If you have suffered anAchilles tendon rupture, then you know how painful and debilitating the injury can be. An Achilles tear can prevent you from walking normally and can limit your normal work and recreational activity.You may benefit from physical therapy (PT) for an Achilles tendon rupture. The goals of PT after an Achilles tendon tear are to restore normalrange of motion (ROM)and strength to your foot and ankle and to improve your overall pain-free functional mobility.Your therapist may usevarious modalities and exercisesto help achieve those goals.While treatments likeheat, ice, or massage may feel good, exercises should be the main focus of your Achilles tendon rehab. Why?Exercise gets things moving, and if done properly, they can safely get you back to your normal mobility and activity. Plus, exercise puts you in control and can have the long-term benefit of preventing future problems with your Achilles tendon.So what does a PT exercise program for an Achilles tendon rupture look like? The basic components include gradually improving ROM in your foot and ankle, and then progressing strength and functional mobility until you are fully healed.Keep in mind that a sample exercise program may not be appropriate for your specific condition, so check in with your healthcare provider before starting any exercise program for an Achilles tendon tear.When to Start ExerciseOne question that many patients have is: when is it safe to start exercising after an Achilles tendon rupture? Starting too early may increase your risk of re-injury, and waiting too long to get moving may make gaining ROM and strength difficult.In general, you can expect to be immobilized initially after your Achilles tendon tear. Depending on the severity of your injury, you may be required to wear a CAM boot or removable cast for four to six weeks.During that time, you may take the boot off to start some of your Achilles rehab exercises. In general, physical therapy is started about four weeks after injury.Stop any exercise that causes pain or swelling around your Achilles tendon. This may be a sign of overdoing it, and you may need to rest a bit before continuing.
If you have suffered anAchilles tendon rupture, then you know how painful and debilitating the injury can be. An Achilles tear can prevent you from walking normally and can limit your normal work and recreational activity.
You may benefit from physical therapy (PT) for an Achilles tendon rupture. The goals of PT after an Achilles tendon tear are to restore normalrange of motion (ROM)and strength to your foot and ankle and to improve your overall pain-free functional mobility.
Your therapist may usevarious modalities and exercisesto help achieve those goals.While treatments likeheat, ice, or massage may feel good, exercises should be the main focus of your Achilles tendon rehab. Why?
Exercise gets things moving, and if done properly, they can safely get you back to your normal mobility and activity. Plus, exercise puts you in control and can have the long-term benefit of preventing future problems with your Achilles tendon.
So what does a PT exercise program for an Achilles tendon rupture look like? The basic components include gradually improving ROM in your foot and ankle, and then progressing strength and functional mobility until you are fully healed.
Keep in mind that a sample exercise program may not be appropriate for your specific condition, so check in with your healthcare provider before starting any exercise program for an Achilles tendon tear.
When to Start Exercise
One question that many patients have is: when is it safe to start exercising after an Achilles tendon rupture? Starting too early may increase your risk of re-injury, and waiting too long to get moving may make gaining ROM and strength difficult.
In general, you can expect to be immobilized initially after your Achilles tendon tear. Depending on the severity of your injury, you may be required to wear a CAM boot or removable cast for four to six weeks.
During that time, you may take the boot off to start some of your Achilles rehab exercises. In general, physical therapy is started about four weeks after injury.
Stop any exercise that causes pain or swelling around your Achilles tendon. This may be a sign of overdoing it, and you may need to rest a bit before continuing.
1Range of Motion ExercisesJan-Otto / Getty ImagesExercises for an Achilles rupture usually starts with gentle range of motion exercises. These progress from ankles passive ROM to active ROM exercises. Exercises may include:Passive ankle ROM in all directionsAnkle pumpsAnkle active ROM in all directionsAnkle alphabetMotions should be done in a slow and controlled way. It should take you about three seconds to perform each motion, and you can do the exercises for 15 repetitions up to three times a day.Ankle Strengthening Exercises for Ankle Injuries
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Range of Motion ExercisesJan-Otto / Getty ImagesExercises for an Achilles rupture usually starts with gentle range of motion exercises. These progress from ankles passive ROM to active ROM exercises. Exercises may include:Passive ankle ROM in all directionsAnkle pumpsAnkle active ROM in all directionsAnkle alphabetMotions should be done in a slow and controlled way. It should take you about three seconds to perform each motion, and you can do the exercises for 15 repetitions up to three times a day.Ankle Strengthening Exercises for Ankle Injuries
Range of Motion Exercises
Jan-Otto / Getty Images
Exercises for an Achilles rupture usually starts with gentle range of motion exercises. These progress from ankles passive ROM to active ROM exercises. Exercises may include:
Motions should be done in a slow and controlled way. It should take you about three seconds to perform each motion, and you can do the exercises for 15 repetitions up to three times a day.
Ankle Strengthening Exercises for Ankle Injuries
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Flexibility Exercises
Verywell / Ben Goldstein
When you suffer an Achilles tear, scar tissue will form around the tendon as it is healing. This, coupled with a period of immobilization, can make the tendon (and surrounding muscles) feel tight.
Flexibility exercises for your ankle and lower extremity can help stretch these tight muscles out and get things moving better. Gently pulling on the scar tissue that has formed along your injured Achilles can also help remodel that tissue and get it functioning normally.
Don’t Start Too Soon!Rehabilitation exercises should be delayed forat least8 weeks after surgery to provide the tendon time to rebuild its collagen matrix.Some experts recommend waiting 12 weeks before starting dorsiflexion exercises (in which the toes are pulled towards the knee).Starting prematurely—without your surgeon’s guidance and approval—can lead to the permanent elongation and loss of function of the Achilles tendon.
Don’t Start Too Soon!
Rehabilitation exercises should be delayed forat least8 weeks after surgery to provide the tendon time to rebuild its collagen matrix.Some experts recommend waiting 12 weeks before starting dorsiflexion exercises (in which the toes are pulled towards the knee).Starting prematurely—without your surgeon’s guidance and approval—can lead to the permanent elongation and loss of function of the Achilles tendon.
Rehabilitation exercises should be delayed forat least8 weeks after surgery to provide the tendon time to rebuild its collagen matrix.Some experts recommend waiting 12 weeks before starting dorsiflexion exercises (in which the toes are pulled towards the knee).
Starting prematurely—without your surgeon’s guidance and approval—can lead to the permanent elongation and loss of function of the Achilles tendon.
Exercises to do to improve flexibility after an Achilles rupture may include:
Your physical therapist may also perform manual stretching for the muscles surrounding your ankle.
Each stretch should be held for 30 to 60 seconds, and five to 10 sets can be performed.
3Progressive Ankle StrengtheningVerywell / Ben GoldsteinOnce you have regained some ROM around your ankle, it may be time to improve the strength of the muscles there as well. By placing progressive stress through your Achilles with strengthening exercises, you may be able to bolster the tendon (and surrounding muscles) to improve your overall function.Strengthening can also help reduce the risk of future injuries to your Achilles tendon. Exercises to strengthen your ankle and Achilles tendon may include:Ankle exercises with a resistance bandManual resistance exercisesCalf raisesShort arc quad setsand straight leg raises (for your hip, quadriceps, and hamstring muscles)Exercises can be done for 10 to 15 repetitions, and two to three sets may be done to fully challenge the muscles around your leg.An advanced exercise to try once your Achilles tendon has sufficiently healed is theAlfredson Protocol. This program of eccentric strengthening of the gastroc and soleus muscles on a step has been shown to decrease the risk of future Achilles tendon problems.
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Progressive Ankle StrengtheningVerywell / Ben GoldsteinOnce you have regained some ROM around your ankle, it may be time to improve the strength of the muscles there as well. By placing progressive stress through your Achilles with strengthening exercises, you may be able to bolster the tendon (and surrounding muscles) to improve your overall function.Strengthening can also help reduce the risk of future injuries to your Achilles tendon. Exercises to strengthen your ankle and Achilles tendon may include:Ankle exercises with a resistance bandManual resistance exercisesCalf raisesShort arc quad setsand straight leg raises (for your hip, quadriceps, and hamstring muscles)Exercises can be done for 10 to 15 repetitions, and two to three sets may be done to fully challenge the muscles around your leg.An advanced exercise to try once your Achilles tendon has sufficiently healed is theAlfredson Protocol. This program of eccentric strengthening of the gastroc and soleus muscles on a step has been shown to decrease the risk of future Achilles tendon problems.
Progressive Ankle Strengthening
Once you have regained some ROM around your ankle, it may be time to improve the strength of the muscles there as well. By placing progressive stress through your Achilles with strengthening exercises, you may be able to bolster the tendon (and surrounding muscles) to improve your overall function.
Strengthening can also help reduce the risk of future injuries to your Achilles tendon. Exercises to strengthen your ankle and Achilles tendon may include:
Exercises can be done for 10 to 15 repetitions, and two to three sets may be done to fully challenge the muscles around your leg.
An advanced exercise to try once your Achilles tendon has sufficiently healed is theAlfredson Protocol. This program of eccentric strengthening of the gastroc and soleus muscles on a step has been shown to decrease the risk of future Achilles tendon problems.
4Balance and ProprioceptionRich Legg / E+ / Getty ImagesAfter an Achilles tendon tear, your balance and proprioception may become impaired.This can occur as a result of the injury or due to the period of immobilization while your tendon was healing. Your physical therapist may have you work on specific exercises to improve your balance.Exercises that can be done to improve balance and proprioception after an Achilles tendon rupture may include:Single leg stance(with eyes open and eyes closed)Wobble board standingUsing aBAPS boardStanding on foamUsing a BOSU balance trainer to challenge balanceWorking on balance requires you to find exercises and situations that challenge your balance. This may increase your risk of falling down, so make sure you remain safe while performing balance and proprioception exercises for your Achilles tendon rehab.
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Balance and ProprioceptionRich Legg / E+ / Getty ImagesAfter an Achilles tendon tear, your balance and proprioception may become impaired.This can occur as a result of the injury or due to the period of immobilization while your tendon was healing. Your physical therapist may have you work on specific exercises to improve your balance.Exercises that can be done to improve balance and proprioception after an Achilles tendon rupture may include:Single leg stance(with eyes open and eyes closed)Wobble board standingUsing aBAPS boardStanding on foamUsing a BOSU balance trainer to challenge balanceWorking on balance requires you to find exercises and situations that challenge your balance. This may increase your risk of falling down, so make sure you remain safe while performing balance and proprioception exercises for your Achilles tendon rehab.
Balance and Proprioception
Rich Legg / E+ / Getty Images
After an Achilles tendon tear, your balance and proprioception may become impaired.This can occur as a result of the injury or due to the period of immobilization while your tendon was healing. Your physical therapist may have you work on specific exercises to improve your balance.
Exercises that can be done to improve balance and proprioception after an Achilles tendon rupture may include:
Working on balance requires you to find exercises and situations that challenge your balance. This may increase your risk of falling down, so make sure you remain safe while performing balance and proprioception exercises for your Achilles tendon rehab.
5PlyometricsR_Tee / Getty ImagesIf you are looking to return to high-level sports and recreational activities, your physical therapist may have you work on plyometrics as part of your Achilles tendon tear rehab program. Plyometrics are specific exercises that require you to quickly jump and land in specific—and safe—ways.Plyometric exercises may include:Hopping in placeHopping over lines, first with two feet, and then with only your affected foot. Hopping can be done forward and backward and side to side.Single leg jumpingBox jumpingShuttle runsSingle leg hopin straight lines and diagonalsYou must remain safe while performing plyometric exercises. Jump and land properlywith your feet shoulder-width apart and do not allow your knees to buckle inwards or outwards while performing the exercises.These are advanced exercises, and if your Achilles tendon is not fully healed or ready for this kind of stress, you may risk getting re-injured.It’s a good idea to visit your physical therapist to ensure you do the right exercises for your specific situation.
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PlyometricsR_Tee / Getty ImagesIf you are looking to return to high-level sports and recreational activities, your physical therapist may have you work on plyometrics as part of your Achilles tendon tear rehab program. Plyometrics are specific exercises that require you to quickly jump and land in specific—and safe—ways.Plyometric exercises may include:Hopping in placeHopping over lines, first with two feet, and then with only your affected foot. Hopping can be done forward and backward and side to side.Single leg jumpingBox jumpingShuttle runsSingle leg hopin straight lines and diagonalsYou must remain safe while performing plyometric exercises. Jump and land properlywith your feet shoulder-width apart and do not allow your knees to buckle inwards or outwards while performing the exercises.These are advanced exercises, and if your Achilles tendon is not fully healed or ready for this kind of stress, you may risk getting re-injured.It’s a good idea to visit your physical therapist to ensure you do the right exercises for your specific situation.
Plyometrics
R_Tee / Getty Images
If you are looking to return to high-level sports and recreational activities, your physical therapist may have you work on plyometrics as part of your Achilles tendon tear rehab program. Plyometrics are specific exercises that require you to quickly jump and land in specific—and safe—ways.
Plyometric exercises may include:
You must remain safe while performing plyometric exercises. Jump and land properlywith your feet shoulder-width apart and do not allow your knees to buckle inwards or outwards while performing the exercises.
These are advanced exercises, and if your Achilles tendon is not fully healed or ready for this kind of stress, you may risk getting re-injured.
It’s a good idea to visit your physical therapist to ensure you do the right exercises for your specific situation.
6Aerobic ConditioningStewart Cohen / DigitalVision / Getty ImagesWhen you injure your Achilles tendon, you will likely face a period of a few weeks being immobile. This can have a detrimental effect on your aerobic capacity. Your physical therapist may have you work on aerobic conditioning to counteract this deleterious effect.Exercises that you may do to help improve aerobic capacity range from non-weight bearing with minimal or no impact to full weight bearing with some impact. A complete aerobic exercise progression may include:BikingUpper body ergometerElliptical and ARC trainerTreadmill walking and runningTo get maximal impact from aerobic exercise, you should try to exercise approximately 30 minutes each session at least five days per week. Your physical therapist can tell you which exercises are best for you to be doing in the continuum of your healing process.As your Achilles rehab program progresses, you may notice your ROM and strength improving, and you should also enjoy improved functional mobility.Walking and stair climbing should get easier, and when you are ready, you should be able to get back to pain-free running. Keep in mind that everyone’s Achilles injury and healing time are different.In general, you can expect to be back to normal about eight to 12 weeks after injury.A Word From VerywellAn Achilles tendon tear or rupture can be a difficult injury to come back from. Working with a physical therapist is a good idea to help you get back to normal. Your therapist can show you which exercises to do—and when to do them—to fully recover. By doing the right exercises for your condition, you can quickly and safely get back to your normal lifestyle.
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Aerobic ConditioningStewart Cohen / DigitalVision / Getty ImagesWhen you injure your Achilles tendon, you will likely face a period of a few weeks being immobile. This can have a detrimental effect on your aerobic capacity. Your physical therapist may have you work on aerobic conditioning to counteract this deleterious effect.Exercises that you may do to help improve aerobic capacity range from non-weight bearing with minimal or no impact to full weight bearing with some impact. A complete aerobic exercise progression may include:BikingUpper body ergometerElliptical and ARC trainerTreadmill walking and runningTo get maximal impact from aerobic exercise, you should try to exercise approximately 30 minutes each session at least five days per week. Your physical therapist can tell you which exercises are best for you to be doing in the continuum of your healing process.As your Achilles rehab program progresses, you may notice your ROM and strength improving, and you should also enjoy improved functional mobility.Walking and stair climbing should get easier, and when you are ready, you should be able to get back to pain-free running. Keep in mind that everyone’s Achilles injury and healing time are different.In general, you can expect to be back to normal about eight to 12 weeks after injury.A Word From VerywellAn Achilles tendon tear or rupture can be a difficult injury to come back from. Working with a physical therapist is a good idea to help you get back to normal. Your therapist can show you which exercises to do—and when to do them—to fully recover. By doing the right exercises for your condition, you can quickly and safely get back to your normal lifestyle.
Aerobic Conditioning
Stewart Cohen / DigitalVision / Getty Images
When you injure your Achilles tendon, you will likely face a period of a few weeks being immobile. This can have a detrimental effect on your aerobic capacity. Your physical therapist may have you work on aerobic conditioning to counteract this deleterious effect.
Exercises that you may do to help improve aerobic capacity range from non-weight bearing with minimal or no impact to full weight bearing with some impact. A complete aerobic exercise progression may include:
To get maximal impact from aerobic exercise, you should try to exercise approximately 30 minutes each session at least five days per week. Your physical therapist can tell you which exercises are best for you to be doing in the continuum of your healing process.
As your Achilles rehab program progresses, you may notice your ROM and strength improving, and you should also enjoy improved functional mobility.
Walking and stair climbing should get easier, and when you are ready, you should be able to get back to pain-free running. Keep in mind that everyone’s Achilles injury and healing time are different.
In general, you can expect to be back to normal about eight to 12 weeks after injury.
A Word From Verywell
An Achilles tendon tear or rupture can be a difficult injury to come back from. Working with a physical therapist is a good idea to help you get back to normal. Your therapist can show you which exercises to do—and when to do them—to fully recover. By doing the right exercises for your condition, you can quickly and safely get back to your normal lifestyle.
Frequently Asked Questions
The Alfredson protocol is an exercise program created for people withAchilles tendonitisortendinopathy. One study concluded that when performed properly and consistently, this program can help repair and strengthen the Achilles tendon.
To prevent anAchilles tear, it’s important to keep an eye out for early warning signs. If the Achilles tendon is sore or aches, be sure to rest it immediately. Slow, basic stretching before exercise will also help prevent an Achilles tear. Try acalf stretchor aplantar fascia stretch. Additionally, you should always wear shoes with good arch support and cushioning for the heel. If possible, try to avoid running on hard surfaces or exercising outside in cold weather.
7 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Tarantino D, Palermi S, Sirico F, Corrado B.Achilles tendon rupture: mechanisms of injury, principles of rehabilitation and return to play.JFMK. 2020;5(4):95. doi:10.3390/jfmk5040095Habets B, Van cingel RE.Eccentric exercise training in chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review on different protocols.Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25(1):3-15. doi:10.1111/sms.12208Zellers JA, Cortes DH, Silbernagel KG.From Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture to Return to Play - A Case Report Evaluating Recovery of Tendon Structure, Mechanical Properties, Clinical and Functional Outcomes.Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2016;11(7):1150-1159.Park SH, Lee HS, Young KW, Seo SG.Treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture.Clin Orthop Surg.2020 Mar;12(1):1–8. doi:10.4055/cios.2020.12.1.1Maffulli N, Via AG, Oliva F.Chronic achilles tendon disorders: tendinopathy and chronic rupture.Clin Sports Med. 2015;34(4):607-24. doi:10.1016/j.csm.2015.06.010Stevens M, Tan CW.Effectiveness of the Alfredson protocol compared with a lower repetition-volume protocol for midportion Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled trial.J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014;44(2):59-67. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4720Houghton LA, Dawson BT, Rubenson J.Effects of plyometric training on achilles tendon properties and shuttle running during a simulated cricket batting innings.J Strength Cond Res.2013;27(4):1036-1046. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182651e7aAdditional ReadingHabets B, Cingel REH. Eccentric exercise training in chronic mid‐portion Achilles tendinopathy: A systematic review on different protocols.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports.2015;25(1):3-15. doi:10.1111/sms.12208Maffulli N, Via AG, Oliva F. Chronic Achilles tendon disorders: tendinopathy and chronic rupture.Clinics in sports medicine.2015;34(4):607-24. doi:10.1016/j.csm.2015.06.010
7 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Tarantino D, Palermi S, Sirico F, Corrado B.Achilles tendon rupture: mechanisms of injury, principles of rehabilitation and return to play.JFMK. 2020;5(4):95. doi:10.3390/jfmk5040095Habets B, Van cingel RE.Eccentric exercise training in chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review on different protocols.Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25(1):3-15. doi:10.1111/sms.12208Zellers JA, Cortes DH, Silbernagel KG.From Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture to Return to Play - A Case Report Evaluating Recovery of Tendon Structure, Mechanical Properties, Clinical and Functional Outcomes.Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2016;11(7):1150-1159.Park SH, Lee HS, Young KW, Seo SG.Treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture.Clin Orthop Surg.2020 Mar;12(1):1–8. doi:10.4055/cios.2020.12.1.1Maffulli N, Via AG, Oliva F.Chronic achilles tendon disorders: tendinopathy and chronic rupture.Clin Sports Med. 2015;34(4):607-24. doi:10.1016/j.csm.2015.06.010Stevens M, Tan CW.Effectiveness of the Alfredson protocol compared with a lower repetition-volume protocol for midportion Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled trial.J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014;44(2):59-67. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4720Houghton LA, Dawson BT, Rubenson J.Effects of plyometric training on achilles tendon properties and shuttle running during a simulated cricket batting innings.J Strength Cond Res.2013;27(4):1036-1046. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182651e7aAdditional ReadingHabets B, Cingel REH. Eccentric exercise training in chronic mid‐portion Achilles tendinopathy: A systematic review on different protocols.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports.2015;25(1):3-15. doi:10.1111/sms.12208Maffulli N, Via AG, Oliva F. Chronic Achilles tendon disorders: tendinopathy and chronic rupture.Clinics in sports medicine.2015;34(4):607-24. doi:10.1016/j.csm.2015.06.010
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Tarantino D, Palermi S, Sirico F, Corrado B.Achilles tendon rupture: mechanisms of injury, principles of rehabilitation and return to play.JFMK. 2020;5(4):95. doi:10.3390/jfmk5040095Habets B, Van cingel RE.Eccentric exercise training in chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review on different protocols.Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25(1):3-15. doi:10.1111/sms.12208Zellers JA, Cortes DH, Silbernagel KG.From Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture to Return to Play - A Case Report Evaluating Recovery of Tendon Structure, Mechanical Properties, Clinical and Functional Outcomes.Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2016;11(7):1150-1159.Park SH, Lee HS, Young KW, Seo SG.Treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture.Clin Orthop Surg.2020 Mar;12(1):1–8. doi:10.4055/cios.2020.12.1.1Maffulli N, Via AG, Oliva F.Chronic achilles tendon disorders: tendinopathy and chronic rupture.Clin Sports Med. 2015;34(4):607-24. doi:10.1016/j.csm.2015.06.010Stevens M, Tan CW.Effectiveness of the Alfredson protocol compared with a lower repetition-volume protocol for midportion Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled trial.J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014;44(2):59-67. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4720Houghton LA, Dawson BT, Rubenson J.Effects of plyometric training on achilles tendon properties and shuttle running during a simulated cricket batting innings.J Strength Cond Res.2013;27(4):1036-1046. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182651e7a
Tarantino D, Palermi S, Sirico F, Corrado B.Achilles tendon rupture: mechanisms of injury, principles of rehabilitation and return to play.JFMK. 2020;5(4):95. doi:10.3390/jfmk5040095
Habets B, Van cingel RE.Eccentric exercise training in chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review on different protocols.Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25(1):3-15. doi:10.1111/sms.12208
Zellers JA, Cortes DH, Silbernagel KG.From Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture to Return to Play - A Case Report Evaluating Recovery of Tendon Structure, Mechanical Properties, Clinical and Functional Outcomes.Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2016;11(7):1150-1159.
Park SH, Lee HS, Young KW, Seo SG.Treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture.Clin Orthop Surg.2020 Mar;12(1):1–8. doi:10.4055/cios.2020.12.1.1
Maffulli N, Via AG, Oliva F.Chronic achilles tendon disorders: tendinopathy and chronic rupture.Clin Sports Med. 2015;34(4):607-24. doi:10.1016/j.csm.2015.06.010
Stevens M, Tan CW.Effectiveness of the Alfredson protocol compared with a lower repetition-volume protocol for midportion Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled trial.J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014;44(2):59-67. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4720
Houghton LA, Dawson BT, Rubenson J.Effects of plyometric training on achilles tendon properties and shuttle running during a simulated cricket batting innings.J Strength Cond Res.2013;27(4):1036-1046. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182651e7a
Habets B, Cingel REH. Eccentric exercise training in chronic mid‐portion Achilles tendinopathy: A systematic review on different protocols.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports.2015;25(1):3-15. doi:10.1111/sms.12208Maffulli N, Via AG, Oliva F. Chronic Achilles tendon disorders: tendinopathy and chronic rupture.Clinics in sports medicine.2015;34(4):607-24. doi:10.1016/j.csm.2015.06.010
Habets B, Cingel REH. Eccentric exercise training in chronic mid‐portion Achilles tendinopathy: A systematic review on different protocols.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports.2015;25(1):3-15. doi:10.1111/sms.12208
Maffulli N, Via AG, Oliva F. Chronic Achilles tendon disorders: tendinopathy and chronic rupture.Clinics in sports medicine.2015;34(4):607-24. doi:10.1016/j.csm.2015.06.010
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