Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsFoods for Enlarged ProstateEnlarged Prostate and Diet: What’s the Link?Recommended TimingDietary Restrictions and ModificationsCarnivore Diet and BPH

Table of ContentsView All

View All

Table of Contents

Foods for Enlarged Prostate

Enlarged Prostate and Diet: What’s the Link?

Recommended Timing

Dietary Restrictions and Modifications

Carnivore Diet and BPH

What you eat and drink can play an important role in preventing or managingbenign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH), or an enlarged prostate. Vegetables, fruits, and fish are some foods that can help. While a healthy and balanced diet is good for overall health, certain foods may be especially beneficial for prostate health.

Tomatoes

Tomatoes are high in the plant compoundlycopene, which is an antioxidant. Antioxidants help protect the body fromfree radicals(unstable molecules that can damage DNA and other cell structures). Research has shown that higher levels of lycopene may be beneficial for prostate health and reduce the risk ofprostate cancer.

Cooked tomatoes, such as sun-dried tomatoes or tomato paste, tend to have higher concentrations of lycopene than fresh tomatoes. Other good sources of lycopene include other red-hued fruits and vegetables, such as watermelon, grapefruit, apricots, and guava.

Avocados

Avocadosand their oil may have protective effects when it comes to an enlarged prostate.Avocados are rich in healthymonounsaturated fats, fiber, vitamins and minerals, and plantsterolslike beta-sitosterol. Beta-sitosterol has also been linked to improved lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with BPH, though more research is needed in this area.

Citrus Fruits

Citrus fruitssuch as oranges and grapefruit, are high in vitamin C. Vitamin C has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Other foods high in vitamin C include peppers, strawberries, kiwi, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage.

Cruciferous Vegetables

Cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, bok choy, kale, and Brussels sprouts, are rich in antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals (bioactive plant compounds that may help protect against disease).

Some studies suggest thatsulforaphane, a phytochemical found in many cruciferous vegetables, is beneficial for prostate health and may helpprevent, delay, or reduce prostate cancer growth.

Fish

Fish, especially oily fish, such as salmon, tuna, and mackerel, have healthyomega-3 fatsand are excellent sources of lean protein.

A 2017 randomized controlled trial found that people with BPH who included omega-3 fats in their treatment plan with medications saw more and longer-lasting improvements than those who took medication alone.However, these studies are limited. More research is needed to verify the effects of omega-3 fats on prostate health.

Oysters

Oysters are high inzinc. Some researchers suggest that zinc may play a role in BPH in relation to testosterone. One study showed that people with BPH had lower levels of testosterone and zinc compared to healthy individuals.

Other good sources of zinc are other seafood such as crab and shrimp, beef, pork, turkey, pumpkin seeds, fortified cereals, nuts, and dairy products.

Green Tea

Green tea has been studied for its benefit in improving symptoms for people with BPH. One study found that people who took a green and black tea blend had improved LUTS associated with BPH.However, overall research on this topic has not been conclusive, and additional studies are needed to evaluate these effects fully.

Young or Middle-Age People Recommended to Make Dietary ChangesIf you are ayoung or middle-agedperson assigned male at birth and your healthcare provider or urologist recommends making changes to your diet for prostate health, know it is in your best interest. Some individuals are more likely to develop BPH, such as those with a family history of BPH, who have obesity, heart and circulatory disease, type 2 diabetes, and/or erectile dysfunction, or do not regularly engage in physical activity.Making dietary changes early can help improve prostate and overall health in hopes of preventing BPH.

If you are ayoung or middle-agedperson assigned male at birth and your healthcare provider or urologist recommends making changes to your diet for prostate health, know it is in your best interest. Some individuals are more likely to develop BPH, such as those with a family history of BPH, who have obesity, heart and circulatory disease, type 2 diabetes, and/or erectile dysfunction, or do not regularly engage in physical activity.Making dietary changes early can help improve prostate and overall health in hopes of preventing BPH.

Lifestyle changes, including diet modification and certain nutritional supplements, can positively influencesymptoms of BPH.

While the cause of BPH is not fully understood, it is known that it affects mainly people over the age of 50. Researchers think this may be related to the natural decline in testosterone with age and changes in other hormones.

Certain foods and beverages are thought to affect prostate health because of their effects on testosterone and other hormones. A healthcare provider may recommend some diet-related lifestyle changes for individuals whose symptoms are mild, such as:

In addition to these recommendations, eating certain foods and avoiding others may help improve prostate health.

Before and After Surgery

After surgery, it’s important to maximize nutrition to help your body recover and heal.Proteinplays a big role in tissue repair and muscle recovery. Lean protein options include skinless chicken and turkey, fish, beans, nuts, and seeds.

If you are nauseous, eating bland foods in small amounts may be helpful. You may also be advised to avoid certain foods and beverages, such as spicy foods, acidic foods like citrus fruits and tomatoes, caffeine, and alcoholuntil you have fully healed.

Everyday Eating

Eating a healthy, balanced diet rich in vegetables, fruits, lean protein, and healthy fats will provide a variety of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and fiber that support prostate health. Modeling aMediterranean-style dietmay be beneficial for BPH,and prostate cancer prevention.

A Mediterranean-style diet is rich in minimally processed plant-based foods (vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and lentils).Fish, poultry, eggs, and low-fat dairy are enjoyed in small to moderate amounts. Olive oil is the primary fat source.

Diet for Enlarged Prostate and Prostate CancerDietary patterns have been shown to influence prostate cancer risk, though exactly what and how remains unclear.Nevertheless, if you have an enlarged prostate and prostate cancer, diet can play a critical role in maintaining overall health,easing symptoms, and working together with other aspects of your treatment plan to help improve outcomes.Work closely with your healthcare team to help determine the best dietary pattern for your needs and treatment plan. You may be referred to a registered dietitian to help guide you in finding foods and beverages that fit your lifestyle and treatment plan.

Diet for Enlarged Prostate and Prostate Cancer

Dietary patterns have been shown to influence prostate cancer risk, though exactly what and how remains unclear.Nevertheless, if you have an enlarged prostate and prostate cancer, diet can play a critical role in maintaining overall health,easing symptoms, and working together with other aspects of your treatment plan to help improve outcomes.Work closely with your healthcare team to help determine the best dietary pattern for your needs and treatment plan. You may be referred to a registered dietitian to help guide you in finding foods and beverages that fit your lifestyle and treatment plan.

Dietary patterns have been shown to influence prostate cancer risk, though exactly what and how remains unclear.Nevertheless, if you have an enlarged prostate and prostate cancer, diet can play a critical role in maintaining overall health,easing symptoms, and working together with other aspects of your treatment plan to help improve outcomes.

Work closely with your healthcare team to help determine the best dietary pattern for your needs and treatment plan. You may be referred to a registered dietitian to help guide you in finding foods and beverages that fit your lifestyle and treatment plan.

If you have an enlarged prostate and also follow a specific dietary pattern or have certain dietary restrictions, it can be complicated to determine what to eat. You may need to be creative or work with a registered dietitian to help achieve desired outcomes. But it is possible to make modifications to allow for required dietary changes and still benefit prostate health.

Keto

Theketo dietis a high-fat, very-low-carbohydrate diet. While there is little research on the keto diet and BPH, it should be noted that historically, high-fat diets have been shown to negatively affect prostate health.

Research suggests that diets high in saturated fat may increase obesity and inflammation, which can raise the risk of an enlarged prostate and associated symptoms.

However, if you are careful to ensure the types of fats you consume are healthy for you and your prostate, such as the healthier unsaturated fats found in fish, avocados, olives, nuts, and seeds, then you may be able to safely follow a prostate-friendly (and moreheart-healthy) ketogenic diet.

If you have BPH and want to follow the keto diet, talk to your healthcare provider about potential pros and cons so you can decide if it is right for you.

Vegetarian

Plant-based diets, such as vegetarian diets, are often abundant in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and healthy fats. These foods are good for prostate health and overall health and well-being. Studies suggest that individuals who follow a vegan diet (consume only plant-based foods) may have a lower risk of prostate cancer.

Anti-Inflammatory

Inflammation has been associated with an increased risk of BPH and LUTS.An anti-inflammatory diet may improve symptoms. The Mediterranean diet is anti-inflammatory.

All foods listed above that are good for an enlarged prostate can be included in an anti-inflammatory diet. Avoid pro-inflammatory foods high in saturated fats, refined carbohydrates, added sugars, and sodium.

Celiac Disease and Gluten Intolerance

People withceliac disease and gluten intolerancemust avoid gluten in their diet.Glutenis a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye grains. While this may eliminate some whole grains from the diet, other gluten-free whole grains can be included in a prostate-friendly diet.

Some nutrient-rich gluten-free whole grains are brown rice, quinoa, oats (certified gluten-free), amaranth, teff, and sorghum.

Diet and Natural Prevention of Enlarged Prostate

Enlarged Prostate vs. Carnivore Diet

Thecarnivore dietis an eating pattern that only includes meat and fish and may allow for other animal foods like eggs and certain dairy products.This eliminates many nutrient-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, beans, nuts, and seeds. It is an extreme form of ketogenic diet.

Research is lacking on the use of a carnivore diet for an enlarged prostate. While there are some individual accounts of people benefiting from it, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized recommendations before making any dietary changes.

Summary

Research suggests that diet can influence the risk of developing an enlarged prostate or benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and the management of symptoms. Including nutrient-rich foods such as tomatoes, avocados, fatty fish, oysters, cruciferous vegetables, and citrus fruits may help improve prostate health.

Additionally, green tea and the herb saw palmetto have been used for an enlarged prostate, though more research is needed. Diet before and after surgery for an enlarged prostate may vary depending on the procedure being performed and your healthcare provider’s instructions.

27 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Chen P, Zhang W, Wang X, et al.Lycopene and risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine(Baltimore). 2015;94(33):e1260. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000001260MedlinePlus.Lycopene.da Silva VAP, Abboud RS, Contreiras EC, Boaventura GT, Chagas MA.Avocado oil (Persea americana) reduces epithelial proliferation on benign prostatic hyperplasia.J Am Nutr Assoc. 2023;42(8):783-789. doi:10.1080/27697061.2023.2179552Macoska JA.The use of beta-sitosterol for the treatment of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia.Am J Clin Exp Urol. 2023;11(6):467-480.National Institutes of Health; Office of Dietary Supplements.Vitamin C: fact sheet for health professionals.Kumar A, P N, Kumar M, et al.Major phytochemicals: recent advances in health benefits and extraction method.Molecules. 2023;28(2):887. doi:10.3390/molecules28020887Ferreira PMP, Rodrigues LARL, de Alencar Carnib LP, et al.Cruciferous vegetables as antioxidative, chemopreventive and antineoplasic functional foods: preclinical and clinical evidences of sulforaphane against prostate cancers.Curr Pharm Des. 2018;24(40):4779-4793. doi:10.2174/1381612825666190116124233Ghadian A, Rezaei M.Combination therapy with omega-3 fatty acids plus tamsulocin and finasteride in the treatment of men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Inflammopharmacology. 2017;25(4):451-458. doi:10.1007/s10787-017-0343-2Radhi G, Hilal N, Abdul-Aziz M.Testosterone and serum zinc levels in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.Georgian Med News. 2023;(340-341):81-86.National Institutes of Health; Office of Dietary Supplements.Zinc: fact sheet for health professionals.Katz A, Efros M, Kaminetsky J, Herrlinger K, Chirouzes D, Ceddia M.A green and black tea extract benefits urological health in men with lower urinary tract symptoms.Ther Adv Urol. 2014;6(3):89-96. doi:10.1177/1756287214526924National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.Prostate enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia).Das K, Buchholz N.Benign prostate hyperplasia and nutrition.Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2019;33:5-11. doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.07.015McVary KT.Patient education: benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (beyond the basics). UpToDate.Russo GI, Broggi G, Cocci A, et al.Relationship between dietary patterns with benign prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction: a collaborative review.Nutrients. 2021;13(11):4148. doi:10.3390/nu13114148Capurso C, Vendemiale G.The Mediterranean diet reduces the risk and mortality of the prostate cancer: a narrative review.Front Nutr. 2017;4:38. doi:10.3389/fnut.2017.00038American Heart Association.What is the Mediterranean diet?Matsushita M, Fujita K, Nonomura N.Influence of diet and nutrition on prostate cancer.Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(4):1447. Published 2020 Feb 20. doi:10.3390/ijms21041447Cicero AFG, Allkanjari O, Busetto GM, et al.Nutraceutical treatment and prevention of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2019;91(3):10.4081/aiua.2019.3.139. doi:10.4081/aiua.2019.3.139Zuniga KB, Chan JM, Ryan CJ, Kenfield SA.Diet and lifestyle considerations for patients with prostate cancer.Urol Oncol. 2020;38(3):105-117. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.06.018Gu M, Liu C, Yang T, et al.High-fat diet induced gut microbiota alterations associating with ghrelin/jak2/stat3 up-regulation to promote benign prostatic hyperplasia development.Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:615928. doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.615928Shankar E, Bhaskaran N, MacLennan GT, Liu G, Daneshgari F, Gupta S.Inflammatory signaling involved in high-fat diet induced prostate diseases.J Urol Res. 2015;2(1):1018.Tantamango-Bartley Y, Knutsen SF, Knutsen R, et al.Are strict vegetarians protected against prostate cancer?.Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103(1):153-160. doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.106450Lloyd GL, Marks JM, Ricke WA.Benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms: what is the role and significance of inflammation?Curr Urol Rep. 2019;20(9):54. doi:10.1007/s11934-019-0917-1Tsigalou C, Konstantinidis T, Paraschaki A, et al.Mediterranean diet as a tool to combat inflammation and chronic diseases. an overview.Biomedicines. 2020;8(7):201. doi:10.3390/biomedicines8070201Aljada B, Zohni A, El-Matary W.The gluten-free diet for celiac disease and beyond.Nutrients. 2021;13(11):3993. doi:10.3390/nu13113993Harvard Health Publishing.What is the carnivore diet?

27 Sources

Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Chen P, Zhang W, Wang X, et al.Lycopene and risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine(Baltimore). 2015;94(33):e1260. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000001260MedlinePlus.Lycopene.da Silva VAP, Abboud RS, Contreiras EC, Boaventura GT, Chagas MA.Avocado oil (Persea americana) reduces epithelial proliferation on benign prostatic hyperplasia.J Am Nutr Assoc. 2023;42(8):783-789. doi:10.1080/27697061.2023.2179552Macoska JA.The use of beta-sitosterol for the treatment of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia.Am J Clin Exp Urol. 2023;11(6):467-480.National Institutes of Health; Office of Dietary Supplements.Vitamin C: fact sheet for health professionals.Kumar A, P N, Kumar M, et al.Major phytochemicals: recent advances in health benefits and extraction method.Molecules. 2023;28(2):887. doi:10.3390/molecules28020887Ferreira PMP, Rodrigues LARL, de Alencar Carnib LP, et al.Cruciferous vegetables as antioxidative, chemopreventive and antineoplasic functional foods: preclinical and clinical evidences of sulforaphane against prostate cancers.Curr Pharm Des. 2018;24(40):4779-4793. doi:10.2174/1381612825666190116124233Ghadian A, Rezaei M.Combination therapy with omega-3 fatty acids plus tamsulocin and finasteride in the treatment of men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Inflammopharmacology. 2017;25(4):451-458. doi:10.1007/s10787-017-0343-2Radhi G, Hilal N, Abdul-Aziz M.Testosterone and serum zinc levels in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.Georgian Med News. 2023;(340-341):81-86.National Institutes of Health; Office of Dietary Supplements.Zinc: fact sheet for health professionals.Katz A, Efros M, Kaminetsky J, Herrlinger K, Chirouzes D, Ceddia M.A green and black tea extract benefits urological health in men with lower urinary tract symptoms.Ther Adv Urol. 2014;6(3):89-96. doi:10.1177/1756287214526924National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.Prostate enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia).Das K, Buchholz N.Benign prostate hyperplasia and nutrition.Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2019;33:5-11. doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.07.015McVary KT.Patient education: benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (beyond the basics). UpToDate.Russo GI, Broggi G, Cocci A, et al.Relationship between dietary patterns with benign prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction: a collaborative review.Nutrients. 2021;13(11):4148. doi:10.3390/nu13114148Capurso C, Vendemiale G.The Mediterranean diet reduces the risk and mortality of the prostate cancer: a narrative review.Front Nutr. 2017;4:38. doi:10.3389/fnut.2017.00038American Heart Association.What is the Mediterranean diet?Matsushita M, Fujita K, Nonomura N.Influence of diet and nutrition on prostate cancer.Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(4):1447. Published 2020 Feb 20. doi:10.3390/ijms21041447Cicero AFG, Allkanjari O, Busetto GM, et al.Nutraceutical treatment and prevention of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2019;91(3):10.4081/aiua.2019.3.139. doi:10.4081/aiua.2019.3.139Zuniga KB, Chan JM, Ryan CJ, Kenfield SA.Diet and lifestyle considerations for patients with prostate cancer.Urol Oncol. 2020;38(3):105-117. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.06.018Gu M, Liu C, Yang T, et al.High-fat diet induced gut microbiota alterations associating with ghrelin/jak2/stat3 up-regulation to promote benign prostatic hyperplasia development.Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:615928. doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.615928Shankar E, Bhaskaran N, MacLennan GT, Liu G, Daneshgari F, Gupta S.Inflammatory signaling involved in high-fat diet induced prostate diseases.J Urol Res. 2015;2(1):1018.Tantamango-Bartley Y, Knutsen SF, Knutsen R, et al.Are strict vegetarians protected against prostate cancer?.Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103(1):153-160. doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.106450Lloyd GL, Marks JM, Ricke WA.Benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms: what is the role and significance of inflammation?Curr Urol Rep. 2019;20(9):54. doi:10.1007/s11934-019-0917-1Tsigalou C, Konstantinidis T, Paraschaki A, et al.Mediterranean diet as a tool to combat inflammation and chronic diseases. an overview.Biomedicines. 2020;8(7):201. doi:10.3390/biomedicines8070201Aljada B, Zohni A, El-Matary W.The gluten-free diet for celiac disease and beyond.Nutrients. 2021;13(11):3993. doi:10.3390/nu13113993Harvard Health Publishing.What is the carnivore diet?

Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.

Chen P, Zhang W, Wang X, et al.Lycopene and risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine(Baltimore). 2015;94(33):e1260. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000001260MedlinePlus.Lycopene.da Silva VAP, Abboud RS, Contreiras EC, Boaventura GT, Chagas MA.Avocado oil (Persea americana) reduces epithelial proliferation on benign prostatic hyperplasia.J Am Nutr Assoc. 2023;42(8):783-789. doi:10.1080/27697061.2023.2179552Macoska JA.The use of beta-sitosterol for the treatment of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia.Am J Clin Exp Urol. 2023;11(6):467-480.National Institutes of Health; Office of Dietary Supplements.Vitamin C: fact sheet for health professionals.Kumar A, P N, Kumar M, et al.Major phytochemicals: recent advances in health benefits and extraction method.Molecules. 2023;28(2):887. doi:10.3390/molecules28020887Ferreira PMP, Rodrigues LARL, de Alencar Carnib LP, et al.Cruciferous vegetables as antioxidative, chemopreventive and antineoplasic functional foods: preclinical and clinical evidences of sulforaphane against prostate cancers.Curr Pharm Des. 2018;24(40):4779-4793. doi:10.2174/1381612825666190116124233Ghadian A, Rezaei M.Combination therapy with omega-3 fatty acids plus tamsulocin and finasteride in the treatment of men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Inflammopharmacology. 2017;25(4):451-458. doi:10.1007/s10787-017-0343-2Radhi G, Hilal N, Abdul-Aziz M.Testosterone and serum zinc levels in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.Georgian Med News. 2023;(340-341):81-86.National Institutes of Health; Office of Dietary Supplements.Zinc: fact sheet for health professionals.Katz A, Efros M, Kaminetsky J, Herrlinger K, Chirouzes D, Ceddia M.A green and black tea extract benefits urological health in men with lower urinary tract symptoms.Ther Adv Urol. 2014;6(3):89-96. doi:10.1177/1756287214526924National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.Prostate enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia).Das K, Buchholz N.Benign prostate hyperplasia and nutrition.Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2019;33:5-11. doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.07.015McVary KT.Patient education: benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (beyond the basics). UpToDate.Russo GI, Broggi G, Cocci A, et al.Relationship between dietary patterns with benign prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction: a collaborative review.Nutrients. 2021;13(11):4148. doi:10.3390/nu13114148Capurso C, Vendemiale G.The Mediterranean diet reduces the risk and mortality of the prostate cancer: a narrative review.Front Nutr. 2017;4:38. doi:10.3389/fnut.2017.00038American Heart Association.What is the Mediterranean diet?Matsushita M, Fujita K, Nonomura N.Influence of diet and nutrition on prostate cancer.Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(4):1447. Published 2020 Feb 20. doi:10.3390/ijms21041447Cicero AFG, Allkanjari O, Busetto GM, et al.Nutraceutical treatment and prevention of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2019;91(3):10.4081/aiua.2019.3.139. doi:10.4081/aiua.2019.3.139Zuniga KB, Chan JM, Ryan CJ, Kenfield SA.Diet and lifestyle considerations for patients with prostate cancer.Urol Oncol. 2020;38(3):105-117. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.06.018Gu M, Liu C, Yang T, et al.High-fat diet induced gut microbiota alterations associating with ghrelin/jak2/stat3 up-regulation to promote benign prostatic hyperplasia development.Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:615928. doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.615928Shankar E, Bhaskaran N, MacLennan GT, Liu G, Daneshgari F, Gupta S.Inflammatory signaling involved in high-fat diet induced prostate diseases.J Urol Res. 2015;2(1):1018.Tantamango-Bartley Y, Knutsen SF, Knutsen R, et al.Are strict vegetarians protected against prostate cancer?.Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103(1):153-160. doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.106450Lloyd GL, Marks JM, Ricke WA.Benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms: what is the role and significance of inflammation?Curr Urol Rep. 2019;20(9):54. doi:10.1007/s11934-019-0917-1Tsigalou C, Konstantinidis T, Paraschaki A, et al.Mediterranean diet as a tool to combat inflammation and chronic diseases. an overview.Biomedicines. 2020;8(7):201. doi:10.3390/biomedicines8070201Aljada B, Zohni A, El-Matary W.The gluten-free diet for celiac disease and beyond.Nutrients. 2021;13(11):3993. doi:10.3390/nu13113993Harvard Health Publishing.What is the carnivore diet?

Chen P, Zhang W, Wang X, et al.Lycopene and risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine(Baltimore). 2015;94(33):e1260. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000001260

MedlinePlus.Lycopene.

da Silva VAP, Abboud RS, Contreiras EC, Boaventura GT, Chagas MA.Avocado oil (Persea americana) reduces epithelial proliferation on benign prostatic hyperplasia.J Am Nutr Assoc. 2023;42(8):783-789. doi:10.1080/27697061.2023.2179552

Macoska JA.The use of beta-sitosterol for the treatment of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia.Am J Clin Exp Urol. 2023;11(6):467-480.

National Institutes of Health; Office of Dietary Supplements.Vitamin C: fact sheet for health professionals.

Kumar A, P N, Kumar M, et al.Major phytochemicals: recent advances in health benefits and extraction method.Molecules. 2023;28(2):887. doi:10.3390/molecules28020887

Ferreira PMP, Rodrigues LARL, de Alencar Carnib LP, et al.Cruciferous vegetables as antioxidative, chemopreventive and antineoplasic functional foods: preclinical and clinical evidences of sulforaphane against prostate cancers.Curr Pharm Des. 2018;24(40):4779-4793. doi:10.2174/1381612825666190116124233

Ghadian A, Rezaei M.Combination therapy with omega-3 fatty acids plus tamsulocin and finasteride in the treatment of men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Inflammopharmacology. 2017;25(4):451-458. doi:10.1007/s10787-017-0343-2

Radhi G, Hilal N, Abdul-Aziz M.Testosterone and serum zinc levels in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.Georgian Med News. 2023;(340-341):81-86.

National Institutes of Health; Office of Dietary Supplements.Zinc: fact sheet for health professionals.

Katz A, Efros M, Kaminetsky J, Herrlinger K, Chirouzes D, Ceddia M.A green and black tea extract benefits urological health in men with lower urinary tract symptoms.Ther Adv Urol. 2014;6(3):89-96. doi:10.1177/1756287214526924

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.Prostate enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia).

Das K, Buchholz N.Benign prostate hyperplasia and nutrition.Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2019;33:5-11. doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.07.015

McVary KT.Patient education: benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (beyond the basics). UpToDate.

Russo GI, Broggi G, Cocci A, et al.Relationship between dietary patterns with benign prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction: a collaborative review.Nutrients. 2021;13(11):4148. doi:10.3390/nu13114148

Capurso C, Vendemiale G.The Mediterranean diet reduces the risk and mortality of the prostate cancer: a narrative review.Front Nutr. 2017;4:38. doi:10.3389/fnut.2017.00038

American Heart Association.What is the Mediterranean diet?

Matsushita M, Fujita K, Nonomura N.Influence of diet and nutrition on prostate cancer.Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(4):1447. Published 2020 Feb 20. doi:10.3390/ijms21041447

Cicero AFG, Allkanjari O, Busetto GM, et al.Nutraceutical treatment and prevention of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2019;91(3):10.4081/aiua.2019.3.139. doi:10.4081/aiua.2019.3.139

Zuniga KB, Chan JM, Ryan CJ, Kenfield SA.Diet and lifestyle considerations for patients with prostate cancer.Urol Oncol. 2020;38(3):105-117. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.06.018

Gu M, Liu C, Yang T, et al.High-fat diet induced gut microbiota alterations associating with ghrelin/jak2/stat3 up-regulation to promote benign prostatic hyperplasia development.Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:615928. doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.615928

Shankar E, Bhaskaran N, MacLennan GT, Liu G, Daneshgari F, Gupta S.Inflammatory signaling involved in high-fat diet induced prostate diseases.J Urol Res. 2015;2(1):1018.

Tantamango-Bartley Y, Knutsen SF, Knutsen R, et al.Are strict vegetarians protected against prostate cancer?.Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103(1):153-160. doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.106450

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Harvard Health Publishing.What is the carnivore diet?

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