Cirrhosis Diet: What to Eat and What Not to Eat

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsBenefitsCirrhosis DietWhat to Eat and Not EatWhen to EatCooking TipsModifications

Table of ContentsView All

View All

Table of Contents

Benefits

Cirrhosis Diet

What to Eat and Not Eat

When to Eat

Cooking Tips

Modifications

A cirrhosis diet is designed to help people with cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) who may become malnourished due to changes in their metabolism and digestion that occur as the liver becomes more damaged.

When you havecirrhosis, what you eat and drink each day is especially important. Many foods to avoid with cirrhosis contain protein, sodium, and sugar that require your liver to work harder—a demand it may no longer be able to meet.

Verywell / JR Bee

Basics of a Cirrhosis Diet

Benefits of the Cirrhosis Diet

A cirrhosis diet can help provide adequate nutrition, reduce the amount of work your liver needs to do, thwart related complications, and prevent further liver damage.

Research has shown that people with liver disease who aren’t adequately nourished are more likely to experiencecomplications from cirrhosis, including death.

Unfortunately, existing scarring from cirrhosis cannot be reversed. Diet, then, is a key way to minimize complications and keep it from getting worse.

How the Cirrhosis Diet Works

Your cirrhosis diet will need to be tailored based on your overall health and individual needs, but there are some general dietary guidelines that often shape this eating plan:

In addition to changing the content of your diet, you may need to change the quantity of the food you eat. Having liver disease can increase your risk for malnourishment, so you may need to eat more calories in a day to meet the increased energy demands on your body.

If you have liver disease, know that the recommendations for protein intake vary. The influence of protein on liver disease is somewhat controversial and still being studied.

You’ll need to consult with your healthcare provider or a registered dietitian to determine the exact amount of protein recommended for you. The calories from protein will be an essential component of a varied and nutritious diet, and protein is key to preventing muscle atrophy (thinning).

Your healthcare provider may want you to make additional, specific changes to your diet to help manage or prevent other conditions people with liver cirrhosis may be more likely to get.

Duration

If you are at risk for liver disease, your healthcare provider may want you to follow a cirrhosis diet even if you don’t feel sick. Someone in the early stages of liver disease (compensated phase) usually doesn’t have any symptoms.

Signs of liver disease may take years to show up, and they do so only once damage to the liver has become severe (decompensated phase).Since changing how you eat can only help to prevent additional liver damage, but can’t heal what’s already occurred, you will likely need to be on a cirrhosis diet plan for a long time.

If you’re following a cirrhosis diet, there are some foods and beverages you’ll need to strictly avoid. However, you’ll have your choice of many nutritious and tasty foods, including fresh produce, whole grains, andlean protein.

Your recommended protein intake may be higher than the amount recommended for healthy people to help prevent muscle loss and malnutrition.However, individual needs may vary depending on the severity of the cirrhosis.

Your healthcare provider may have you take vitamins or nutritional supplements because having cirrhosis makes it harder to stay nourished. That’s especially true if you have nausea or gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms.

Foods to EatFruits and vegetables (raw or cooked without butter, oil, or salt)Eggs, egg whitesCooked fish (salmon, tuna)Lean chicken or turkey (without the skin)Low-fat Greek yogurtCream cheese, ricottaLow-fat cheese (low-sodium cottage cheese, fresh mozzarella)Nuts and seeds (unsalted)Dried beans and legumesNut butters (unsalted)TofuFortified milk alternatives (almond, soy, rice)MargarineOatsWhole grain bread, crackers, and cerealsBrown riceOlive oilFresh herbsLow-fat milkGarlicGingerQuinoa, couscous, pasta, riceGranola and cereal barsCoconut waterMeal/nutritional supplements, as approvedFoods to AvoidRaw or partially raw fish and shellfish (e.g., oysters, clams)Fast food, fried foodRed meatCanned food (meat, soup, vegetables)Packaged, processed snacks and meals (including frozen)Hot dogs, sausage, lunchmeatSauerkraut, picklesButtermilkTomato sauce or pasteInstant hot cereal or oatmealPotato chips, pretzels, rice cakes, crackers, popcornRefined white flour pasta, bread, and white riceOils high in trans fat or partially hydrogenated oils (palm oil, coconut oil)Breading, coating, and stuffing mixesFull-fat dairy productsBread, biscuit, pancake, and baked good mixesPastries, cake, cookies, muffins, doughnutsAmerican, Parmesan, Swiss, blue, feta, cottage cheese, cheese slices or spreadsPudding, custard, or frosting mixesTable salt, sea salt, mixed seasoningsKetchup, soy sauce, salsa, salad dressing, steak sauceBouillon cubes, broth, gravy, and stockCaffeinated tea, coffee, and soft drinksAlcohol

Fruits and vegetables (raw or cooked without butter, oil, or salt)

Eggs, egg whites

Cooked fish (salmon, tuna)

Lean chicken or turkey (without the skin)

Low-fat Greek yogurt

Cream cheese, ricotta

Low-fat cheese (low-sodium cottage cheese, fresh mozzarella)

Nuts and seeds (unsalted)

Dried beans and legumes

Nut butters (unsalted)

Tofu

Fortified milk alternatives (almond, soy, rice)

Margarine

Oats

Whole grain bread, crackers, and cereals

Brown rice

Olive oil

Fresh herbs

Low-fat milk

Garlic

Ginger

Quinoa, couscous, pasta, rice

Granola and cereal bars

Coconut water

Meal/nutritional supplements, as approved

Foods to AvoidRaw or partially raw fish and shellfish (e.g., oysters, clams)Fast food, fried foodRed meatCanned food (meat, soup, vegetables)Packaged, processed snacks and meals (including frozen)Hot dogs, sausage, lunchmeatSauerkraut, picklesButtermilkTomato sauce or pasteInstant hot cereal or oatmealPotato chips, pretzels, rice cakes, crackers, popcornRefined white flour pasta, bread, and white riceOils high in trans fat or partially hydrogenated oils (palm oil, coconut oil)Breading, coating, and stuffing mixesFull-fat dairy productsBread, biscuit, pancake, and baked good mixesPastries, cake, cookies, muffins, doughnutsAmerican, Parmesan, Swiss, blue, feta, cottage cheese, cheese slices or spreadsPudding, custard, or frosting mixesTable salt, sea salt, mixed seasoningsKetchup, soy sauce, salsa, salad dressing, steak sauceBouillon cubes, broth, gravy, and stockCaffeinated tea, coffee, and soft drinksAlcohol

Raw or partially raw fish and shellfish (e.g., oysters, clams)

Fast food, fried food

Red meat

Canned food (meat, soup, vegetables)

Packaged, processed snacks and meals (including frozen)

Hot dogs, sausage, lunchmeat

Sauerkraut, pickles

Buttermilk

Tomato sauce or paste

Instant hot cereal or oatmeal

Potato chips, pretzels, rice cakes, crackers, popcorn

Refined white flour pasta, bread, and white rice

Oils high in trans fat or partially hydrogenated oils (palm oil, coconut oil)

Breading, coating, and stuffing mixes

Full-fat dairy products

Bread, biscuit, pancake, and baked good mixes

Pastries, cake, cookies, muffins, doughnuts

American, Parmesan, Swiss, blue, feta, cottage cheese, cheese slices or spreads

Pudding, custard, or frosting mixes

Table salt, sea salt, mixed seasonings

Ketchup, soy sauce, salsa, salad dressing, steak sauce

Bouillon cubes, broth, gravy, and stock

Caffeinated tea, coffee, and soft drinks

Alcohol

Most of your protein should come from plant-based sources such as dried beans and legumes, tofu and other low-sodium soy products, and small portions of unsalted nuts or nut butter.

Supplementsor multivitamins that contain a lot of vitamin A can be toxic to the liver.Iron can be hard for the liver to process in high doses. Talk with your healthcare provider about any vitamin or supplement products, which can interact with medications or cause GI symptoms.

Reading labels for fat, sugar, and salt at the grocery store can also help you make the best possible choices, such as:

Keep in mind that your cirrhosis diet plan also includes meals when you eat out. Don’t hesitate to ask about your menu options when dining at restaurants.

Liver disease can lead to malnourishment, in which case your healthcare provider might want you to eat more calories.If you don’t feel up to eating larger meals to increase your caloric intake, try eating small, frequent meals and snacks throughout the day.

Some people with liver disease find they wake up in the night. They may stay awake for long stretches and end up taking naps during the day. If you are awake in the middle of the night, research has shown that having a late-night snack can be helpful for people with cirrhosis.

A healthy late-night snack could include:

If your sleep schedule is interrupted, be sure to plan your meals around when you are awake, whether it’s during the day or at night. Try to eat a meal or snack every couple of hours.

Try grilling or boiling veggies and preparing them without oil or butter.

If you’re reducing your sodium intake as part of a cirrhosis diet, try using fresh herbs and spices instead of table salt. If you’re used to adding salt to your food and find it difficult to break the habit, your healthcare provider may suggest using a salt substitute.

You may be allowed to have small portions of beef on occasion depending on how it’s prepared. For example, grilling meat instead of frying with oil or butter reduces the fat content and prevents it from becoming too greasy for a cirrhosis diet.

In addition to avoiding raw or partially cooked meat and seafood, practice proper food handling and safety practices to further reduce your risk of foodborne infections.

Breakfast

Mid-morning snack

Lunch

Mid-afternoon snack

Dinner

Evening snack

Note that nutrition needs may vary. Talk to your healthcare provider for your individualized meal plan recommendations.

You may need to adapt your diet if you develop complications from cirrhosis, such asascites, hypoglycemia, andencephalopathy.If you develop one or more of these conditions, your healthcare provider may recommend additional changes to your diet, including limiting salt, sugar, and protein.

Fluid Retention

Two types of fluid retention can occur when people have cirrhosis:ascitesand edema.

Healthcare providers usually require a strict no-salt diet for people who have cirrhosis with ascites or edema, as sodium can make the condition worse.

The daily recommended sodium intake for people with ascites is 2,000 milligrams (mg) or less per day.The average American diet contains more than 3,300 mg of sodium per day.

Prepackaged and convenience food items are often high in sodium or contain added salt. If you’re not routinely checking the nutrition labels, you may not be aware of how much sodium you’re consuming.

When you’re grocery shopping, a good rule of thumb is to focus on what you can buy along the perimeter of the store—fresh produce, lean meats, and low-fat dairy—which are low-sodium choices. Avoid the packaged snacks, cereals, and sodas found in the middle aisles.

High Blood Pressure

Your body carries blood to your liver through a large blood vessel called the portal vein. Cirrhosis slows your blood flow and puts stress on the portal vein. This causes high blood pressure known as portal hypertension.

Along with medications to treat high blood pressure, your healthcare provider will usually recommend a low-sodium diet,

Encephalopathy

The more protein the body tries to digest, the more ammonia can build up. At high levels, it becomes toxic to the brain and can cause memory problems, dementia-like symptoms, and a serious complication calledencephalopathy, which causes brain dysfunction.

If you have cirrhosis, focus on including plant-based protein sources in your diet instead of meat. Your healthcare provider may give you a specific limit on how much protein you can have per meal or per day.

Hypoglycemia and Diabetes

Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, is another common problem associated with cirrhosis. When your liver is healthy, it stores energy from the carbohydrates you eat in an easily accessible form called glycogen.

If you have cirrhosis, your liver isn’t able to store enough energy in the form of glycogen. As a result, people with liver disease may experience episodes of low blood sugar.

A little over 30% of people with cirrhosis also have diabetes, which can sometimes lead to hypoglycemia related to medications used to treat diabetes.

Research has shown that eating high-fiber meals with alow glycemic indexcan help manage hypoglycemia and diabetes in people with cirrhosis.

Summary

If you have cirrhosis, staying adequately nourished can be challenging. You may need to eat more or less of certain foods to ensure your body is getting the energy it needs. It’s also important that you pay close attention to your diet so you can avoid more damage to your liver. For example, you’ll need to avoid alcohol, high-fat foods, and raw or partially cooked shellfish.

While changing the way you eat can’t cure a liver that is already scarred, it can improve your quality of life and help prevent complications. Talk with your healthcare provider or registered dietitian for nutrition recommendations tailored to your specific needs.

22 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Bémeur C, Butterworth RF.Nutrition in the Management of Cirrhosis and its Neurological Complications.Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology. 2014;4(2):141-150. doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2013.05.008Yao C, Fung J, Chu N, Tan V.Dietary Interventions in Liver Cirrhosis.J Clin Gastroenterol. 2018;52(8):663-673. doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000001071National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.Eating, Diet, & Nutrition for Cirrhosis.Purnak T, Yilmaz Y.Liver disease and malnutrition.Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology. 2013;27(4):619-629. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2013.06.018Barnard, Neal D., editor.Cirrhosis.Nutrition Guide for Clinicians, 3rd ed., Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, 2017.McClain CJ.Nutrition in Patients With Cirrhosis.Gastroenterology & hepatology. 2016;12(8):507-510.Angeli P, Bernardi M, Villanueva C, et al.EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis.Journal of Hepatology. 2018;69(2):406-460. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024Iqbal U, Jadeja RN, Khara HS, et al.A Comprehensive Review Evaluating the Impact of Protein Source (Vegetarian vs. Meat Based) in Hepatic Encephalopathy. Nutrients. 2021 Jan 26;13(2):370. doi: 10.3390/nu13020370He K, Li Y, Guo X, Zhong L, Tang S.Food groups and the likelihood of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Br J Nutr.2020 Mar 6;124(1):1-13. doi: 10.1017/S0007114520000914Daftari G, Tehrani AN, Pashayee-khamene F, et al.Dietary protein intake and mortality among survivors of liver cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2023;23(1):227. doi: 10.1186/s12876-023-02832-1Jeznach-Steinhagen A, Ostrowska J, Czerwonogrodzka-Senczyna A, Boniecka I, Shahnazaryan U, Kuryłowicz A.Dietary and Pharmacological Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 May 20;55(5):166. doi:10.3390/medicina55050166.National Institute of Health.LiverTox: Vitamin A.U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.Eating tips for people with cirrhosis.Volk M.Liver cirrhosis: a toolkit for patients. University of Michigan Health System.Medline Plus.Ascites.Medline Plus.Edema.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Ascites.American College of Gastroenterology.Ascites: a common problem in people with cirrhosis.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.About sodium and health.American Academy of Family Physicians.Cirrhosis and portal hypertension.Hamed AE, Elsahar M, Elwan NM, et al.Managing diabetes and liver disease association. Arab J Gastroenterol. 2018 Dec;19(4):166-179. doi: 10.1016/j.ajg.2018.08.003Lee WG, Wells CI, McCall JL, Murphy R, Plank LD.Prevalence of diabetes in liver cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019 Sep;35(6):e3157. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3157

22 Sources

Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Bémeur C, Butterworth RF.Nutrition in the Management of Cirrhosis and its Neurological Complications.Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology. 2014;4(2):141-150. doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2013.05.008Yao C, Fung J, Chu N, Tan V.Dietary Interventions in Liver Cirrhosis.J Clin Gastroenterol. 2018;52(8):663-673. doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000001071National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.Eating, Diet, & Nutrition for Cirrhosis.Purnak T, Yilmaz Y.Liver disease and malnutrition.Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology. 2013;27(4):619-629. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2013.06.018Barnard, Neal D., editor.Cirrhosis.Nutrition Guide for Clinicians, 3rd ed., Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, 2017.McClain CJ.Nutrition in Patients With Cirrhosis.Gastroenterology & hepatology. 2016;12(8):507-510.Angeli P, Bernardi M, Villanueva C, et al.EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis.Journal of Hepatology. 2018;69(2):406-460. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024Iqbal U, Jadeja RN, Khara HS, et al.A Comprehensive Review Evaluating the Impact of Protein Source (Vegetarian vs. Meat Based) in Hepatic Encephalopathy. Nutrients. 2021 Jan 26;13(2):370. doi: 10.3390/nu13020370He K, Li Y, Guo X, Zhong L, Tang S.Food groups and the likelihood of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Br J Nutr.2020 Mar 6;124(1):1-13. doi: 10.1017/S0007114520000914Daftari G, Tehrani AN, Pashayee-khamene F, et al.Dietary protein intake and mortality among survivors of liver cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2023;23(1):227. doi: 10.1186/s12876-023-02832-1Jeznach-Steinhagen A, Ostrowska J, Czerwonogrodzka-Senczyna A, Boniecka I, Shahnazaryan U, Kuryłowicz A.Dietary and Pharmacological Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 May 20;55(5):166. doi:10.3390/medicina55050166.National Institute of Health.LiverTox: Vitamin A.U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.Eating tips for people with cirrhosis.Volk M.Liver cirrhosis: a toolkit for patients. University of Michigan Health System.Medline Plus.Ascites.Medline Plus.Edema.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Ascites.American College of Gastroenterology.Ascites: a common problem in people with cirrhosis.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.About sodium and health.American Academy of Family Physicians.Cirrhosis and portal hypertension.Hamed AE, Elsahar M, Elwan NM, et al.Managing diabetes and liver disease association. Arab J Gastroenterol. 2018 Dec;19(4):166-179. doi: 10.1016/j.ajg.2018.08.003Lee WG, Wells CI, McCall JL, Murphy R, Plank LD.Prevalence of diabetes in liver cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019 Sep;35(6):e3157. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3157

Bémeur C, Butterworth RF.Nutrition in the Management of Cirrhosis and its Neurological Complications.Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology. 2014;4(2):141-150. doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2013.05.008Yao C, Fung J, Chu N, Tan V.Dietary Interventions in Liver Cirrhosis.J Clin Gastroenterol. 2018;52(8):663-673. doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000001071National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.Eating, Diet, & Nutrition for Cirrhosis.Purnak T, Yilmaz Y.Liver disease and malnutrition.Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology. 2013;27(4):619-629. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2013.06.018Barnard, Neal D., editor.Cirrhosis.Nutrition Guide for Clinicians, 3rd ed., Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, 2017.McClain CJ.Nutrition in Patients With Cirrhosis.Gastroenterology & hepatology. 2016;12(8):507-510.Angeli P, Bernardi M, Villanueva C, et al.EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis.Journal of Hepatology. 2018;69(2):406-460. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024Iqbal U, Jadeja RN, Khara HS, et al.A Comprehensive Review Evaluating the Impact of Protein Source (Vegetarian vs. Meat Based) in Hepatic Encephalopathy. Nutrients. 2021 Jan 26;13(2):370. doi: 10.3390/nu13020370He K, Li Y, Guo X, Zhong L, Tang S.Food groups and the likelihood of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Br J Nutr.2020 Mar 6;124(1):1-13. doi: 10.1017/S0007114520000914Daftari G, Tehrani AN, Pashayee-khamene F, et al.Dietary protein intake and mortality among survivors of liver cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2023;23(1):227. doi: 10.1186/s12876-023-02832-1Jeznach-Steinhagen A, Ostrowska J, Czerwonogrodzka-Senczyna A, Boniecka I, Shahnazaryan U, Kuryłowicz A.Dietary and Pharmacological Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 May 20;55(5):166. doi:10.3390/medicina55050166.National Institute of Health.LiverTox: Vitamin A.U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.Eating tips for people with cirrhosis.Volk M.Liver cirrhosis: a toolkit for patients. University of Michigan Health System.Medline Plus.Ascites.Medline Plus.Edema.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Ascites.American College of Gastroenterology.Ascites: a common problem in people with cirrhosis.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.About sodium and health.American Academy of Family Physicians.Cirrhosis and portal hypertension.Hamed AE, Elsahar M, Elwan NM, et al.Managing diabetes and liver disease association. Arab J Gastroenterol. 2018 Dec;19(4):166-179. doi: 10.1016/j.ajg.2018.08.003Lee WG, Wells CI, McCall JL, Murphy R, Plank LD.Prevalence of diabetes in liver cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019 Sep;35(6):e3157. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3157

Yao C, Fung J, Chu N, Tan V.Dietary Interventions in Liver Cirrhosis.J Clin Gastroenterol. 2018;52(8):663-673. doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000001071

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.Eating, Diet, & Nutrition for Cirrhosis.

Purnak T, Yilmaz Y.Liver disease and malnutrition.Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology. 2013;27(4):619-629. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2013.06.018

Barnard, Neal D., editor.Cirrhosis.Nutrition Guide for Clinicians, 3rd ed., Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, 2017.

McClain CJ.Nutrition in Patients With Cirrhosis.Gastroenterology & hepatology. 2016;12(8):507-510.

Angeli P, Bernardi M, Villanueva C, et al.EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis.Journal of Hepatology. 2018;69(2):406-460. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024

Iqbal U, Jadeja RN, Khara HS, et al.A Comprehensive Review Evaluating the Impact of Protein Source (Vegetarian vs. Meat Based) in Hepatic Encephalopathy. Nutrients. 2021 Jan 26;13(2):370. doi: 10.3390/nu13020370

He K, Li Y, Guo X, Zhong L, Tang S.Food groups and the likelihood of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Br J Nutr.2020 Mar 6;124(1):1-13. doi: 10.1017/S0007114520000914

Daftari G, Tehrani AN, Pashayee-khamene F, et al.Dietary protein intake and mortality among survivors of liver cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2023;23(1):227. doi: 10.1186/s12876-023-02832-1

Jeznach-Steinhagen A, Ostrowska J, Czerwonogrodzka-Senczyna A, Boniecka I, Shahnazaryan U, Kuryłowicz A.Dietary and Pharmacological Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 May 20;55(5):166. doi:10.3390/medicina55050166.

National Institute of Health.LiverTox: Vitamin A.

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.Eating tips for people with cirrhosis.

Volk M.Liver cirrhosis: a toolkit for patients. University of Michigan Health System.

Medline Plus.Ascites.

Medline Plus.Edema.

Johns Hopkins Medicine.Ascites.

American College of Gastroenterology.Ascites: a common problem in people with cirrhosis.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.About sodium and health.

American Academy of Family Physicians.Cirrhosis and portal hypertension.

Hamed AE, Elsahar M, Elwan NM, et al.Managing diabetes and liver disease association. Arab J Gastroenterol. 2018 Dec;19(4):166-179. doi: 10.1016/j.ajg.2018.08.003

Lee WG, Wells CI, McCall JL, Murphy R, Plank LD.Prevalence of diabetes in liver cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019 Sep;35(6):e3157. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3157

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Benefits of the Cirrhosis Diet#

How the Cirrhosis Diet Works#

Duration#

Sample Menu#

Fluid Retention#

High Blood Pressure#

Encephalopathy#

Hypoglycemia and Diabetes#

Summary#