Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsPhysical Coping SkillsEmotional Coping SkillsSocial Coping SkillsMaladaptive Coping Skills
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Physical Coping Skills
Emotional Coping Skills
Social Coping Skills
Maladaptive Coping Skills
Even with treatments such as antidepressants or psychotherapy, having additional strategies to cope with depression is helpful. Self-regulation andcoping mechanismsplay an essential role in treatment. They can provide relief and increase the effectiveness of other interventions.
This article offers 22 coping skills for depression, including therapeutic, physical, emotional, and social strategies.
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Depression Coping Skills Used in Therapy
Nearly 6% of adults experience one or moremajor depressiveepisodes each year, and over 60% of them receive treatment.Mental health providers, such as psychologists, therapists, and counselors, can work through various depression coping skills during therapy sessions.
Psychotherapy, also called talk therapy, involves communication-based techniques to help you cope with depression. These techniques are used under the supervision of a mental health professional.
Depression and Anxiety OverlapDepression and anxiety symptoms sometimes overlap. The coping skills described below are helpful for people with depression and may help improve anxiety symptoms, too.
Depression and Anxiety Overlap
Depression and anxiety symptoms sometimes overlap. The coping skills described below are helpful for people with depression and may help improve anxiety symptoms, too.
Obesity and Depression: Is There a Connection?
Reframe Thoughts
Cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) is one of the most researched and effective interventions for depression and has been found effective when provided in a number of ways, including face-to-face, remotely, and in hybrid formats.
During a CBT session, your mental health provider will teach you how to recognize how your thoughts influence your behaviors and emotions. Once you learn to identify the root cause of your behaviors and feelings, the provider will offer strategies to help you reframe, or adjust, your thoughts and behavior patterns to lead to different emotions.
Improve Interpersonal Relationships
Interpersonal psychotherapy(IPT) is effective in improving the severity of depression.With this treatment, mental health professionals help you learn skills to improve your interpersonal relationships.
Examples include resolving a conflict with a family member, improving issues that contribute to loneliness, supporting transitions in relationships such as marriage or divorce, or coping with the loss of a friend or family member.
Practice Guided Mindfulness Exercises
Mindfulnessis becoming aware of and drawing attention to thoughts, feelings, emotions, breath and/or your senses, things in the environment, and more. Mindfulness-based interventions are effective in treating depression and preventing additional depressive episodes.
This can help you focus on the present instead of ruminating about past events or feeling anxious about the future. Mental health providers can help you develop mindfulness through guided exercises.
Identify Triggers
Psychotherapyfor depression may involve identifying situations or events from the past that may have contributed to developing depression.Discussing these parts of your life—and related thoughts and behaviors—can help you determine your triggers. Your therapist will work with you to develop appropriate coping skills to use when you’re faced with your triggers.
Self-Coping vs. Provider Support
Mental health providers can help you feel better faster than going it alone when you havedepression.But your therapist can’t be present throughout your daily life.Mental healthprofessionals may use part of your therapy sessions to teach you coping skills you can incorporate into your daily life.
Physical Coping Skills for Managing Depression
The physical body and mind are connected. For example, people who experience physical health challenges such ascancerandautoimmune diseaseare more likely to experience depression. Similarly, those with depression are at an increased risk of developing physical health conditions.
Coping skills that support the physical body can go a long way in improving and preventing depression symptoms.
Eat a Well-Balanced Diet
Research has found that eating quality,nutrient-dense foodsand limitinginflammatory foodsimproves and prevents depression.To improve your diet, limit sugar and processed foods and get enough essential vitamins and nutrients.
What Are the Best Foods for Depression?
Exercise Regularly
Participating in moderateaerobic exerciseat least three times per week improves depression symptoms.Examples of aerobic exercise include walking, running, rowing, biking, and dancing.
Losing interest in activities you once enjoyed is a hallmark of depression. It’s common to want to skip exercise when you’re feeling depressed. It’s OK to feel that way, and important to keep trying.
Practice Breathing Techniques
Breathingtechniques help calm your mind and nervous system and relieve depression symptoms.Examples of breathing techniques are slow, deep, and box breathing exercises.
Start a Yoga Practice
Yogacan help improve depression symptoms.Hatha yoga is a common type, but other types are also beneficial. You can do yoga at home or at a yoga studio in a group class. It is a good option for people who don’t prefer or cannot participate in more strenuous exercise.
Take a Tai Chi Class
Prioritize Sleep
Sleep deprivationis linked to depression, so it’s important to prioritize sleep. Getting seven to eight hours of uninterrupted sleep can help to alleviate and prevent depression. Sometimes, insomnia can contribute to depression. If you struggle with insomnia, ask a healthcare provider for a referral to a therapist who specializes inCBT-i,a treatment for insomnia.
Seeking treatment for insomnia is especially important if you’re taking medication for depression—or comorbid (co-occurring) conditions. Certain medications can interfere with sleep.
Emotional Coping Skills for Managing Depression
Suicide Prevention HotlineIf you or someone you know are having suicidal thoughts, dial988to contact the988 Suicide & Crisis Lifelineand connect with a trained counselor. For more mental health resources, see ourNational Helpline Database.
Suicide Prevention Hotline
If you or someone you know are having suicidal thoughts, dial988to contact the988 Suicide & Crisis Lifelineand connect with a trained counselor. For more mental health resources, see ourNational Helpline Database.
Practice Self-Compassion
Self-compassioncan help to buffer depression symptoms.Many people are often more critical of themselves than they are of others. One exercise to extend more understanding and kindness to yourself is to consider how you would think about and act toward someone you care about if they were in a similar situation.
Track Your Progress
People who use apps to set goals and track their progress experience relief from depression symptoms.When using this coping skill, ensure your goals are appropriate and realistic. Setting and achieving small goals can help you feel a sense of accomplishment.
Try EFT Tapping
Practice Gratitude
Start a Meditation Practice
Meditationis intentional mental focus. You can do it while sitting still or moving, as withwalking meditation. Research shows that meditation is effective in relieving depression symptoms, and the benefits may last long-term.Some people meditate as part of their regular yoga practice, along with practicing gratitude, or independently.
Use Stress-Management
Stresscan increase your risk and symptoms of depression. If stress contributes to your depression symptoms, try some stress-managementtechniques.Stress-managementtechniques may help you bring awareness to stressful thoughts, feelings, and situations and respond calmly.
Routines can help improve sleep andinsomniaand, in turn, alleviate depression symptoms.Starting the day with amorning routineis a great way to set a positive foundation for your day. A morning routine may include exercise, gratitude practice, and other coping skills.
Social Coping Skills for Managing Depression
Symptoms of depression can include avoidingsocialsettings and losing interest in interacting with friends and family.This presents a challenge to getting through depression since social support can prevent and alleviate symptoms of depression. Learning social coping skills can give you the tools to engage in positive social interactions.
Reach Out to a Friend
Friend supportcan help to prevent and alleviate symptoms of depression and lessen the impact ofbullyingon the risk of depression.Although people with depression may not always feel up for social interactions, reaching out to a trusted friend can help. Explaining your depression symptoms to a friend can be challenging and scary, but knowing that you have someone to confide in can help improve your symptoms.
Lean on Supportive Family Members
Like supportivefriend relationships, research has shown that supportive family relationships relieve and prevent depression symptoms.It can be helpful to connect with a trusted family member. Letting them know about your thoughts, feelings, and depressive symptoms may also be beneficial.
Join a Support Group
While friends and family play an important role in depression support, they may not fully understand your experience without having experienced the symptoms themselves.Support groupsspecifically for depression serve as a way to connect with people who can personally relate.
Additionally, people trained to support those living with depression often lead or organize such groups, so it can be an excellent way to learn additional coping skills.
Get Involved in Your Community
Feeling connected to and a part of acommunitycan help to prevent and alleviate symptoms of depression.Having a connection to an identity can help, too. Participating in community activities, such as school groups, neighborhood activities, religious group functions, sports or hobbies, and other areas of interest can be beneficial.
Confide in Your Colleagues
Many people experiencing depression fear discrimination and other adverse effects at work if anyone in the workplace were to find out. However, there are laws in place to protect against such situations.Additionally, employees have legal rights to accommodations in theworkplace, which includes mental health. Having the social support of a coworker or boss can help you cope with depression.
Maladaptive Depression Coping Skills
There are many coping skills to help you manage depression, but not all of them are good. Maladaptive coping skills, also known as maladaptive coping mechanisms, are ways that people respond to challenging situations and experiences like depression that are often ineffective and unhealthy.
Some examples of maladaptive depression coping may include:
It is essential to seek the support of a mental health provider if you notice you’re using maladaptive coping strategies. These are signs of distress, and help is available.
Summary
Various depression coping skills can help you manage your symptoms. These coping skills may include physical, emotional, and social strategies. Many coping skills can be combined for added benefit, such as making mindfulness meditation and practicing gratitude part of a bedtime routine that leads to plenty of quality sleep. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of depression, reach out to a healthcare provider for support.
27 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.National Institute of Mental Health.Major depression.López-López JA, Davies SR, Caldwell DM, et al.The process and delivery of CBT for depression in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Psychol Med. 2019;49(12):1937-1947. doi:10.1017/S003329171900120XLemmens LHJM, Arntz A, Peeters F, Hollon SD, Roefs A, Huibers MJH.Clinical effectiveness of cognitive therapy v. interpersonal psychotherapy for depression: results of a randomized controlled trial.Psychological Medicine. 2015;45(10):2095-2110. doi:10.1017/S0033291715000033Kocovski N, MacKenzie M.Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: trends and developments.PRBM. 2016:125. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S63949American Psychological Association.Overcoming depression: How psychologists help with depressive disorders.National Health Service.Overview - depression in adults.Kang HJ, Kim SY, Bae KY, et al.Comorbidity of depression with physical disorders: research and clinical implications.Chonnam Med J. 2015;51(1):8. doi:10.4068/cmj.2015.51.1.8Molendijk M, Molero P, Ortuño Sánchez-Pedreño F, Van der Does W, Angel Martínez-González M.Diet quality and depression risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.Journal of Affective Disorders. 2018;226:346-354. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.09.022Stanton R, Reaburn P.Exercise and the treatment of depression: A review of the exercise program variables.Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2014;17(2):177-182. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2013.03.010Zaccaro A, Piarulli A, Laurino M, et al.How breath-control can change your life: a systematic review on psycho-physiological correlates of slow breathing.Front Hum Neurosci. 2018;12:353. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00353Bridges L, Sharma M.The efficacy of yoga as a form of treatment for depression.J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017;22(4):1017-1028. doi:10.1177/2156587217715927Wang F, Lee EKO, Wu T, et al.The effects of tai chi on depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis.IntJ Behav Med. 2014;21(4):605-617. doi:10.1007/s12529-013-9351-9Riemann D, Krone LB, Wulff K, Nissen C.Sleep, insomnia, and depression.Neuropsychopharmacol. 2020;45(1):74-89. doi:10.1038/s41386-019-0411-yAradilla-Herrero A, Tomás-Sábado J, Gómez-Benito J.Associations between emotional intelligence, depression and suicide risk in nursing students.Nurse Education Today. 2014;34(4):520-525. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2013.07.001Körner A, Coroiu A, Copeland L, et al.The role of self-compassion in buffering symptoms of depression in the general population. Seedat S, ed.PLoS ONE. 2015;10(10):e0136598. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136598Zhang R, Nicholas J, Knapp AA, et al.Clinically meaningful use of mental health apps and its effects on depression: mixed methods study.Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2019;21(12):e15644. doi:10.2196/15644Nelms JA, Castel L.A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized trials of clinical emotional freedom techniques (Eft) for the treatment of depression.EXPLORE. 2016;12(6):416-426. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2016.08.001Jo A I, John M M, Nicola S S.The association between gratitude and depression: a meta-analysis.Int J Depress Anxiety. 2021;4(1). doi:10.23937/2643-4059/1710024Saeed SA, Cunningham K, Bloch RM.Depression and anxiety disorders: benefits of exercise, yoga, and meditation.Am Fam Physician. 2019;99(10):620-627.Sharma M, Rush SE.Mindfulness-based stress reduction as a stress management intervention for healthy individuals: a systematic review.J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2014;19(4):271-286. doi:10.1177/2156587214543143Moss TG, Carney CE, Haynes P, Harris AL.Is daily routine important for sleep? an investigation of social rhythms in a clinical insomnia population.Chronobiology International. 2015;32(1):92-102. doi:10.3109/07420528.2014.956361National Health Service.Symptoms - depression in adults.van Harmelen AL, Gibson JL, St Clair MC, et al.Friendships and family support reduce subsequent depressive symptoms in at-risk adolescents. Alway SE, ed.PLoS ONE. 2016;11(5):e0153715. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153715American Psychological Association.Support group.Cruwys T, Alexander Haslam S, Dingle GA, et al.Feeling connected again: Interventions that increase social identification reduce depression symptoms in community and clinical settings.Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;159:139-146. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.019U.S. Department of Labor.Mental health at work.American Psychological Association.Coping mechanism.
27 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.National Institute of Mental Health.Major depression.López-López JA, Davies SR, Caldwell DM, et al.The process and delivery of CBT for depression in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Psychol Med. 2019;49(12):1937-1947. doi:10.1017/S003329171900120XLemmens LHJM, Arntz A, Peeters F, Hollon SD, Roefs A, Huibers MJH.Clinical effectiveness of cognitive therapy v. interpersonal psychotherapy for depression: results of a randomized controlled trial.Psychological Medicine. 2015;45(10):2095-2110. doi:10.1017/S0033291715000033Kocovski N, MacKenzie M.Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: trends and developments.PRBM. 2016:125. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S63949American Psychological Association.Overcoming depression: How psychologists help with depressive disorders.National Health Service.Overview - depression in adults.Kang HJ, Kim SY, Bae KY, et al.Comorbidity of depression with physical disorders: research and clinical implications.Chonnam Med J. 2015;51(1):8. doi:10.4068/cmj.2015.51.1.8Molendijk M, Molero P, Ortuño Sánchez-Pedreño F, Van der Does W, Angel Martínez-González M.Diet quality and depression risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.Journal of Affective Disorders. 2018;226:346-354. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.09.022Stanton R, Reaburn P.Exercise and the treatment of depression: A review of the exercise program variables.Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2014;17(2):177-182. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2013.03.010Zaccaro A, Piarulli A, Laurino M, et al.How breath-control can change your life: a systematic review on psycho-physiological correlates of slow breathing.Front Hum Neurosci. 2018;12:353. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00353Bridges L, Sharma M.The efficacy of yoga as a form of treatment for depression.J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017;22(4):1017-1028. doi:10.1177/2156587217715927Wang F, Lee EKO, Wu T, et al.The effects of tai chi on depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis.IntJ Behav Med. 2014;21(4):605-617. doi:10.1007/s12529-013-9351-9Riemann D, Krone LB, Wulff K, Nissen C.Sleep, insomnia, and depression.Neuropsychopharmacol. 2020;45(1):74-89. doi:10.1038/s41386-019-0411-yAradilla-Herrero A, Tomás-Sábado J, Gómez-Benito J.Associations between emotional intelligence, depression and suicide risk in nursing students.Nurse Education Today. 2014;34(4):520-525. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2013.07.001Körner A, Coroiu A, Copeland L, et al.The role of self-compassion in buffering symptoms of depression in the general population. Seedat S, ed.PLoS ONE. 2015;10(10):e0136598. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136598Zhang R, Nicholas J, Knapp AA, et al.Clinically meaningful use of mental health apps and its effects on depression: mixed methods study.Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2019;21(12):e15644. doi:10.2196/15644Nelms JA, Castel L.A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized trials of clinical emotional freedom techniques (Eft) for the treatment of depression.EXPLORE. 2016;12(6):416-426. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2016.08.001Jo A I, John M M, Nicola S S.The association between gratitude and depression: a meta-analysis.Int J Depress Anxiety. 2021;4(1). doi:10.23937/2643-4059/1710024Saeed SA, Cunningham K, Bloch RM.Depression and anxiety disorders: benefits of exercise, yoga, and meditation.Am Fam Physician. 2019;99(10):620-627.Sharma M, Rush SE.Mindfulness-based stress reduction as a stress management intervention for healthy individuals: a systematic review.J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2014;19(4):271-286. doi:10.1177/2156587214543143Moss TG, Carney CE, Haynes P, Harris AL.Is daily routine important for sleep? an investigation of social rhythms in a clinical insomnia population.Chronobiology International. 2015;32(1):92-102. doi:10.3109/07420528.2014.956361National Health Service.Symptoms - depression in adults.van Harmelen AL, Gibson JL, St Clair MC, et al.Friendships and family support reduce subsequent depressive symptoms in at-risk adolescents. Alway SE, ed.PLoS ONE. 2016;11(5):e0153715. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153715American Psychological Association.Support group.Cruwys T, Alexander Haslam S, Dingle GA, et al.Feeling connected again: Interventions that increase social identification reduce depression symptoms in community and clinical settings.Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;159:139-146. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.019U.S. Department of Labor.Mental health at work.American Psychological Association.Coping mechanism.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
National Institute of Mental Health.Major depression.López-López JA, Davies SR, Caldwell DM, et al.The process and delivery of CBT for depression in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Psychol Med. 2019;49(12):1937-1947. doi:10.1017/S003329171900120XLemmens LHJM, Arntz A, Peeters F, Hollon SD, Roefs A, Huibers MJH.Clinical effectiveness of cognitive therapy v. interpersonal psychotherapy for depression: results of a randomized controlled trial.Psychological Medicine. 2015;45(10):2095-2110. doi:10.1017/S0033291715000033Kocovski N, MacKenzie M.Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: trends and developments.PRBM. 2016:125. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S63949American Psychological Association.Overcoming depression: How psychologists help with depressive disorders.National Health Service.Overview - depression in adults.Kang HJ, Kim SY, Bae KY, et al.Comorbidity of depression with physical disorders: research and clinical implications.Chonnam Med J. 2015;51(1):8. doi:10.4068/cmj.2015.51.1.8Molendijk M, Molero P, Ortuño Sánchez-Pedreño F, Van der Does W, Angel Martínez-González M.Diet quality and depression risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.Journal of Affective Disorders. 2018;226:346-354. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.09.022Stanton R, Reaburn P.Exercise and the treatment of depression: A review of the exercise program variables.Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2014;17(2):177-182. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2013.03.010Zaccaro A, Piarulli A, Laurino M, et al.How breath-control can change your life: a systematic review on psycho-physiological correlates of slow breathing.Front Hum Neurosci. 2018;12:353. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00353Bridges L, Sharma M.The efficacy of yoga as a form of treatment for depression.J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017;22(4):1017-1028. doi:10.1177/2156587217715927Wang F, Lee EKO, Wu T, et al.The effects of tai chi on depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis.IntJ Behav Med. 2014;21(4):605-617. doi:10.1007/s12529-013-9351-9Riemann D, Krone LB, Wulff K, Nissen C.Sleep, insomnia, and depression.Neuropsychopharmacol. 2020;45(1):74-89. doi:10.1038/s41386-019-0411-yAradilla-Herrero A, Tomás-Sábado J, Gómez-Benito J.Associations between emotional intelligence, depression and suicide risk in nursing students.Nurse Education Today. 2014;34(4):520-525. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2013.07.001Körner A, Coroiu A, Copeland L, et al.The role of self-compassion in buffering symptoms of depression in the general population. Seedat S, ed.PLoS ONE. 2015;10(10):e0136598. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136598Zhang R, Nicholas J, Knapp AA, et al.Clinically meaningful use of mental health apps and its effects on depression: mixed methods study.Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2019;21(12):e15644. doi:10.2196/15644Nelms JA, Castel L.A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized trials of clinical emotional freedom techniques (Eft) for the treatment of depression.EXPLORE. 2016;12(6):416-426. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2016.08.001Jo A I, John M M, Nicola S S.The association between gratitude and depression: a meta-analysis.Int J Depress Anxiety. 2021;4(1). doi:10.23937/2643-4059/1710024Saeed SA, Cunningham K, Bloch RM.Depression and anxiety disorders: benefits of exercise, yoga, and meditation.Am Fam Physician. 2019;99(10):620-627.Sharma M, Rush SE.Mindfulness-based stress reduction as a stress management intervention for healthy individuals: a systematic review.J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2014;19(4):271-286. doi:10.1177/2156587214543143Moss TG, Carney CE, Haynes P, Harris AL.Is daily routine important for sleep? an investigation of social rhythms in a clinical insomnia population.Chronobiology International. 2015;32(1):92-102. doi:10.3109/07420528.2014.956361National Health Service.Symptoms - depression in adults.van Harmelen AL, Gibson JL, St Clair MC, et al.Friendships and family support reduce subsequent depressive symptoms in at-risk adolescents. Alway SE, ed.PLoS ONE. 2016;11(5):e0153715. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153715American Psychological Association.Support group.Cruwys T, Alexander Haslam S, Dingle GA, et al.Feeling connected again: Interventions that increase social identification reduce depression symptoms in community and clinical settings.Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;159:139-146. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.019U.S. Department of Labor.Mental health at work.American Psychological Association.Coping mechanism.
National Institute of Mental Health.Major depression.
López-López JA, Davies SR, Caldwell DM, et al.The process and delivery of CBT for depression in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Psychol Med. 2019;49(12):1937-1947. doi:10.1017/S003329171900120X
Lemmens LHJM, Arntz A, Peeters F, Hollon SD, Roefs A, Huibers MJH.Clinical effectiveness of cognitive therapy v. interpersonal psychotherapy for depression: results of a randomized controlled trial.Psychological Medicine. 2015;45(10):2095-2110. doi:10.1017/S0033291715000033
Kocovski N, MacKenzie M.Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: trends and developments.PRBM. 2016:125. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S63949
American Psychological Association.Overcoming depression: How psychologists help with depressive disorders.
National Health Service.Overview - depression in adults.
Kang HJ, Kim SY, Bae KY, et al.Comorbidity of depression with physical disorders: research and clinical implications.Chonnam Med J. 2015;51(1):8. doi:10.4068/cmj.2015.51.1.8
Molendijk M, Molero P, Ortuño Sánchez-Pedreño F, Van der Does W, Angel Martínez-González M.Diet quality and depression risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.Journal of Affective Disorders. 2018;226:346-354. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.09.022
Stanton R, Reaburn P.Exercise and the treatment of depression: A review of the exercise program variables.Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2014;17(2):177-182. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2013.03.010
Zaccaro A, Piarulli A, Laurino M, et al.How breath-control can change your life: a systematic review on psycho-physiological correlates of slow breathing.Front Hum Neurosci. 2018;12:353. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00353
Bridges L, Sharma M.The efficacy of yoga as a form of treatment for depression.J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017;22(4):1017-1028. doi:10.1177/2156587217715927
Wang F, Lee EKO, Wu T, et al.The effects of tai chi on depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis.IntJ Behav Med. 2014;21(4):605-617. doi:10.1007/s12529-013-9351-9
Riemann D, Krone LB, Wulff K, Nissen C.Sleep, insomnia, and depression.Neuropsychopharmacol. 2020;45(1):74-89. doi:10.1038/s41386-019-0411-y
Aradilla-Herrero A, Tomás-Sábado J, Gómez-Benito J.Associations between emotional intelligence, depression and suicide risk in nursing students.Nurse Education Today. 2014;34(4):520-525. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2013.07.001
Körner A, Coroiu A, Copeland L, et al.The role of self-compassion in buffering symptoms of depression in the general population. Seedat S, ed.PLoS ONE. 2015;10(10):e0136598. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136598
Zhang R, Nicholas J, Knapp AA, et al.Clinically meaningful use of mental health apps and its effects on depression: mixed methods study.Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2019;21(12):e15644. doi:10.2196/15644
Nelms JA, Castel L.A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized trials of clinical emotional freedom techniques (Eft) for the treatment of depression.EXPLORE. 2016;12(6):416-426. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2016.08.001
Jo A I, John M M, Nicola S S.The association between gratitude and depression: a meta-analysis.Int J Depress Anxiety. 2021;4(1). doi:10.23937/2643-4059/1710024
Saeed SA, Cunningham K, Bloch RM.Depression and anxiety disorders: benefits of exercise, yoga, and meditation.Am Fam Physician. 2019;99(10):620-627.
Sharma M, Rush SE.Mindfulness-based stress reduction as a stress management intervention for healthy individuals: a systematic review.J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2014;19(4):271-286. doi:10.1177/2156587214543143
Moss TG, Carney CE, Haynes P, Harris AL.Is daily routine important for sleep? an investigation of social rhythms in a clinical insomnia population.Chronobiology International. 2015;32(1):92-102. doi:10.3109/07420528.2014.956361
National Health Service.Symptoms - depression in adults.
van Harmelen AL, Gibson JL, St Clair MC, et al.Friendships and family support reduce subsequent depressive symptoms in at-risk adolescents. Alway SE, ed.PLoS ONE. 2016;11(5):e0153715. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153715
American Psychological Association.Support group.
Cruwys T, Alexander Haslam S, Dingle GA, et al.Feeling connected again: Interventions that increase social identification reduce depression symptoms in community and clinical settings.Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;159:139-146. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.019
U.S. Department of Labor.Mental health at work.
American Psychological Association.Coping mechanism.
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