Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsHow Foods Affect ADHDTypes of DietsManaging Food Issues
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
How Foods Affect ADHD
Types of Diets
Managing Food Issues
This article will discuss how best to manage your eating habits if you have ADHD. Learn more about ways to address nutritional deficiencies and food sensitivities that can affect ADHD symptoms, and how to eat for health overall.
Evidence is weak to support a direct link between diet and the increase or decrease in ADHD symptoms.Buthealthy eating habitscan improve overall health and reduce the likelihood of deficiencies, which in turn can help with ADHD.
Verywell / Zoe Hansen
Eating a diet high in fruits and vegetables, fresh foods, and a variety of healthy options but low in processed foods, sugar, and salt, is important for everyone, whether they have ADHD or not.A balance between carbohydrates, protein, and fat is also necessary for optimal nutrition.
For most people with ADHD, eating healthy looks the same as it does for anyone else. However, people with ADHD who have deficiencies or sensitivities, eating patterns might look a little different.
ADHD and Nutritional Deficiencies
Some research has found higher incidences of nutritional deficiencies in people with ADHD, particularly of:
These deficiencies may result in symptoms that are similar to or heighten the symptoms of ADHD.
That said, there are foods you can eat that are high in the vitamins and minerals that are often found in low levels in people with ADHD.
Good sources of ironinclude:
Good sources of magnesium include:
These are food sources of zinc:
Beans, nuts, whole grains, and dairy products also provide some zinc.
Good sources of omega-3 fatty acids include:
If you suspect you or your child may have a deficiency that requires a more specific diet plan or, possibly, supplements, check with your healthcare professional before making significant changes or starting supplements.
Supplements such as magnesium, zinc, and iron, can cause side effects, some of which can be severe in high doses.Iron, in particular, can be dangerous and even fatal to children if too much is ingested.
ADHD and Food Sensitivities
Some research suggests that food allergies, which cause an immune system response, and sensitivities or intolerances, which are unpleasant but not an immune response, are associated with increased ADHD symptoms.
Some foods have been studied as possible sources of these sensitivities:
While tests can be conducted to determine allergies, sensitivities and intolerances are harder to predict.
Are Certain Foods Bad for People With ADHD?Specific foods are not considered “bad” on their own, even for people with ADHD. If someone has an intolerance or allergy to a food, they should avoid that food, even if they don’t have ADHD.Evidence is inconclusive about whether eliminating any single food relieves ADHD symptoms. When elimination of a food is suggested, it tends to be indicated for people who are sensitive to it, not for people with ADHD in general.
Are Certain Foods Bad for People With ADHD?
Specific foods are not considered “bad” on their own, even for people with ADHD. If someone has an intolerance or allergy to a food, they should avoid that food, even if they don’t have ADHD.Evidence is inconclusive about whether eliminating any single food relieves ADHD symptoms. When elimination of a food is suggested, it tends to be indicated for people who are sensitive to it, not for people with ADHD in general.
Specific foods are not considered “bad” on their own, even for people with ADHD. If someone has an intolerance or allergy to a food, they should avoid that food, even if they don’t have ADHD.
Evidence is inconclusive about whether eliminating any single food relieves ADHD symptoms. When elimination of a food is suggested, it tends to be indicated for people who are sensitive to it, not for people with ADHD in general.
ADHD and Sugar
Although it’s been established that sugar does not cause ADHD, it’s still unclear whether sugar consumption can influence ADHD symptoms. Some studies suggest that refined sugar may worsen ADHD symptoms in some people, whereas other studies have found no such link.
In general, sugary foods can cause a rapid rise in blood sugars. This can influence your mood and your ability to focus and concentrate, and it can cause energy highs and lows.Regularly eating sugary foods can also cause you to eat less of the foods your body needs to be healthy.
So, while sugar does not cause ADHD, it can still affect your overall health and possibly influence some ADHD symptoms. That said, sugary foods are best enjoyed in moderation.
ADHD and Caffeine
That said, it’s also important to note that consumingcaffeine in combination with ADHD medications(like Adderall or Ritalin) may increase your risk of having more serious adverse effects.
Food Dye and ADHDSome research suggests that artificial food dyes may cause behavioral changes in children with or without ADHD, but these studies often contain flaws and are not conclusive.In 2011, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concluded that color additives did not cause hyperactivity in children in the general population but may (along with other substances in food) heighten symptoms in certain susceptible children with ADHD.More research is needed into the potential relationship between artificial food dyes and ADHD symptoms. If you notice that certain food dyes or additives negatively affect you or your child, a single-food elimination diet may give you some insight.
Food Dye and ADHD
Some research suggests that artificial food dyes may cause behavioral changes in children with or without ADHD, but these studies often contain flaws and are not conclusive.In 2011, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concluded that color additives did not cause hyperactivity in children in the general population but may (along with other substances in food) heighten symptoms in certain susceptible children with ADHD.More research is needed into the potential relationship between artificial food dyes and ADHD symptoms. If you notice that certain food dyes or additives negatively affect you or your child, a single-food elimination diet may give you some insight.
Some research suggests that artificial food dyes may cause behavioral changes in children with or without ADHD, but these studies often contain flaws and are not conclusive.
In 2011, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concluded that color additives did not cause hyperactivity in children in the general population but may (along with other substances in food) heighten symptoms in certain susceptible children with ADHD.
More research is needed into the potential relationship between artificial food dyes and ADHD symptoms. If you notice that certain food dyes or additives negatively affect you or your child, a single-food elimination diet may give you some insight.
Types of Diets for ADHD
Elimination Diet
An elimination diet involves removing foods suspected of causing an intolerance. The following are two approaches:
All elimination diets use a two-step process, such as:
The length of time this takes depends on how many foods were eliminated and need to be reintroduced. A single-food elimination will take much less time than the few-foods diet, in which many foods need to be slowly reintroduced.
Some studies suggest that strict elimination diets such as the few-foods diet are promising for treating ADHD symptoms, particularly for those who have not seen results with medication or cannot take these drugs.Other studies question the efficacy, safety, and practicality of strict elimination diets for children.
Before starting even a minor elimination diet, consult with your healthcare professional to make sure it is safe and recommended to do so. More restrictive elimination diets should be done in cooperation with a nutrition expert, such as a dietitian, to monitor health and safety.
Few Foods Diet
The few-foods diet (oligoantigenicdiet) restricts a person’s diet to only a few uncommonly consumed foods (such as lamb, venison, quinoa, rice, pear, and others with low allergenic potential). Other foods are then slowly reintroduced over time.
Feingold Diet
The Feingold Diet focuses on eliminating certain chemicals and artificial additives that are thought to cause adverse reactions. These include:
This diet may also exclude foods and non-foods that contain salicylates.
Keep a DiaryIf you suspect you may have a food allergy or intolerance, keeping a food diary can help you look for patterns between symptoms and foods. While this won’t give conclusive results, it may provide an easy place to start.
Keep a Diary
If you suspect you may have a food allergy or intolerance, keeping a food diary can help you look for patterns between symptoms and foods. While this won’t give conclusive results, it may provide an easy place to start.
Managing Food Issues with ADHD
ADHD can affect a person’s ability to make and maintain healthy dietary habits. People with ADHD can have trouble with the steps involved in making a healthy meal at home, including:
This can lead to eating convenience meals (such as premade and processed foods) or eating out more often.
ADHD medications can also affect diet. Stimulant medications can reduce appetite.When taking these medications in the morning, a person may not be hungry for lunch and may skip eating.
These general tips can help people with ADHD get the most out of meals:
Summary
No foods cause ADHD, and no foods will cure it. Still, nutrition is important for people with ADHD. As in people without ADHD, a person with ADHD may have nutritional deficiencies and food sensitivities that might contribute to ADHD symptoms. Also, ADHD may contribute to unhealthy eating patterns.
Always consult with your healthcare professional to correctly identify nutritional deficiencies, food allergies, and food sensitivities. They can advise you on better dietary patterns and whether supplements are needed. An elimination diet might be one test given to identify sensitivities.
24 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Del-Ponte B, Quinte GC, Cruz S, Grellert M, Santos IS.Dietary patterns and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Adhd): A systematic review and meta-analysis.J Affect Disord. 2019;252:160-173. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.061Cagigal C, Silva T, Jesus M, Silva C.Does diet affect the symptoms of ADHD?Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2019;20(2):130-136. doi:10.2174/1389201019666180925140733Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD).Nutrition and ADHD.Bener A, Kamal M, Bener H, Bhugra D.Higher prevalence of iron deficiency as strong predictor of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014;4(Suppl 3):S291-S297. doi:10.4103/2141-9248.141974Elbaz F, Zahra S, Hanafy H.Magnesium, zinc and copper estimation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics. 2017;18(2):153-163. doi:10.1016/j.ejmhg.2016.04.009Lange KW.Micronutrients and diets in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Chances and pitfalls.Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:102. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00102Landaas ET, Aarsland TIM, Ulvik A, Halmøy A, Ueland PM, Haavik J.Vitamin levels in adults with ADHD.BJPsych Open. 2016;2(6):377-384. doi:10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.003491Office of Dietary Supplements.Iron.Office of Dietary Supplement.Magnesium.Office of Dietary Supplements.Zinc.National Center For Complementary and Integrative Health.Omega-3 supplements: in depth.Office of Dietary Supplements.Iron.Abd El Baaki OM, Abd El Hamid ER, Zaki ST, Alwakkad ASED, Sabry RN, Elsheikh EM.Diet modification impact on ADHD outcome.Bull Natl Res Cent. 2021;45(1):15. doi:10.1186/s42269-020-00466-xHuberts-Bosch A, Bierens M, Ly V, et al.Short-term effects of an elimination diet and healthy diet in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized-controlled trial.Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. Published online July 11, 2023. doi:10.1007/s00787-023-02256-yPinto S, Correia-de-Sá T, Sampaio-Maia B, Vasconcelos C, Moreira P, Ferreira-Gomes J.Eating patterns and dietary interventions in ADHD: A narrative review.Nutrients. 2022;14(20):4332. doi:10.3390/nu14204332MedlinePlus.Hyperactivity and sugar.Attention Deficit Disorder Association.Health and nutrition.Llewellyn GC, Penberthy JK, Parker JM.Food color additives in the US food supply: Review of neurobehavioral safety.J Pediatr Neurol Neurosci. 2020;4(1). doi:10.36959/595/409Background Document for the Food Advisory Committee.Certified color additives in food and possible association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.Nigg JT, Holton K.Restriction and elimination diets in ADHD treatment.Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2014;23(4):937-953. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2014.05.010Kotchetkoff EC de A, de Oliveira LCL, Sarni ROS.Elimination diet in food allergy: Friend or foe?Jornal de Pediatria. Published online October 2023:S0021755723001304. doi:10.1016/j.jped.2023.09.012Pelsser L, Frankena K, Toorman J, Rodrigues Pereira R.Retrospective outcome monitoring of ADHD and nutrition (Roman): the effectiveness of the few-foods diet in general practice.Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:96. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00096Feingold Association of the United States.What is the Feingold Diet?Briars L, Todd T.A review of pharmacological management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2016;21(3):192-206. doi:10.5863/1551-6776-21.3.192Additional ReadingPelsser LM, Frankena K, Toorman J, Pereira RR.Diet and ADHD, reviewing the evidence: a systematic review of meta-analyses of double-blind placebo-controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of diet interventions on the behavior of children with ADHD.PLOS ONE. 2017;12(1):e0169277. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169277
24 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Del-Ponte B, Quinte GC, Cruz S, Grellert M, Santos IS.Dietary patterns and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Adhd): A systematic review and meta-analysis.J Affect Disord. 2019;252:160-173. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.061Cagigal C, Silva T, Jesus M, Silva C.Does diet affect the symptoms of ADHD?Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2019;20(2):130-136. doi:10.2174/1389201019666180925140733Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD).Nutrition and ADHD.Bener A, Kamal M, Bener H, Bhugra D.Higher prevalence of iron deficiency as strong predictor of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014;4(Suppl 3):S291-S297. doi:10.4103/2141-9248.141974Elbaz F, Zahra S, Hanafy H.Magnesium, zinc and copper estimation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics. 2017;18(2):153-163. doi:10.1016/j.ejmhg.2016.04.009Lange KW.Micronutrients and diets in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Chances and pitfalls.Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:102. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00102Landaas ET, Aarsland TIM, Ulvik A, Halmøy A, Ueland PM, Haavik J.Vitamin levels in adults with ADHD.BJPsych Open. 2016;2(6):377-384. doi:10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.003491Office of Dietary Supplements.Iron.Office of Dietary Supplement.Magnesium.Office of Dietary Supplements.Zinc.National Center For Complementary and Integrative Health.Omega-3 supplements: in depth.Office of Dietary Supplements.Iron.Abd El Baaki OM, Abd El Hamid ER, Zaki ST, Alwakkad ASED, Sabry RN, Elsheikh EM.Diet modification impact on ADHD outcome.Bull Natl Res Cent. 2021;45(1):15. doi:10.1186/s42269-020-00466-xHuberts-Bosch A, Bierens M, Ly V, et al.Short-term effects of an elimination diet and healthy diet in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized-controlled trial.Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. Published online July 11, 2023. doi:10.1007/s00787-023-02256-yPinto S, Correia-de-Sá T, Sampaio-Maia B, Vasconcelos C, Moreira P, Ferreira-Gomes J.Eating patterns and dietary interventions in ADHD: A narrative review.Nutrients. 2022;14(20):4332. doi:10.3390/nu14204332MedlinePlus.Hyperactivity and sugar.Attention Deficit Disorder Association.Health and nutrition.Llewellyn GC, Penberthy JK, Parker JM.Food color additives in the US food supply: Review of neurobehavioral safety.J Pediatr Neurol Neurosci. 2020;4(1). doi:10.36959/595/409Background Document for the Food Advisory Committee.Certified color additives in food and possible association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.Nigg JT, Holton K.Restriction and elimination diets in ADHD treatment.Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2014;23(4):937-953. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2014.05.010Kotchetkoff EC de A, de Oliveira LCL, Sarni ROS.Elimination diet in food allergy: Friend or foe?Jornal de Pediatria. Published online October 2023:S0021755723001304. doi:10.1016/j.jped.2023.09.012Pelsser L, Frankena K, Toorman J, Rodrigues Pereira R.Retrospective outcome monitoring of ADHD and nutrition (Roman): the effectiveness of the few-foods diet in general practice.Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:96. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00096Feingold Association of the United States.What is the Feingold Diet?Briars L, Todd T.A review of pharmacological management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2016;21(3):192-206. doi:10.5863/1551-6776-21.3.192Additional ReadingPelsser LM, Frankena K, Toorman J, Pereira RR.Diet and ADHD, reviewing the evidence: a systematic review of meta-analyses of double-blind placebo-controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of diet interventions on the behavior of children with ADHD.PLOS ONE. 2017;12(1):e0169277. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169277
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Del-Ponte B, Quinte GC, Cruz S, Grellert M, Santos IS.Dietary patterns and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Adhd): A systematic review and meta-analysis.J Affect Disord. 2019;252:160-173. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.061Cagigal C, Silva T, Jesus M, Silva C.Does diet affect the symptoms of ADHD?Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2019;20(2):130-136. doi:10.2174/1389201019666180925140733Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD).Nutrition and ADHD.Bener A, Kamal M, Bener H, Bhugra D.Higher prevalence of iron deficiency as strong predictor of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014;4(Suppl 3):S291-S297. doi:10.4103/2141-9248.141974Elbaz F, Zahra S, Hanafy H.Magnesium, zinc and copper estimation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics. 2017;18(2):153-163. doi:10.1016/j.ejmhg.2016.04.009Lange KW.Micronutrients and diets in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Chances and pitfalls.Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:102. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00102Landaas ET, Aarsland TIM, Ulvik A, Halmøy A, Ueland PM, Haavik J.Vitamin levels in adults with ADHD.BJPsych Open. 2016;2(6):377-384. doi:10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.003491Office of Dietary Supplements.Iron.Office of Dietary Supplement.Magnesium.Office of Dietary Supplements.Zinc.National Center For Complementary and Integrative Health.Omega-3 supplements: in depth.Office of Dietary Supplements.Iron.Abd El Baaki OM, Abd El Hamid ER, Zaki ST, Alwakkad ASED, Sabry RN, Elsheikh EM.Diet modification impact on ADHD outcome.Bull Natl Res Cent. 2021;45(1):15. doi:10.1186/s42269-020-00466-xHuberts-Bosch A, Bierens M, Ly V, et al.Short-term effects of an elimination diet and healthy diet in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized-controlled trial.Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. Published online July 11, 2023. doi:10.1007/s00787-023-02256-yPinto S, Correia-de-Sá T, Sampaio-Maia B, Vasconcelos C, Moreira P, Ferreira-Gomes J.Eating patterns and dietary interventions in ADHD: A narrative review.Nutrients. 2022;14(20):4332. doi:10.3390/nu14204332MedlinePlus.Hyperactivity and sugar.Attention Deficit Disorder Association.Health and nutrition.Llewellyn GC, Penberthy JK, Parker JM.Food color additives in the US food supply: Review of neurobehavioral safety.J Pediatr Neurol Neurosci. 2020;4(1). doi:10.36959/595/409Background Document for the Food Advisory Committee.Certified color additives in food and possible association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.Nigg JT, Holton K.Restriction and elimination diets in ADHD treatment.Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2014;23(4):937-953. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2014.05.010Kotchetkoff EC de A, de Oliveira LCL, Sarni ROS.Elimination diet in food allergy: Friend or foe?Jornal de Pediatria. Published online October 2023:S0021755723001304. doi:10.1016/j.jped.2023.09.012Pelsser L, Frankena K, Toorman J, Rodrigues Pereira R.Retrospective outcome monitoring of ADHD and nutrition (Roman): the effectiveness of the few-foods diet in general practice.Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:96. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00096Feingold Association of the United States.What is the Feingold Diet?Briars L, Todd T.A review of pharmacological management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2016;21(3):192-206. doi:10.5863/1551-6776-21.3.192
Del-Ponte B, Quinte GC, Cruz S, Grellert M, Santos IS.Dietary patterns and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Adhd): A systematic review and meta-analysis.J Affect Disord. 2019;252:160-173. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.061
Cagigal C, Silva T, Jesus M, Silva C.Does diet affect the symptoms of ADHD?Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2019;20(2):130-136. doi:10.2174/1389201019666180925140733
Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD).Nutrition and ADHD.
Bener A, Kamal M, Bener H, Bhugra D.Higher prevalence of iron deficiency as strong predictor of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014;4(Suppl 3):S291-S297. doi:10.4103/2141-9248.141974
Elbaz F, Zahra S, Hanafy H.Magnesium, zinc and copper estimation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics. 2017;18(2):153-163. doi:10.1016/j.ejmhg.2016.04.009
Lange KW.Micronutrients and diets in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Chances and pitfalls.Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:102. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00102
Landaas ET, Aarsland TIM, Ulvik A, Halmøy A, Ueland PM, Haavik J.Vitamin levels in adults with ADHD.BJPsych Open. 2016;2(6):377-384. doi:10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.003491
Office of Dietary Supplements.Iron.
Office of Dietary Supplement.Magnesium.
Office of Dietary Supplements.Zinc.
National Center For Complementary and Integrative Health.Omega-3 supplements: in depth.
Abd El Baaki OM, Abd El Hamid ER, Zaki ST, Alwakkad ASED, Sabry RN, Elsheikh EM.Diet modification impact on ADHD outcome.Bull Natl Res Cent. 2021;45(1):15. doi:10.1186/s42269-020-00466-x
Huberts-Bosch A, Bierens M, Ly V, et al.Short-term effects of an elimination diet and healthy diet in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized-controlled trial.Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. Published online July 11, 2023. doi:10.1007/s00787-023-02256-y
Pinto S, Correia-de-Sá T, Sampaio-Maia B, Vasconcelos C, Moreira P, Ferreira-Gomes J.Eating patterns and dietary interventions in ADHD: A narrative review.Nutrients. 2022;14(20):4332. doi:10.3390/nu14204332
MedlinePlus.Hyperactivity and sugar.
Attention Deficit Disorder Association.Health and nutrition.
Llewellyn GC, Penberthy JK, Parker JM.Food color additives in the US food supply: Review of neurobehavioral safety.J Pediatr Neurol Neurosci. 2020;4(1). doi:10.36959/595/409
Background Document for the Food Advisory Committee.Certified color additives in food and possible association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.
Nigg JT, Holton K.Restriction and elimination diets in ADHD treatment.Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2014;23(4):937-953. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2014.05.010
Kotchetkoff EC de A, de Oliveira LCL, Sarni ROS.Elimination diet in food allergy: Friend or foe?Jornal de Pediatria. Published online October 2023:S0021755723001304. doi:10.1016/j.jped.2023.09.012
Pelsser L, Frankena K, Toorman J, Rodrigues Pereira R.Retrospective outcome monitoring of ADHD and nutrition (Roman): the effectiveness of the few-foods diet in general practice.Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:96. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00096
Feingold Association of the United States.What is the Feingold Diet?
Briars L, Todd T.A review of pharmacological management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2016;21(3):192-206. doi:10.5863/1551-6776-21.3.192
Pelsser LM, Frankena K, Toorman J, Pereira RR.Diet and ADHD, reviewing the evidence: a systematic review of meta-analyses of double-blind placebo-controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of diet interventions on the behavior of children with ADHD.PLOS ONE. 2017;12(1):e0169277. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169277
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