Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsTypes and SymptomsCauses and TriggersSelf-CareTopical SteroidsPrescription TreatmentsWhen to Consult a ProviderIs Dermatitis Chronic?How to Stay Ahead of Flares
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Types and Symptoms
Causes and Triggers
Self-Care
Topical Steroids
Prescription Treatments
When to Consult a Provider
Is Dermatitis Chronic?
How to Stay Ahead of Flares
Dermatitis is a group of skin problems related to genes, environment, and allergies. In medical terms, “dermatitis” describes inflammation of the skin. The disease tends to come and go, causingflare-upsor “flares” (periods of active symptoms) and remission (periods of low or absent symptoms).
Reproduced with permission from © DermNet New Zealandwww.dermnetnz.org2023.
There are several types of dermatitis. The main types include the following.
Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis, often referred to as atopic eczema, is achronic(long-lasting) condition that usually begins in childhood, though it can occur at any age. It is the most common form of dermatitis. It is commonly associated with other allergic disorders, likeasthmaorhay fever.
Symptoms of atopic dermatitis include:
Contact Dermatitis
Contact dermatitis occurs when skin becomes irritated or inflamed after contact with anallergen(a normally harmless substance that triggers an allergic reaction) or irritants such as cosmetics, perfume,poison ivy, or a cleaning product.
Symptoms of contact dermatitis include:
Diaper Dermatitis
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoReproduced with permission from © DermNetdermnetnz.org2023.
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See Photo
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.
Reproduced with permission from © DermNetdermnetnz.org2023.
Dyshidrotic Dermatitis
Dyshidroticdermatitisis a type of eczema that occurs on your hands, feet, or both, though it is often limited to the hands. While its cause is unknown, it is thought to occur most often in people with some type of hypersensitivity.
Dyshidrotic dermatitis can occur as a single flare and then vanish forever. However, most people have flares that come and go, with new blisters appearing at intervals ranging from once a month to once a year.
Symptoms of dyshidrotic dermatitis include:
Neurodermatitis
Neurodermatitis, also known aslichen simplex chronicus, is a type of dermatitis that begins with an itchy patch that spreads to a rash as a result of itching. It tends to start during periods of stress, anxiety, or worry and continue long after these feelings fade.
Symptoms of neurodermatitis include:
Nummular Dermatitis
Nummulardermatitis, also known as discoid eczema or nummular eczema, involves scattered, circular patches that are often itchy and may ooze. The word “nummular” originates from the Latin word for “coin,” since the spots can appear coin-shaped on your skin.
While its triggers are unclear, nummular dermatitis can occur as a result of very dry or sensitive skin and trauma to your skin from irritations such as scrapes, chemical burns, or other types of dermatitis.
Nummular dermatitis can occur with other types of dermatitis or as an isolated condition. Symptoms of nummular dermatitis include:
Perioral Dermatitis
Perioraldermatitis, or peri-orificial dermatitis, is an itchy rash that typically occurs around your mouth or other areas of your face. It can be mistaken foracneorrosacea.
Symptoms of perioral dermatitis include:
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Seborrheicdermatitisis an inflammatory condition that causes dry, flaky skin patches. These usually occur in oil-prone areas of your body except the palms and soles.
Mild seborrheic dermatitis on your scalp is often referred to asdandruff. In infants, it is known ascradle cap. The condition usually appears during infancy, adolescence, or in people age 30 or later.
Symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis include:
Stasis Dermatitis
Stasis dermatitis, also called gravitational dermatitis, venous eczema, or varicose eczema, occurs when there is poor blood flow through your veins.
Symptoms of stasis dermatitis include:
Reproduced with permission from © DermNet New Zealand and © Raimo Suhonenwww.dermnetnz.org2023.
Genetics
Atopic dermatitis, the most common type, tends to run in families. Having a close family member with the condition increases your chances of having it.
Environmental Factors
Excess heat can trigger a flare-up when sweat collects in the folds of the skin, irritating it. Very cold temperatures can dry skin and trigger dermatitis symptoms such as brittle and flaky skin.
Allergies and Other Immune System Reactions
While allergies and dermatitis are unique conditions, they can be related. Contact dermatitis can occur as the result of an allergy to anallergen. Common allergens include fragrances, skincare products, and preservatives. Food allergies can also trigger dermatitis symptoms.
Stress
Higherstressor anxiety levels can trigger an increase in cortisol (a hormone), which increases skin oil production and can trigger a dermatitis flare-up. Stress andanxietycan also suppress the body’s immune system, increasing the risk of dermatitis.
What Conditions Can Mimic Eczema?
Self-Care for Irritating Symptoms
Self-careinvolves using non-prescription treatments with or without supervision from your healthcare provider. Depending on the extent of your condition, you may be able to use one or more of the following to reduce irritating symptoms, such as itching and inflammation.
Avoid scratching the itchy or inflamed area:
Apply lotions and moisturizers as needed to provide relief. Look for products with the following ingredients:
Bathe less often with shorter, cooler baths or showers:
Take an oralantihistamineto relieve itching. Some antihistamines may have a sedative effect to help you sleep through the itching. Over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamines used for dermatitis include:
Take one of the following types of OTC pain relievers to treat burning, pain, and inflammation:
Avoid ingredients known to trigger inflammation and flares. These substances should be avoided alone or as an ingredient in skincare products, soaps, and shampoos. They include:
Best Self-Care Ideas for Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
Steroid Cream Comparison
Steroid creams, also called topical steroids or topical corticosteroids, are applied directly to your skin to relieve inflammation and irritation. Steroid creams are grouped into seven classes based on their concentration and performance.
Class I steroids, which are the strongest steroid creams, require a prescription. Class VII steroids, such as hydrocortisone, are the least potent and available OTC. They can be used as treatments in self-care when applied according to the package instructions.
The choice of formulation affects the way the steroid cream is absorbed. Formulations include:
Why/When Steroid Creams Could Worsen SymptomsSteroid creams can worsen dermatitis symptoms in the following circumstances;Treatment of steroid-induced perioral dermatitis: When high-potency topical steroids are applied to the face, it can produce painfulerythema, which can also affect the cheek area.Treatment of corticosteroid contact allergy: Topical steroid sensitivity produces allergic contact dermatitis reactions or worsening of existing symptoms.Topical steroid withdrawalsymptoms: After long-term use, stopping steroids can cause a withdrawal reaction that can be more intense than the original symptoms.
Why/When Steroid Creams Could Worsen Symptoms
Steroid creams can worsen dermatitis symptoms in the following circumstances;Treatment of steroid-induced perioral dermatitis: When high-potency topical steroids are applied to the face, it can produce painfulerythema, which can also affect the cheek area.Treatment of corticosteroid contact allergy: Topical steroid sensitivity produces allergic contact dermatitis reactions or worsening of existing symptoms.Topical steroid withdrawalsymptoms: After long-term use, stopping steroids can cause a withdrawal reaction that can be more intense than the original symptoms.
Steroid creams can worsen dermatitis symptoms in the following circumstances;
Prescribed Treatment and Length of Use
There are several commonly prescribed treatments for dermatitis. However, they should be used as directed for the prescribed length of time to avoid adverse effects. Your healthcare provider will determine the treatment and duration based on your condition. Prescribed treatments and common durations include:
Topical corticosteroids:
Other medications:
How to Get Atopic Dermatitis Into Remission
While many types of dermatitis can be managed at home without medical treatment, you should consult a healthcare provider if you have any type of dermatitis with the following characteristics:
Managing dermatitis often involves working with an interdisciplinary care team to identify and treat different aspects of your condition. Depending on your needs, your dermatitis care team may include:
When Dermatitis Can Lead to a Secondary ConditionIn some cases, dermatitis can lead to a secondary condition.Vulvular dermatitisis an inflammation of the vulva (the skin and external structures surrounding your vagina). Symptoms include redness or discoloration, itching, and rash. It often results from heat, moisture, allergies, or a reaction to irritants.Vulvular dermatitis can lead tovulvodynia(a pain disorder of the vulva). Research indicates that this painful condition may occur from injury or irritation to the nerves that transmit pain from your vulva to your spinal cord. Other factors, such as elevated levels of inflammatory substances in the vulva, may also be contributing factors.
When Dermatitis Can Lead to a Secondary Condition
In some cases, dermatitis can lead to a secondary condition.Vulvular dermatitisis an inflammation of the vulva (the skin and external structures surrounding your vagina). Symptoms include redness or discoloration, itching, and rash. It often results from heat, moisture, allergies, or a reaction to irritants.Vulvular dermatitis can lead tovulvodynia(a pain disorder of the vulva). Research indicates that this painful condition may occur from injury or irritation to the nerves that transmit pain from your vulva to your spinal cord. Other factors, such as elevated levels of inflammatory substances in the vulva, may also be contributing factors.
In some cases, dermatitis can lead to a secondary condition.Vulvular dermatitisis an inflammation of the vulva (the skin and external structures surrounding your vagina). Symptoms include redness or discoloration, itching, and rash. It often results from heat, moisture, allergies, or a reaction to irritants.
Vulvular dermatitis can lead tovulvodynia(a pain disorder of the vulva). Research indicates that this painful condition may occur from injury or irritation to the nerves that transmit pain from your vulva to your spinal cord. Other factors, such as elevated levels of inflammatory substances in the vulva, may also be contributing factors.
Dermatitis is considered a chronic or long-term condition for most people. It typically ebbs and flows in a cycle of flares and remission. However, certain types of dermatitis can be limited. These include:
How Long Does Eczema Last?
While it may be impossible to prevent all dermatitis symptoms, the following strategies may help you stay ahead of flares and relieve the discomfort they cause:
Summary
While most types of dermatitis are chronic, some types can resolve. Finding your triggers and limiting your exposure to them can help you reduce your risk of flares.
Self-care can be useful for treating most cases of dermatitis. However, if symptoms persist or show signs of infection, contact a healthcare provider.
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