Extract in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects at High Cardiovascular Risk: a Double Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial Examining Metabolic Markers, Vascular Tone, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Insulin Sensitivity.” Diabet Med. 2009 26(5):526-31.National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. “Grape Seed Extract [NCCAM Herbs at a Glance]” NCCAM Publication No. D370. Created March 2007. Updated May 2008.Sivaprakasapillai B, Edirisinghe I, Randolph J, Steinberg F, Kappagoda T. “Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Blood Pressure in Subjects With the Metabolic Syndrome.” Metabolism. 2009 58(12):1743-6.Wang YJ, Thomas P, Zhong JH, Bi FF, Kosaraju S, Pollard A, Fenech M, Zhou XF. “Consumption of Grape Seed Extract Prevents Amyloid-Beta Deposition and Attenuates Inflammation in Brain of an Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse.” Neurotox Res. 2009 15(1):3-14.
Grape Seed.Penn State Hershey. Milton S. Hershey Medical Center. Health Information Library
Grape. Natural Medicines Database. Professional Monograph. 2/6/2019
Grape Seed.Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. About Herbs, Botanicals, and Other Products. March 30, 2018
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