Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsTypes of ArthritisOther Chronic DiseasesInfectionsVitamin D DeficiencyWhen to See a Healthcare ProviderTreatment
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Types of Arthritis
Other Chronic Diseases
Infections
Vitamin D Deficiency
When to See a Healthcare Provider
Treatment
Sudden onset joint pain can be due to a newly acquired condition or a long-term disease that flares up to cause sudden pain. Some causes include arthritis, infections, and chronic conditions likefibromyalgia.
Symptoms that may accompany joint pain, also known asarthralgia, include joint warmth, tenderness, swelling, and stiffness causing decreased range of motion.
Treatment for sudden onset joint pain depends on what triggered it and the severity of the condition.
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Types of Arthritis That Cause Sudden Joint Pain
An arthritis diagnosis is common, especially as people age and experienceosteoarthritis. This condition tends to emerge over time, for example, with wear and tear to the joints.
Certain types of arthritis cause acute symptoms, rather than chronic symptoms over time. Here’s a look at some types of acute arthritis that cause your joints to hurt suddenly.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis can start with mild inflammation in a few joints. If it isn’t treated, it can start to affect more joints and cause increased pain. Symptoms include:
Acute Inflammatory Arthritis
Getting diagnosed and treated early is essential to preventing this type of arthritis from becoming a chronic condition. While the exact incidence is unknown, it is less common than other types of arthritis, such as osteoarthritis.
Symptoms of acute inflammatory arthritis include:
Septic Arthritis
Signs of septic arthritis include:
The Dangers of Septic ArthritisSeptic arthritisis a medical emergency. It can cause septic shock, which can be fatal. Mortality estimates vary between 4% to 42% based on factors including infection site, cause, and patient age.Research shows increased risk of mortality in the following cases:Hip infectionShoulder infectionMulti-site infectionBeing maleComorbidities (other underlying health issues)Age over 65
The Dangers of Septic Arthritis
Septic arthritisis a medical emergency. It can cause septic shock, which can be fatal. Mortality estimates vary between 4% to 42% based on factors including infection site, cause, and patient age.Research shows increased risk of mortality in the following cases:Hip infectionShoulder infectionMulti-site infectionBeing maleComorbidities (other underlying health issues)Age over 65
Septic arthritisis a medical emergency. It can cause septic shock, which can be fatal. Mortality estimates vary between 4% to 42% based on factors including infection site, cause, and patient age.Research shows increased risk of mortality in the following cases:
Reactive Arthritis
Reactive arthritishappens in response to an infection, usually a sexually transmitted or food-borne bacterial infection. Bacteria that may cause it includeChlamydia,Shigella,Campylobacter,Yersinia, andSalmonella. Usually symptoms occur about one to six weeks after you’ve recovered from the infection.
The main symptoms are joint pain and stiffness, especially in the knees and ankles on one side of the body. Other symptoms include:
Symptoms usually go away in a few months but can sometimes last up to a year.
Bacterial Arthritis
Symptoms of gonococcal arthritis include:
Symptoms of nongonococcal arthritis include:
Gout
The body makes uric acid when it breaks down purines, which are found in your body and the foods you eat. When there is too much uric acid in the body, uric acid crystals (monosodium urate) can build up in joints, fluids, and tissues within the body.
Gout usually affects one joint at a time, most commonly the big toe joint. The incidence of gout among adults in the United States is 3.9%.
Thesymptoms of goutinclude:
Other Chronic Diseases That Cause Joint Pain
Arthritis isn’t the only condition that can cause sudden joint pain. Other chronic, or long-lasting, conditions can cause pain and swelling in the joints along with other symptoms.
Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgiais a pain disorder that can affect the joints and muscles. Pain usually starts in one area, like the neck and shoulders, and spreads over time.
The specific cause is unknown, but genetic factors may play a role. You may be more likely to have fibromyalgia if you have another chronic condition such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or irritable bowel syndrome.
Symptoms of fibromyalgia include:
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)
Joint pain without swelling or redness is a common symptom of ME/CFS. The main symptoms include:
Lupus
Lupusis an autoimmune disease, which causes your immune system to attack healthy tissue. This causes inflammation and damage to different areas of your body, including your joints, skin, kidneys, brain, heart, and lungs.
Symptoms vary depending on the individual and the parts of your body that are affected. When it affects your joints, it causes inflammation, or what is referred to as “inflammatory arthritis.” It can make your joints feel painful, swollen, warm, and stiff. It usually affects joints that are farther away from the core of your body, including:
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)—which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis—causes inflammation in the intestinal tract, but it’s also associated with a form of arthritis. The inflammation tends to affect just a few large joints, like the knees. Usually, it affects one side of the body more than the other.
The joint pain and stiffness of arthritis from IBD often happen in the morning. They also frequently occur when gastrointestinal symptoms are worse than usual.
Infections That Cause Joint Pain
In some cases, bacterial or viral infections can lead to joint pain. It usually occurs just while you’re sick, but sometimes it can continue after the infection is gone.
Influenza
Theflu viruscauses inflammation in the body that can lead to fever, sore throat, and headache as well as joint and muscle pain.
When you get the flu, white blood cells produce antibodies to fight the virus throughout the body. This triggers the inflammation that makes you feel achy.
COVID-19
Body aches are common during aCOVID-19infection. If you have arthritis, your joint pain will probably feel worse. If you don’t have arthritis, you’ll likely feel muscle pain rather than joint pain during a COVID-19 infection.
Some people experience joint pain after a COVID-19 infection. Post-viral pain syndrome can cause pain in the joints after an individual has recovered from a viral infection, including COVID-19. This can last for weeks, months, or years after they’ve recovered from the initial infection.
Mononucleosis
Most people recover from an acute mono infection in a few weeks. However, fatigue and joint pain are common after recovery, sometimes lasting six months or more.
Brucellosis
Symptoms of brucellosis include:
Brucellosis is treated with antibiotics for six to eight weeks. Without treatment, the infection can become chronic with long-term effects, including arthritis.
Hepatitis B and C
In one study, joint pain was reported in 97% of patients with hepatitis B and 90% of patients with hepatitis C. In addition, 26% of hepatitis B patients and 40% of hepatitis C patients developed arthritis.
Lyme Disease
Lyme diseasecan cause joint pain in its early stages, around 3 to 30 days after a tick bite. This occurs along with other symptoms, such as a “bulls-eye” rash, chills, headache, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes.
If untreated, Lyme disease can lead to a form of arthritis within one to a few months after infection. This happens when the Lyme bacteria enter the joint tissue and cause inflammation. If not treated, Lyme arthritis can cause permanent damage to the joints.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Joint Pain
Vitamin D deficiencyhas been found to have a link to joint pain. Researchers studied vitamin D levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients. They found that vitamin D deficiency was more common in RA patients and that it may be one of the reasons why it develops or gets worse.
Another study found that vitamin D deficiencies could predict whether people age 50 and older have knee or hip pain over the next several years.
While calcium supplements with vitamin D improve bone health, there isn’t evidence that they can reverse joint pain. A Women’s Health Initiative trial found that vitamin D and calcium supplements did not improve joint pain for postmenopausal females.
Joint pain that comes on suddenly isn’t always serious but it may be cause for concern. You should see a healthcare professional if you experience symptoms that don’t go away, including:
Contact your provider if your symptoms last three days or more, or if you experience them several times within the same month.
How Can I Treat Sudden Joint Pain?
Treatment for sudden onset joint pain will depend on the underlying cause, as well as other factors like your age and overall health. Some conditions may require less intervention than others.
If your pain is mild to moderate, over-the-counter pain medications may provide relief. These include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) like Advil (ibuprofen) or Aleve (naproxen).
At-home remedies can also help decrease joint pain. Try some of these strategies:
If your pain is more persistent or severe, your healthcare provider may treat it with higher-strength prescription NSAIDs or corticosteroids to reduce symptoms.
Physical therapists can help with:
Occupational therapists can:
Summary
Certain conditions can cause you to feel like your joints hurt suddenly. Different types of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis and septic arthritis, can cause acute symptoms. Chronic diseases, such as fibromyalgia and lupus can also cause painful joints. In some cases, infections can cause joint pain when you’re sick and sometimes for weeks or months afterward.
You should see your healthcare provider if you have symptoms that last more than three days or if you experience symptoms several times a month. For mild to moderate pain, you can try taking OTC pain medications like Advil or Aleve. Self-care methods include hot and cold therapy, rest, and light physical activity. If pain is persistent or more severe, your healthcare provider can prescribe medications for pain or any underlying health conditions.
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Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Pujalte GG, Albano-Aluquin SA.Differential Diagnosis of Polyarticular Arthritis.Am Fam Physician. 2015 Jul 1;92(1):35-41.National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.Rheumatoid arthritis.Hospital for Special Surgery.Living with Inflammatory Arthritis: What You Need to Know.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.Ferrand J, El Samad Y, Brunschweiler B, et al.Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study.BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16(1):239. doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0Long B, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M.Evaluation and management of septic arthritis and its mimics in the emergency department.West J Emerg Med. 2019;20(2):331-341. doi:10.5811/westjem.2018.10.40974Huang YC, Ho CH, Lin YJ, et al.Site-specific mortality in native joint septic arthritis: a national population study.Rheumatology. 2020;59(12):3826-3833. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keaa162National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.Reactive arthritis.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Reactive arthritis.Said M, Tirthani E.Gonococcal infective endocarditis returns.Cureus. 2021 Sep 14;13(9):e17955. doi:10.7759/cureus.17955.MedlinePlus.Gonococcal arthritis.Merck Manual Professional Version.Acute infectious arthritis.Lanaspa MA, Andres-Hernando A, Kuwabara M.Uric acid and hypertension.Hypertens Res43, 832–834 (2020). doi: 10.1038/s41440-020-0481-6.Singh G, Lingala B, Mithal A.Gout and hyperuricaemia in the USA: prevalence and trends.Rheumatology (Oxford). 2019 Dec 1;58(12):2177-2180. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kez196Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Gout.Arthritis Foundation.Fibromyalgia.National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.Fibromyalgia.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Symptoms of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.MedlinePlus.Lupus.Lupus Foundation of America.Lupus and the joints, muscles, and bones.Harvard Health Publishing.Arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease.Harvard Health Publishing.Why does the flu cause body aches?American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.Can the coronavirus affect my bones and joints?Tackey C, Slepian PM, Clarke H, Mittal N.Post-viral pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance syndromes: Current knowledge and future directions.Can J Pain. 2024;7(2):2272999. Published 2024 Jan 9. doi:10.1080/24740527.2023.2272999DermNet.Infectious mononucleosis.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.About brucellosis.Oliveira ÍMX de, Silva R do SU da.Rheumatological manifestations associated with viral hepatitis b or c.Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2019;52:e20180407. doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0407-2018Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Signs and symptoms of untreated Lyme disease.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Clinical care and treatment of Lyme arthritis.Meena N, Singh Chawla SP, Garg R, Batta A, Kaur S.Assessment of vitamin D in rheumatoid arthritis and its correlation with disease activity.J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2018;9(1):54-58. doi:10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_128_17Laslett LL, Quinn S, Burgess JR, et al.Moderate vitamin D deficiency is associated with changes in knee and hip pain in older adults: a 5-year longitudinal study.Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(4):697-703. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202831Chlebowski RT, Pettinger M, Johnson KC, et al.Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and joint symptoms in postmenopausal women in the women’s health initiative randomized trial.J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013;113(10):1302-1310. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2013.06.007Arthritis Foundation.When it’s time to see a doctor for joint pain.Arthritis Foundation.Finding the best joint pain relief for you: 24 treatment options.Jogpal V, Sanduja M, Dutt R, Garg V, Tinku.Advancement of nanomedicines in chronic inflammatory disorders.Inflammopharmacology. 2022 Apr;30(2):355-368. doi:10.1007/s10787-022-00927-x.Arthritis Foundation.Physical therapy for arthritis.Element Physical Therapy.3 ways physical therapy relieves intense joint pain.Arthritis Foundation.The benefits of occupational therapy.
Pujalte GG, Albano-Aluquin SA.Differential Diagnosis of Polyarticular Arthritis.Am Fam Physician. 2015 Jul 1;92(1):35-41.
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.Rheumatoid arthritis.
Hospital for Special Surgery.Living with Inflammatory Arthritis: What You Need to Know.
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.
Ferrand J, El Samad Y, Brunschweiler B, et al.Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study.BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16(1):239. doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0
Long B, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M.Evaluation and management of septic arthritis and its mimics in the emergency department.West J Emerg Med. 2019;20(2):331-341. doi:10.5811/westjem.2018.10.40974
Huang YC, Ho CH, Lin YJ, et al.Site-specific mortality in native joint septic arthritis: a national population study.Rheumatology. 2020;59(12):3826-3833. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keaa162
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.Reactive arthritis.
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Reactive arthritis.
Said M, Tirthani E.Gonococcal infective endocarditis returns.Cureus. 2021 Sep 14;13(9):e17955. doi:10.7759/cureus.17955.
MedlinePlus.Gonococcal arthritis.
Merck Manual Professional Version.Acute infectious arthritis.
Lanaspa MA, Andres-Hernando A, Kuwabara M.Uric acid and hypertension.Hypertens Res43, 832–834 (2020). doi: 10.1038/s41440-020-0481-6.
Singh G, Lingala B, Mithal A.Gout and hyperuricaemia in the USA: prevalence and trends.Rheumatology (Oxford). 2019 Dec 1;58(12):2177-2180. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kez196
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Gout.
Arthritis Foundation.Fibromyalgia.
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.Fibromyalgia.
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Symptoms of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.
MedlinePlus.Lupus.
Lupus Foundation of America.Lupus and the joints, muscles, and bones.
Harvard Health Publishing.Arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
Harvard Health Publishing.Why does the flu cause body aches?
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.Can the coronavirus affect my bones and joints?
Tackey C, Slepian PM, Clarke H, Mittal N.Post-viral pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance syndromes: Current knowledge and future directions.Can J Pain. 2024;7(2):2272999. Published 2024 Jan 9. doi:10.1080/24740527.2023.2272999
DermNet.Infectious mononucleosis.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.About brucellosis.
Oliveira ÍMX de, Silva R do SU da.Rheumatological manifestations associated with viral hepatitis b or c.Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2019;52:e20180407. doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0407-2018
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Signs and symptoms of untreated Lyme disease.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Clinical care and treatment of Lyme arthritis.
Meena N, Singh Chawla SP, Garg R, Batta A, Kaur S.Assessment of vitamin D in rheumatoid arthritis and its correlation with disease activity.J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2018;9(1):54-58. doi:10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_128_17
Laslett LL, Quinn S, Burgess JR, et al.Moderate vitamin D deficiency is associated with changes in knee and hip pain in older adults: a 5-year longitudinal study.Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(4):697-703. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202831
Chlebowski RT, Pettinger M, Johnson KC, et al.Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and joint symptoms in postmenopausal women in the women’s health initiative randomized trial.J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013;113(10):1302-1310. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2013.06.007
Arthritis Foundation.When it’s time to see a doctor for joint pain.
Arthritis Foundation.Finding the best joint pain relief for you: 24 treatment options.
Jogpal V, Sanduja M, Dutt R, Garg V, Tinku.Advancement of nanomedicines in chronic inflammatory disorders.Inflammopharmacology. 2022 Apr;30(2):355-368. doi:10.1007/s10787-022-00927-x.
Arthritis Foundation.Physical therapy for arthritis.
Element Physical Therapy.3 ways physical therapy relieves intense joint pain.
Arthritis Foundation.The benefits of occupational therapy.
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