Key TakeawaysSeveral clinical trials testing COVID-19 vaccines in kids are currently underway.Children as young as 12 are now eligible to receive the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.Now that over half of the U.S. adult population has received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, the country is expanding its efforts to get kids vaccinated next.Currently, there are three COVID-19 vaccines authorized for use in the U.S., but clinical trials are still underway to determine if these vaccines are safe for younger age groups.Kids under the age of 16 are now eligible for a COVID-19 vaccine in the United States. On Monday, May 10, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for use in adolescents ages 12 through 15.Pfizer Vaccine Cleared For Kids Ages 12-15Seven U.S.-based clinical trials are testing the COVID-19 vaccines in children right now (an eighth is taking place in the U.S. and the U.K.), with some study participants as young as 6 months. But not every trial is at the same stage.Here’s where clinical trials on COVID-19 vaccines in children in the U.S. stand, plus when you can expect them to release results.What Are the Phases of a Clinical Trial?The clinical development of a vaccine is a three-phase process, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):Phase 1:During a Phase 1 study, scientists try to determine the strongest vaccine dose that causes the fewest side effects. This helps determine the proper dose to administer to people. A few dozen people participate in Phase 1 studies.Phase 2.In a Phase 2 study, the vaccine is tested among hundreds of people who have similar characteristics, such as age, gender, and medical conditions, to determine how effective the vaccine is in certain types of people. If Phase 2 studies are successful, people will produce antibodies, and the clinical trial moves into Phase 3.Phase 3.The purpose of Phase 3 clinical trials is to evaluate the safety of a vaccine. Thousands of people participate in Phase 3 trials and scientists continue to monitor the effectiveness of the vaccine, as well as side effects that people experience.PfizerTrial NCT04368728Ages included:12 and olderNumber of people (all ages): 43,998Clinical trial phase:Phase 2/3What the trial is looking at: The trial is looking to determine the safety and tolerability of this vaccine. Researchers are also analyzing the vaccine’s ability to trigger an immune response and how well it works at preventing COVID-19. The trial will also examine the efficacy of the vaccine as a booster, but only in adults age 18 years and older.Kid-specific results: Pfizer announced in a press release in late March that its vaccine was 100% effective at protecting children ages 12 to 15 against COVID-19 and created “robust antibody responses, exceeding those recorded earlier in vaccinated participants aged 16 to 25 years old.” It was also “well-tolerated.“Timeframe: April 29, 2020 – May 2, 2023 (May refers to theprimarycompletion date, meaning the date on which the last participant was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure: vaccine safety/side effects and tolerability). The final study completion date is also scheduled for May 2, 2023.When Will Children Be Able to Get the COVID-19 Vaccine?Trial NCT04713553Ages included:12 to 50Number of people (all ages): 1,530Clinical trial phase:Phase 3What the trial is looking at: This trial is looking at safety, tolerability, and immune responses of different batches of the vaccine, along with the effectiveness of varying dose levels. A booster study will also be conducted, but only in adults age 18 years and older.Kid-specific results: None postedTime frame: February 15, 2021 – July 22, 2021Trial NCT04816643Ages included:6 months to11 yearsNumber of people (all ages): 4,500Clinical trial phase:Phase 2/3What the trial is looking at: Researchers are analyzing the safety, tolerability and immune responses of the COVID-19 vaccine in healthy children under the age of 12 years.Kid-specific results: None postedTimeframe: March 24, 2021 – April 29, 2022 (primary completion date). The final study completion date is scheduled for October 27, 2023.Trial NCT04848584Ages included:16 and olderNumber of people (all ages): 999Clinical trial phase:Active, not recruitingWhat the trial is looking at: The trial will analyze the effectiveness of two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine at preventing hospitalization from the virus. Researchers will also examine its effectiveness against different strains of the virus.Kid-specific results: None postedTimeframe: May 15, 2021 – April 1, 2022 (primary completion date). The final study completion date is scheduled for July 30, 2023.What’s the Difference Between the 3 Available COVID-19 Vaccines?ModernaTrial NCT04649151Ages included:12 years to 17 yearsNumber of people (all ages): 3,732Clinical trial phase:Phase 2/3What the trial is looking at: This clinical trial is analyzing the safety and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine in teens, along with its side effects and ability to prevent the virus.Kid-specific results: A press release from Moderna issued in late May says that the vaccine is 100% effective against COVID-19 in this age group. The vaccine is also “generally well tolerated” and has “no significant safety concerns” as of now.Timeframe: December 9, 2020 – June 30, 2022Trial NCT04796896Ages included:6 months to11 yearsNumber of people (all ages): 13,275Clinical trial phase:Phase 2/3What the trial is looking at: The trial will study the safety and effectiveness of this vaccine in children between the ages of 6 months and 11 years.Kid-specific results: None postedTimeframe: March 15, 2021 – June 12, 2023Why Diversity Matters In COVID-19 Vaccine TrialsNovavaxTrial NCT04611802Ages included:12 years and olderNumber of people (all ages): 33,000Clinical trial phase:Phase 3What the trial is looking at: The trial is evaluating the safety and efficacy of the Novavax vaccine in adults 18 and up, as well as teens between the ages of 12 to 17 who are at risk of COVID-19.Kid-specific results: None postedTime frame: December 27, 2020 – June 30, 2023Pfizer, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca, SputnikTrial NCT04832932Ages included:16 years and olderNumber of people (all ages): 1,000Clinical trial phase:RecruitingWhat the trial is looking at: The trial is looking at potential side effects, including long-term effects of the vaccine. It’s also analyzing how many study participants develop COVID-19.Kid-specific results: None postedTime frame: June 15, 2021 – June 15, 2022 (primary completion date). The final completion date is scheduled for December 31, 2022.The information in this article is current as of the date listed, which means newer information may be available when you read this. For the most recent updates on COVID-19, visit ourcoronavirus news page.

Key TakeawaysSeveral clinical trials testing COVID-19 vaccines in kids are currently underway.Children as young as 12 are now eligible to receive the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.

Key Takeaways

Several clinical trials testing COVID-19 vaccines in kids are currently underway.Children as young as 12 are now eligible to receive the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.

Now that over half of the U.S. adult population has received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, the country is expanding its efforts to get kids vaccinated next.

Currently, there are three COVID-19 vaccines authorized for use in the U.S., but clinical trials are still underway to determine if these vaccines are safe for younger age groups.

Kids under the age of 16 are now eligible for a COVID-19 vaccine in the United States. On Monday, May 10, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for use in adolescents ages 12 through 15.

Pfizer Vaccine Cleared For Kids Ages 12-15

Seven U.S.-based clinical trials are testing the COVID-19 vaccines in children right now (an eighth is taking place in the U.S. and the U.K.), with some study participants as young as 6 months. But not every trial is at the same stage.

Here’s where clinical trials on COVID-19 vaccines in children in the U.S. stand, plus when you can expect them to release results.

What Are the Phases of a Clinical Trial?The clinical development of a vaccine is a three-phase process, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):Phase 1:During a Phase 1 study, scientists try to determine the strongest vaccine dose that causes the fewest side effects. This helps determine the proper dose to administer to people. A few dozen people participate in Phase 1 studies.Phase 2.In a Phase 2 study, the vaccine is tested among hundreds of people who have similar characteristics, such as age, gender, and medical conditions, to determine how effective the vaccine is in certain types of people. If Phase 2 studies are successful, people will produce antibodies, and the clinical trial moves into Phase 3.Phase 3.The purpose of Phase 3 clinical trials is to evaluate the safety of a vaccine. Thousands of people participate in Phase 3 trials and scientists continue to monitor the effectiveness of the vaccine, as well as side effects that people experience.

What Are the Phases of a Clinical Trial?

The clinical development of a vaccine is a three-phase process, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):Phase 1:During a Phase 1 study, scientists try to determine the strongest vaccine dose that causes the fewest side effects. This helps determine the proper dose to administer to people. A few dozen people participate in Phase 1 studies.Phase 2.In a Phase 2 study, the vaccine is tested among hundreds of people who have similar characteristics, such as age, gender, and medical conditions, to determine how effective the vaccine is in certain types of people. If Phase 2 studies are successful, people will produce antibodies, and the clinical trial moves into Phase 3.Phase 3.The purpose of Phase 3 clinical trials is to evaluate the safety of a vaccine. Thousands of people participate in Phase 3 trials and scientists continue to monitor the effectiveness of the vaccine, as well as side effects that people experience.

The clinical development of a vaccine is a three-phase process, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):

Pfizer

Trial NCT04368728

When Will Children Be Able to Get the COVID-19 Vaccine?

Trial NCT04713553

Trial NCT04816643

Trial NCT04848584

What’s the Difference Between the 3 Available COVID-19 Vaccines?

Moderna

Trial NCT04649151

Trial NCT04796896

Why Diversity Matters In COVID-19 Vaccine Trials

Novavax

Trial NCT04611802

Pfizer, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca, Sputnik

Trial NCT04832932

The information in this article is current as of the date listed, which means newer information may be available when you read this. For the most recent updates on COVID-19, visit ourcoronavirus news page.

5 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.COVID data tracker.Food and Drug Administration.Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA authorizes Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use in adolescents in another important action in fight against pandemic.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Vaccine testing and the approval process.Pfizer.Pfizer-BioNTech announce positive topline results of pivotal COVID-19 vaccine study in adolescents.Moderna.Moderna announces TeenCOVE study of its COVID-19 vaccine in adolescents meets primary endpoint and plans to submit data to regulators in early June.

5 Sources

Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.COVID data tracker.Food and Drug Administration.Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA authorizes Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use in adolescents in another important action in fight against pandemic.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Vaccine testing and the approval process.Pfizer.Pfizer-BioNTech announce positive topline results of pivotal COVID-19 vaccine study in adolescents.Moderna.Moderna announces TeenCOVE study of its COVID-19 vaccine in adolescents meets primary endpoint and plans to submit data to regulators in early June.

Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.COVID data tracker.Food and Drug Administration.Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA authorizes Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use in adolescents in another important action in fight against pandemic.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Vaccine testing and the approval process.Pfizer.Pfizer-BioNTech announce positive topline results of pivotal COVID-19 vaccine study in adolescents.Moderna.Moderna announces TeenCOVE study of its COVID-19 vaccine in adolescents meets primary endpoint and plans to submit data to regulators in early June.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.COVID data tracker.

Food and Drug Administration.Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA authorizes Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use in adolescents in another important action in fight against pandemic.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Vaccine testing and the approval process.

Pfizer.Pfizer-BioNTech announce positive topline results of pivotal COVID-19 vaccine study in adolescents.

Moderna.Moderna announces TeenCOVE study of its COVID-19 vaccine in adolescents meets primary endpoint and plans to submit data to regulators in early June.

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