Boils can show up in odd places. They can show up anywhere on your body, including your pubic area. This article explains boil symptoms using pictures of skin boils from MRSA and other infections. It also describes the differences between boils and similar skin conditions and the conditions that result in boils.
What Causes Boils and How Do You Get Rid of Them?
Boil Symptoms
Skin boils can have a pinkish, red, or whitish-yellow color on lighter skin tones and a purplish, brown, or black color on darker skin tones.
Symptoms include:
Boil vs. Pimple
Sometimes, with acne, bacteria can infect clogged pores, leading to inflammation and redness or darkening of the skin. This type of acne is known asinflammatory acne.
Boil vs. Pimple: Signs, Causes, and Treatments for Each
Many people alsomisidentify a boil for a bug or spider bite. Unless you catch a spider in the act of biting, an infection likely is what’s causing a boil.
1
MRSA Blister
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoGregory Moran, MD. / Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See Photo
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.
Gregory Moran, MD. / Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Other forms of MRSA and group AStreptococcusbacteria cause skin infections that look very similar.
Symptoms
MRSA can colonize (live) on the skin and cause no harm. However, when you have a cut or scrape, the bacterium can enter the body and cause infection. When this occurs, symptoms may include:
Healthcare providers may suspect MRSA if you’re showing these symptoms, but will need to test for MRSA before they can make a diagnosis.
Signs of a deeper, more dangerous infection include an area that keeps growing, a raised center that oozes pus, increasing tenderness, and fatigue.
See a healthcare provider if your boil is not healing on its own or the infection is spreading. The earlier you get medical care, the better. It’s less likely the infection will get serious when you get treatment as early as possible.
Treatment
Due to this bacterium’s resistance to many standard antibiotics, treating this infection requires specific types of medication and dosages. Usually, treatment involves a seven- to 10-day course of oral antibiotics such as:
Always take the full course ofantibiotics. If you don’t take antibiotics for as many days as your healthcare provider prescribes, MRSA may not fully go away. Even if you start to feel better, you could still have MRSA and may develop symptoms again.
2Cystic AcneSinenkiy / Getty ImagesCystic acneis the most severe type of acne. It causes acne cysts that form deep under the skin.It occurs when pores become clogged with excesssebum(an oily substance found in glands) and dead skin cells. When bacteria infect these clogged pores, the immune system reacts to fight the threat. This reaction causes deep swelling in the skin’s middle layer (the dermis).SymptomsAn acne cyst is usually red or darker than your skin tone and may have a whitish-yellow head. A cyst can be crusty, painful, or tender to touch, and either large or small in size.Since the face has an abundance of oil glands, acne cysts tend to appear there. However, they can also appear on the back, butt, chest, neck, shoulders, and upper arms.Boils differ from cysts. Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that are typically noninfectious and noncontagious. However, cysts can become infected if bacteria get in broken skin. In addition, boils usually multiply and can be painful, while cysts typically grow slowly and aren’t painful.TreatmentTreating cystic acne typically includes taking oral antibiotics and applying certain topical gels or creams (often prescription-strength) to the affected area. Some treatments include the use of:Azelaic acidBenzoyl peroxideRetinoidsSalicylic acidIsotretinoin
2
Cystic AcneSinenkiy / Getty ImagesCystic acneis the most severe type of acne. It causes acne cysts that form deep under the skin.It occurs when pores become clogged with excesssebum(an oily substance found in glands) and dead skin cells. When bacteria infect these clogged pores, the immune system reacts to fight the threat. This reaction causes deep swelling in the skin’s middle layer (the dermis).SymptomsAn acne cyst is usually red or darker than your skin tone and may have a whitish-yellow head. A cyst can be crusty, painful, or tender to touch, and either large or small in size.Since the face has an abundance of oil glands, acne cysts tend to appear there. However, they can also appear on the back, butt, chest, neck, shoulders, and upper arms.Boils differ from cysts. Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that are typically noninfectious and noncontagious. However, cysts can become infected if bacteria get in broken skin. In addition, boils usually multiply and can be painful, while cysts typically grow slowly and aren’t painful.TreatmentTreating cystic acne typically includes taking oral antibiotics and applying certain topical gels or creams (often prescription-strength) to the affected area. Some treatments include the use of:Azelaic acidBenzoyl peroxideRetinoidsSalicylic acidIsotretinoin
Cystic Acne
Sinenkiy / Getty Images
Cystic acneis the most severe type of acne. It causes acne cysts that form deep under the skin.
It occurs when pores become clogged with excesssebum(an oily substance found in glands) and dead skin cells. When bacteria infect these clogged pores, the immune system reacts to fight the threat. This reaction causes deep swelling in the skin’s middle layer (the dermis).
An acne cyst is usually red or darker than your skin tone and may have a whitish-yellow head. A cyst can be crusty, painful, or tender to touch, and either large or small in size.
Since the face has an abundance of oil glands, acne cysts tend to appear there. However, they can also appear on the back, butt, chest, neck, shoulders, and upper arms.
Boils differ from cysts. Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that are typically noninfectious and noncontagious. However, cysts can become infected if bacteria get in broken skin. In addition, boils usually multiply and can be painful, while cysts typically grow slowly and aren’t painful.
Treating cystic acne typically includes taking oral antibiotics and applying certain topical gels or creams (often prescription-strength) to the affected area. Some treatments include the use of:
3
Impetigo
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoDr. Ricardo Hoogstra / Hoogstra Medical Centers
Dr. Ricardo Hoogstra / Hoogstra Medical Centers
Impetigois a bacterial skin infection that is pretty common in kids (in fact, some incorrectly pronounce itinfantigo). It comes from eitherStaphylococcusorStreptococcusbacteria.
Symptoms of impetigo typically occur within three days after infection. They can include:
Treating impetigo typically involves applying prescribedtopical antibioticssuch as mupirocin, retapamulin, and fusidic acid. Oral antibiotics such as amoxicillin/clavulanate, dicloxacillin, clindamycin, and others may also be used.
4Hidradenitis SuppurativaThis photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoJere Mammino, DO / American Osteopathic College of DermatologyHidradenitis suppurativa, sometimes referred to as acne inversa, is a chronic skin disease that affects the sweat glands and hair follicles. This condition causes bumps on the skin that can turn into painful boils. After they heal, scarring occurs.It’s unknown why some people develop this condition. However, it’s thought that sex hormones and lifestyle factors like smoking may play a role.Experts believe that hidradenitis suppurativa occurs when an abnormal growth of cells clogs hair follicles. This debris buildup eventually causes the follicle to rupture, leading to inflammation and scarring.Inflammationis an immune system response to aid in the healing process.SymptomsSymptoms of hidradenitis suppurativa include:PainSwellingPimple-like, pus-filled lesionsScarringThe condition typically affects areas where skin touches skin, such as the underarms, groin, buttocks, and breasts.TreatmentFor mild cases, treatment usually involves taking anti-inflammatory medications. In addition, applying topical cleansing agents, such as acne washes and antibacterial soaps, can help.Treatment for more severe cases may include:CorticosteroidsAntibiotics such astetracyclineand erythromycinHumira (adalimumab)Acne surgical proceduresCorticosteroids for Inflammation: Types and Uses
4
Hidradenitis SuppurativaThis photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoJere Mammino, DO / American Osteopathic College of DermatologyHidradenitis suppurativa, sometimes referred to as acne inversa, is a chronic skin disease that affects the sweat glands and hair follicles. This condition causes bumps on the skin that can turn into painful boils. After they heal, scarring occurs.It’s unknown why some people develop this condition. However, it’s thought that sex hormones and lifestyle factors like smoking may play a role.Experts believe that hidradenitis suppurativa occurs when an abnormal growth of cells clogs hair follicles. This debris buildup eventually causes the follicle to rupture, leading to inflammation and scarring.Inflammationis an immune system response to aid in the healing process.SymptomsSymptoms of hidradenitis suppurativa include:PainSwellingPimple-like, pus-filled lesionsScarringThe condition typically affects areas where skin touches skin, such as the underarms, groin, buttocks, and breasts.TreatmentFor mild cases, treatment usually involves taking anti-inflammatory medications. In addition, applying topical cleansing agents, such as acne washes and antibacterial soaps, can help.Treatment for more severe cases may include:CorticosteroidsAntibiotics such astetracyclineand erythromycinHumira (adalimumab)Acne surgical proceduresCorticosteroids for Inflammation: Types and Uses
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoJere Mammino, DO / American Osteopathic College of Dermatology
Jere Mammino, DO / American Osteopathic College of Dermatology
Hidradenitis suppurativa, sometimes referred to as acne inversa, is a chronic skin disease that affects the sweat glands and hair follicles. This condition causes bumps on the skin that can turn into painful boils. After they heal, scarring occurs.
It’s unknown why some people develop this condition. However, it’s thought that sex hormones and lifestyle factors like smoking may play a role.
Experts believe that hidradenitis suppurativa occurs when an abnormal growth of cells clogs hair follicles. This debris buildup eventually causes the follicle to rupture, leading to inflammation and scarring.Inflammationis an immune system response to aid in the healing process.
Symptoms of hidradenitis suppurativa include:
The condition typically affects areas where skin touches skin, such as the underarms, groin, buttocks, and breasts.
For mild cases, treatment usually involves taking anti-inflammatory medications. In addition, applying topical cleansing agents, such as acne washes and antibacterial soaps, can help.
Treatment for more severe cases may include:
Corticosteroids for Inflammation: Types and Uses
5
Stye
Mariia Skovpen / Getty Images
Astye(hordeolum) is a painful, red bump that develops on the eyelid. On darker skin tones, the redness may be more difficult to see.
A stye can form either on the outer or inner eyelid. A stye isn’t usually contagious, but it can release small amounts of bacteria. This bacteria can spread through physical touch or contact with items such as pillows.
Symptoms of a stye can include:
Styes typically clear without medical treatment in one to two weeks. Self-care methods may speed healing. A common way to clear a stye is to place warm compresses on the eyelid for 10 to 15 minutes at a time, three to five times a day.
Seeing an ophthalmologist may be wise if your stye doesn’t improve with at-home care. An ophthalmologist may prescribe topical or oral antibiotics and ensure there’s no underlying problem. Also, a healthcare provider may surgically drain a stye if it blocks vision or does not clear with antibiotics.
6
Carbuncle
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoKatherine Humphries / StatPearls: Carbuncle
Katherine Humphries / StatPearls: Carbuncle
Research reveals that carbuncles are commonly associated withdiabetes.
Because a carbuncle affects deeper layers under the skin, symptoms are more severe than a single boil.
Typically, the affected area is red or darker than your normal skin tone and inflamed with multiple pus-filled boils. Carbuncles can develop anywhere on the body, but they commonly occur on the back and neck. A carbuncle may also include symptoms like:
Genital HerpesSexually transmitted infections (STIs, formerly sexually transmitted diseases, or STDs) may cause boil-like lesions.Genital herpescan cause blisters and ulcers on or around the genitals or rectum. The blisters themselves are small, but they can form larger clusters.
Genital Herpes
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs, formerly sexually transmitted diseases, or STDs) may cause boil-like lesions.Genital herpescan cause blisters and ulcers on or around the genitals or rectum. The blisters themselves are small, but they can form larger clusters.
Complications of Boils
Without treatment, a boil may take one to three weeks to heal. However, with treatment, boils may clear much faster.
If it’s not healing on its own, the infection could get worse and potentially get into the bloodstream. From there, it could spread to a heart valve, bone, joint, or the lungs. It could also colonize (introduce the presence of germs) implanted medical devices like an intravenous (IV) line, pacemaker, or replacement joint.
For severe infections, hospitalization and IV antibiotic treatment may be needed.
Preventing Boils
Practicing proper hygiene can help prevent boils. Here are tips for practicing good hygiene:
When to See a Healthcare Provider
Skin boils usually heal on their own, especially with properself-boil treatment. However, some things may indicate aninfectionis brewing. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact a healthcare provider:
A healthcare provider can give proper treatment and ensure there isn’t an underlying problem.
See a healthcare provider if you develop a boil and have diabetes or a condition that affects the immune system.
Summary
Many things may cause boils, including MRSA, cystic acne, impetigo, hidradenitis suppurativa, styes, and carbuncles. Symptoms vary depending on the condition but usually include sensitive pus-filled lesions.
Treatment varies depending on the cause. If you have any signs of infection or the boil isn’t responding to at-home treatment, contact a healthcare provider get checked out and tested. The earlier you get treatment, the less likely you are to develop a serious infection.
24 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Wong CM, Scheufele CJ, Bodapativ S, et al.Presentations of cutaneous disease in various skin pigmentations: cutaneous abscesses.HCA Healthc J Med. 2022;3(3):153-159. doi:10.36518/2689-0216.1431Ibler KS, Kromann CB.Recurrent furunculosis - challenges and management: a review.Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2014;7:59-64. doi:10.2147/CCID.S35302American Academy of Dermatology Association.Acne: signs and symptoms.Jaradat ZW, Ababneh QO, Sha’aban ST, Alkofahi AA, Assaleh D, Al Shara A.Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and public fomites: a review.Pathog Glob Health. 2020;114(8):426-450. doi:10.1080/20477724.2020.1824112Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): photos.Harris A.Patient education: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (beyond the basics). In: Lowy FD, Hall KK, eds.UpToDate. Waltham, Mass: UpToDate; 2022.MedlinePlus.Antibiotics.Fox L, Csongradi C, Aucamp M, Du Plessis J, Gerber M.Treatment modalities for acne.Molecules. 2016;21(8):1063. doi:10.3390/molecules21081063Johns Hopkins Medicine.Sebaceous cysts.Mount Sinai.Boils.Abrha S, Tesfaye W, Thomas J.Intolerable burden of impetigo in endemic settings: a review of the current state of play and future directions for alternative treatments.Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(12):909. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9120909Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Impetigo.Hartman-Adams H, Banvard C, Juckett G.Impetigo: diagnosis and treatment.Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(4):229-235.Chu CB, Yang CC, Tsai SJ.Hidradenitis suppurativa: disease pathophysiology and sex hormones.Chin J Physiol. 2021;64(6):257. doi:10.4103/cjp.cjp_67_21Seyed Jafari SM, Hunger RE, Schlapbach C.Hidradenitis suppurativa: current understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and suggestion for treatment algorithm.Front Med (Lausanne). 2020;7:68. doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00068Loh TY, Hendricks AJ, Hsiao JL, Shi VY.Undergarment and fabric selection in the management of hidradenitis suppurativa.Dermatology. 2021;237(1):119-24. doi:10.1159/000501611Bornstein J.Hidradenitis suppurativa. In: Vulvar Disease. Springer, Cham; 2022. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61621-6_48Lindsley K, Nichols JJ, Dickersin K.Non-surgical interventions for acute internal hordeolum.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;1(1):CD007742. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007742.pub4American Academy of Ophthalmology.What are chalazia and styes?Ahmad H, Siddiqui SS.An unusually large carbuncle of the temporofacial region demonstrating remarkable post-debridement wound healing process: a case report.Wounds. 2017;29(4):92-95.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Folliculitis, boils and carbuncles.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Genital herpes.National Library of Medicine.Boils and carbuncles: how are boils treated?
24 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Wong CM, Scheufele CJ, Bodapativ S, et al.Presentations of cutaneous disease in various skin pigmentations: cutaneous abscesses.HCA Healthc J Med. 2022;3(3):153-159. doi:10.36518/2689-0216.1431Ibler KS, Kromann CB.Recurrent furunculosis - challenges and management: a review.Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2014;7:59-64. doi:10.2147/CCID.S35302American Academy of Dermatology Association.Acne: signs and symptoms.Jaradat ZW, Ababneh QO, Sha’aban ST, Alkofahi AA, Assaleh D, Al Shara A.Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and public fomites: a review.Pathog Glob Health. 2020;114(8):426-450. doi:10.1080/20477724.2020.1824112Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): photos.Harris A.Patient education: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (beyond the basics). In: Lowy FD, Hall KK, eds.UpToDate. Waltham, Mass: UpToDate; 2022.MedlinePlus.Antibiotics.Fox L, Csongradi C, Aucamp M, Du Plessis J, Gerber M.Treatment modalities for acne.Molecules. 2016;21(8):1063. doi:10.3390/molecules21081063Johns Hopkins Medicine.Sebaceous cysts.Mount Sinai.Boils.Abrha S, Tesfaye W, Thomas J.Intolerable burden of impetigo in endemic settings: a review of the current state of play and future directions for alternative treatments.Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(12):909. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9120909Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Impetigo.Hartman-Adams H, Banvard C, Juckett G.Impetigo: diagnosis and treatment.Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(4):229-235.Chu CB, Yang CC, Tsai SJ.Hidradenitis suppurativa: disease pathophysiology and sex hormones.Chin J Physiol. 2021;64(6):257. doi:10.4103/cjp.cjp_67_21Seyed Jafari SM, Hunger RE, Schlapbach C.Hidradenitis suppurativa: current understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and suggestion for treatment algorithm.Front Med (Lausanne). 2020;7:68. doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00068Loh TY, Hendricks AJ, Hsiao JL, Shi VY.Undergarment and fabric selection in the management of hidradenitis suppurativa.Dermatology. 2021;237(1):119-24. doi:10.1159/000501611Bornstein J.Hidradenitis suppurativa. In: Vulvar Disease. Springer, Cham; 2022. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61621-6_48Lindsley K, Nichols JJ, Dickersin K.Non-surgical interventions for acute internal hordeolum.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;1(1):CD007742. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007742.pub4American Academy of Ophthalmology.What are chalazia and styes?Ahmad H, Siddiqui SS.An unusually large carbuncle of the temporofacial region demonstrating remarkable post-debridement wound healing process: a case report.Wounds. 2017;29(4):92-95.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Folliculitis, boils and carbuncles.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Genital herpes.National Library of Medicine.Boils and carbuncles: how are boils treated?
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Wong CM, Scheufele CJ, Bodapativ S, et al.Presentations of cutaneous disease in various skin pigmentations: cutaneous abscesses.HCA Healthc J Med. 2022;3(3):153-159. doi:10.36518/2689-0216.1431Ibler KS, Kromann CB.Recurrent furunculosis - challenges and management: a review.Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2014;7:59-64. doi:10.2147/CCID.S35302American Academy of Dermatology Association.Acne: signs and symptoms.Jaradat ZW, Ababneh QO, Sha’aban ST, Alkofahi AA, Assaleh D, Al Shara A.Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and public fomites: a review.Pathog Glob Health. 2020;114(8):426-450. doi:10.1080/20477724.2020.1824112Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): photos.Harris A.Patient education: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (beyond the basics). In: Lowy FD, Hall KK, eds.UpToDate. Waltham, Mass: UpToDate; 2022.MedlinePlus.Antibiotics.Fox L, Csongradi C, Aucamp M, Du Plessis J, Gerber M.Treatment modalities for acne.Molecules. 2016;21(8):1063. doi:10.3390/molecules21081063Johns Hopkins Medicine.Sebaceous cysts.Mount Sinai.Boils.Abrha S, Tesfaye W, Thomas J.Intolerable burden of impetigo in endemic settings: a review of the current state of play and future directions for alternative treatments.Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(12):909. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9120909Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Impetigo.Hartman-Adams H, Banvard C, Juckett G.Impetigo: diagnosis and treatment.Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(4):229-235.Chu CB, Yang CC, Tsai SJ.Hidradenitis suppurativa: disease pathophysiology and sex hormones.Chin J Physiol. 2021;64(6):257. doi:10.4103/cjp.cjp_67_21Seyed Jafari SM, Hunger RE, Schlapbach C.Hidradenitis suppurativa: current understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and suggestion for treatment algorithm.Front Med (Lausanne). 2020;7:68. doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00068Loh TY, Hendricks AJ, Hsiao JL, Shi VY.Undergarment and fabric selection in the management of hidradenitis suppurativa.Dermatology. 2021;237(1):119-24. doi:10.1159/000501611Bornstein J.Hidradenitis suppurativa. In: Vulvar Disease. Springer, Cham; 2022. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61621-6_48Lindsley K, Nichols JJ, Dickersin K.Non-surgical interventions for acute internal hordeolum.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;1(1):CD007742. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007742.pub4American Academy of Ophthalmology.What are chalazia and styes?Ahmad H, Siddiqui SS.An unusually large carbuncle of the temporofacial region demonstrating remarkable post-debridement wound healing process: a case report.Wounds. 2017;29(4):92-95.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Folliculitis, boils and carbuncles.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Genital herpes.National Library of Medicine.Boils and carbuncles: how are boils treated?
Wong CM, Scheufele CJ, Bodapativ S, et al.Presentations of cutaneous disease in various skin pigmentations: cutaneous abscesses.HCA Healthc J Med. 2022;3(3):153-159. doi:10.36518/2689-0216.1431
Ibler KS, Kromann CB.Recurrent furunculosis - challenges and management: a review.Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2014;7:59-64. doi:10.2147/CCID.S35302
American Academy of Dermatology Association.Acne: signs and symptoms.
Jaradat ZW, Ababneh QO, Sha’aban ST, Alkofahi AA, Assaleh D, Al Shara A.Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and public fomites: a review.Pathog Glob Health. 2020;114(8):426-450. doi:10.1080/20477724.2020.1824112
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): photos.
Harris A.Patient education: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (beyond the basics). In: Lowy FD, Hall KK, eds.UpToDate. Waltham, Mass: UpToDate; 2022.
MedlinePlus.Antibiotics.
Fox L, Csongradi C, Aucamp M, Du Plessis J, Gerber M.Treatment modalities for acne.Molecules. 2016;21(8):1063. doi:10.3390/molecules21081063
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Sebaceous cysts.
Mount Sinai.Boils.
Abrha S, Tesfaye W, Thomas J.Intolerable burden of impetigo in endemic settings: a review of the current state of play and future directions for alternative treatments.Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(12):909. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9120909
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Impetigo.
Hartman-Adams H, Banvard C, Juckett G.Impetigo: diagnosis and treatment.Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(4):229-235.
Chu CB, Yang CC, Tsai SJ.Hidradenitis suppurativa: disease pathophysiology and sex hormones.Chin J Physiol. 2021;64(6):257. doi:10.4103/cjp.cjp_67_21
Seyed Jafari SM, Hunger RE, Schlapbach C.Hidradenitis suppurativa: current understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and suggestion for treatment algorithm.Front Med (Lausanne). 2020;7:68. doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00068
Loh TY, Hendricks AJ, Hsiao JL, Shi VY.Undergarment and fabric selection in the management of hidradenitis suppurativa.Dermatology. 2021;237(1):119-24. doi:10.1159/000501611
Bornstein J.Hidradenitis suppurativa. In: Vulvar Disease. Springer, Cham; 2022. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61621-6_48
Lindsley K, Nichols JJ, Dickersin K.Non-surgical interventions for acute internal hordeolum.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;1(1):CD007742. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007742.pub4
American Academy of Ophthalmology.What are chalazia and styes?
Ahmad H, Siddiqui SS.An unusually large carbuncle of the temporofacial region demonstrating remarkable post-debridement wound healing process: a case report.Wounds. 2017;29(4):92-95.
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Folliculitis, boils and carbuncles.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Genital herpes.
National Library of Medicine.Boils and carbuncles: how are boils treated?
Meet Our Medical Expert Board
Share Feedback
Was this page helpful?Thanks for your feedback!What is your feedback?OtherHelpfulReport an ErrorSubmit
Was this page helpful?
Thanks for your feedback!
What is your feedback?OtherHelpfulReport an ErrorSubmit
What is your feedback?
