Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsWhen to WorryCommon CausesUncommon CausesTreatment
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
When to Worry
Common Causes
Uncommon Causes
Treatment
Groin pain can stem from various issues, ranging from muscle strains and hip arthritis toinguinalhernias and kidney stones. Groin pain often worsens upon sitting due to how the hip flexes in this position. TheRICE method(Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) can help relieve pain, but more advanced treatments or physical therapy may be necessary in some cases.
Verywell / Alexandra Gordon
When to Be Concerned About Groin Pain
Call or see a healthcare provider right away if you develop groin pain after any type of significant injury, such as a fall, car accident, or sports-related injury.
If you have groin pain with these additional symptoms, see a healthcare provider at once:
The same is true if your groin pain is severe or persistent, regardless of accompanying symptoms.Seek emergency care if you have severe, one-sided testicular pain and swelling. This could be a testicular torsion, which requires immediate surgery.
Common Causes of Groin Pain
Common causes of groin pain include:
Muscle strain:A groin strain, or pulled groin muscle, occurs when the inner thigh muscles stretch too far or tear, often causing sharp groin pain and leg weakness. This injury is common among athletes, with healing typically taking four to eight weeks, though chronic strains may last up to six months.
Inguinal hernia:An inguinal hernia can cause groin pain when fatty tissue or intestines push through a weak spot in the abdominal wall, often due to repetitive strain or frequent coughing.Symptoms may include a tender bulge in the groin, dull pain during lifting or coughing, and a tugging sensation.
Kidney stone:A kidney stone is a small mineral clump that forms in the kidney and can cause waves of pain as it moves through the urinary tract. The pain is often felt between the ribs and hips or in the lower abdomen and may extend into the groin.
Hip osteoarthritis:The hip joint, located between the top of the thigh bone and the pelvis, can develop arthritis when its smooth surface wears down.This leads to groin pain pain and stiff leg movements, with pain worsening during activity and improving with rest.
Hip labrum tear:The hip labrum is a layer of cartilage that encircles the ball of the hip joint. A tear can cause sharp pain in the groin or buttocks, often felt during specific movements, along with a catching or popping sensation in the hip.
Hip bursitis:Bursitis refers to inflammation of the bursae, small fluid-filled sacs that cushion joints and reduce friction. The hip is a common location for bursitis, typically due to overuse, injury, or repetitive motions. Hip bursitis causes groin pain and tenderness which worsen while walking.
Herniated (slipped) disk:A slipped disc in the lower back can compress nerves in the groin area. It can cause sharp or burning groin pain and sometimes FAI. Herniated discs are a common injury in athletes who play high-impact sports, like football, weightlifting, and gymnastics.
Hip osteonecrosis:Osteonecrosis, or avascular necrosis, occurs when bone cells die from reduced blood supply, leading to hip joint collapse. It usually starts with a dull ache in the groin or buttock. As it progresses, weight-bearing becomes difficult, causing limping and increased groin pain.
Femoral hernia:Femoral hernias occur when a part of the small intestine pushes through a weak spot in the lower abdominal muscle wall. Many are symptomless, but some can cause groin pain that worsens with standing, straining, or lifting heavy objects.
Prostatitis:Inflammation of the prostate is called prostatitis. It can be acute due to a bacterial infection but is most commonly chronic. Symptoms of prostatitis include pain in the groin, lower abdomen, and pelvic region, as well as pain while peeing.
Varicocele:A varicocele forms when valves in the testicular vein don’t work properly, causing blood to collect in the scrotum and cause abnormally dilated veins. They are common and not dangerous. Many go unnoticed, while others cause groin pain, scrotal discomfort, and impaired infertility.
Endometriosis:This common condition occurs when endometrial tissue, which lines the female uterus, grows outside the uterus. Symptoms include particularly painful menstrual cramps, pain during or after sex, and spotting between periods.
Ovarian cyst:These common ovarian growths consist of sacs, usually fluid-filled, that develop in an ovary or on its surface. Many ovarian cysts are symptomless. When symptoms do occur, they may include pain in the groin, low back, or thighs, pain during sex, and particularly painful periods.
Appendicitis:Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix. Symptoms typically begin as dull pain near the belly button, then shift to sharp pain in the lower right abdomen. The pain often worsens with movement, coughing, or deep breaths. Appendicitis is a medical emergency that usually requires surgery to remove the appendix.
If you have new or persistent groin pain but are not sure what caused it, it’s best to see a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and treatment.
What Can Be Mistaken for a Pulled Groin?Several conditions can be mistaken for a pulled groin, including hip flexor strain, inguinal hernia, hip labral tear, and sciatica. Groin pain can be linked to issues involving the hips, pelvis, nerves or something else. If you’re not sure what is causing the groin pain, see a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis.
What Can Be Mistaken for a Pulled Groin?
Several conditions can be mistaken for a pulled groin, including hip flexor strain, inguinal hernia, hip labral tear, and sciatica. Groin pain can be linked to issues involving the hips, pelvis, nerves or something else. If you’re not sure what is causing the groin pain, see a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis.
Uncommon Causes of Groin Pain
Other causes of groin pain are less common but may be serious. These causes include:
Testicular torsion:This urgent condition occurs when the structure that carries nerves to the testicles twists. This causes severe and sudden groin and testicle pain. Testicular torsion can be life-threatening if not treated immediately.
Testicular cancer:This rare but very treatable cancer develops in a testicle. One of the first signs is often a lump on the testicle, or testicular swelling. Some, but not all, testicular tumors cause pain. People with testicular cancer often describe a feeling of heaviness or aching in the lower abdomen or scrotum.
Abdominal or pelvic conditions:Certain abdominal conditions can cause groin pain, includingdiverticulitis(inflammation of the bowel), ovarian cysts (fluid-filled pockets on the ovaries), and abdominal aortic aneurysm (enlargement of a portion of the aorta).
Osteitis pubis:Osteitis pubis is an inflammatory condition affecting the pubic symphysis (the joint that connects your two pubic bones), causing dull, aching pain in the groin and pelvis. It can occur in both athletes and non-athletes, and is more common in individuals with a history of inflammatory arthritis, pregnancy, pelvic injury, or pelvic surgery.
Tumors:Very rarely, a tumor in the tissues, muscles, or bones near the groin may cause groin pain. This is especially true if the tumor is in the area of the inner thigh muscles. Unlike a groin strain, groin pain from a tumor does not generally worsen with exercise.
Ectopic pregnancy:An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in a fallopian tube. Symptoms include abnormal vaginal bleeding, cramping on one side of the pelvis, and pain in the lower belly or pelvic area. Ectopic pregnancy may be life-threatening. Immediate medical attention, and typically surgery, is necessary.
Ovarian torsion:This rare but serious condition occurs when the ovary, and sometimes the fallopian tube, twist, cutting off blood supply. It typically affects one side and causes sudden, intense pain and vomiting. Ovarian torsion is a medical emergency that requires prompt surgery to save the ovary.
Can Sitting Too Much Cause Groin Pain?Groin pain can seem worse when sitting because the position causes the hip to flex.This pain is common while driving or sitting for long periods in a low chair. If you are experiencing groin pain due to prolonged sitting, take periodic breaks from sitting to stand, walk, and stretch.
Can Sitting Too Much Cause Groin Pain?
Groin pain can seem worse when sitting because the position causes the hip to flex.This pain is common while driving or sitting for long periods in a low chair. If you are experiencing groin pain due to prolonged sitting, take periodic breaks from sitting to stand, walk, and stretch.
How to Get Rid of Groin Pain
Treatment for groin pain depends on the underlying cause, but may include:
Lifestyle and self care:Self-care may be sufficient for some types of groin pain. If you have a groin strain, doctors often suggest resting, icing the area, and wrapping it with a compression bandage.If hip osteoarthritis is the issue, it’s a good idea to limit activities that make the pain worse. For testicular-related pain, elevating and icing the area might be helpful too.
Medications:Pain due to osteoarthritis, a hip labrum tear, osteitis pubis, or pinched nerves may improve with OTC pain medications like Tylenol (acetaminophen) and Advil (ibuprofen). Corticosteroid injections might also be useful.For example, people with hip osteoarthritis might get them in the hip, while those with pinched nerves could receive them in the lower back. If the pain is from an infection,antibioticsmight be needed, especially after surgery for an infected hip joint.
Physical therapy(PT):Physical therapy is often part of the treatment plan for hip-related groin pain. You might need PT after hip replacement surgery or for managing hip osteoarthritis over the long haul. PT helps strengthen your leg and hip muscles, improves your range of motion, and boosts flexibility. You might also find that you need awalking aid, like a cane, crutches, or a walker, to help you get around.
1:41Click Play to Learn About Treating a Pulled Groin
1:41
Click Play to Learn About Treating a Pulled Groin
Summary
Groin pain can have many potential causes, including muscle strain, inguinal hernia, and kidney stones. Many causes are related to hip injuries or osteoarthritis. Less commonly, the pain may be the result of nerve injury, tumors, or a testicle infection.
Your healthcare provider may diagnose your condition with a physical exam, imaging, or diagnostic injection. Depending on the cause and severity of symptoms, the treatment may involve lifestyle changes, medications, physical therapy, or surgery.
Some causes of groin pain can be prevented with healthy lifestyle choices and moderate exercise.
40 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Graves Gilbert Clinic.Groin injuries in athletes.Laher A, Ragavan S, Mehta P, Adam A.Testicular torsion in the emergency room: a review of detection and management strategies.Open Access Emerg Med. 2020;12(1):237-246. doi:10.2147/OAEM.S236767Elattar O, Choi HR, Dills V, Busconi B.Groin injuries (athletic pubalgia) and return to play.Sports Health. 2016;8(4):313-323. doi:10.1177/1941738116653711Harvard Health Publishing.Inguinal hernia.Agarwal PK.Study of demographics, clinical profile and risk factors of inguinal hernia: a public health problem in elderly males.Cureus. 2023;15(4):e38053. doi:10.7759/cureus.38053Penn Medicine.Kidney stones.Arthritis Foundation.Osteoarthritis of the hip.Postler A, Ramos AL, Goronzy J, et al.Prevalence and treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis in people aged 60 years or older in Germany: an analysis based on health insurance claims data.Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:2339-2349. doi:10.2147/CIA.S174741Hale R, Melugin H, Zhou J, et al.Incidence of femoracetabular impingement and surgical management trends over time.Am J Sports Med. 2021;49(1):35-41. doi:10.1177/0363546520970914Johns Hopkins Medicine.Hip labral tear.Stavrakis AI, Khoshbin A, Joseph A, et al.Dual mobility total hip arthroplasty is not associated with a greater incidence of groin pain in comparison with conventional total hip arthroplasty and hip resurfacing:a retrospective comparative study.HSS J. 2020;16(Suppl 2):394-399. doi:10.1007/s11420-020-09764-6Penn Medicine.Bursitis.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Lumbar disk disease (herniated disk).Cedars Sinai.Spondylolisthesis.Moya-Angeler J, Gianakos AL, Villa JC, Ni A, Lane JM.Current concepts on osteonecrosis of the femoral head.World J Orthop. 2015;6(8):590-601. doi:10.5312/wjo.v6.i8.590Mount Sinai.Femoral hernia.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Prostatitis.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Varicocele.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Endometriosis.Cedars Sinai.Ovarian cyst.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Appendicitis.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Taylor SN.Epididymitis.Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(Suppl 8):S770-S773. doi:10.1093/cid/civ812American Cancer Society.Signs and symptoms of testicular cancer.Bernstein E, Kelsey T, Cochran G, Deafenbaugh B, Kuhn K.Femoral neck stress fractures: An updated review.J Am Orthop Surg. 2022 Apr;30(7):302-311. doi:10.5435/JAAOS-D-21-00398Allegri M, Montella S, Salici F, et al.Mechanisms of low back pain: a guide for diagnosis and therapy.F1000Res. 2016;5. doi:10.12688/f1000research.8105.2Martin RR, Martin HD, Kivlan BR.Nerve entrapment in the hip region: current concepts review.Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017;12(7):1163-73. doi:10.26603/ijspt20171163Kopscik M, Crisman J, Lomasney L, Smith S, Jadidi S.Sports hernias: A comprehensive review for clinicians.Cureus. 2023 Aug;15(8):e43283. doi:10.7759/cureus.43283Cedars Sinai.Pelvic fracture.Chung C, Stern PJ, Dufton J.Urolithiasis presenting as right flank pain: a case report.J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2013;57(1):69-75.Gomella P, Mufarrij P.Osteitis pubis: a rare cause of suprapubic pain.Rev Urol. 2017;19(3):156-163.Haag N, Geßlein M, Millrose M, et al.Short- and mid-term survival of geriatric patients with septic arthritis of the knee and the impact of risk factors on survival.J Clin Med. 2022;11(3):755. doi:10.3390/jcm11030755Mount Sinai.Groin lump.Mount Sinai.Ectopic pregnancy.Yale Medicine.Ovarian torsion.Washington University Physicians.When to worry about groin pain.Kaiser Permanente.Groin strain: Care instructions.Penn Medicine.Epididymitis.Byrne C, Bowden D, Alkhayat A, Kavanagh E, Eustace S.Sports-related groin pain secondary to symphysis pubis disorders: Correlation between MRI findings and outcome after fluoroscopy-guided injection of steroid and local anesthetic.AJR. 2017 Jun;209(2). doi:10.2214/AJR.16.17578Taheriazam A, Saeidinia A.Two-stage revision of infected hip prosthesis after post-operative antibiotic therapy: An observational study.Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Feb;102(6):e32878. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000032878Additional ReadingBisciotti GN, Auci A, Di Marzo F, et al.Groin pain syndrome: an association of different pathologies and a case presentation.Muscles Ligaments Tendons J.2015;5(3):214-22. doi:10.11138/mltj/2015.5.3.214Shetty VD, Shetty NS, Shetty AP.Groin pain in athletes: a novel diagnostic approach.SICOT J. 2015;1:16. doi:10.1051/sicotj/2015017
40 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Graves Gilbert Clinic.Groin injuries in athletes.Laher A, Ragavan S, Mehta P, Adam A.Testicular torsion in the emergency room: a review of detection and management strategies.Open Access Emerg Med. 2020;12(1):237-246. doi:10.2147/OAEM.S236767Elattar O, Choi HR, Dills V, Busconi B.Groin injuries (athletic pubalgia) and return to play.Sports Health. 2016;8(4):313-323. doi:10.1177/1941738116653711Harvard Health Publishing.Inguinal hernia.Agarwal PK.Study of demographics, clinical profile and risk factors of inguinal hernia: a public health problem in elderly males.Cureus. 2023;15(4):e38053. doi:10.7759/cureus.38053Penn Medicine.Kidney stones.Arthritis Foundation.Osteoarthritis of the hip.Postler A, Ramos AL, Goronzy J, et al.Prevalence and treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis in people aged 60 years or older in Germany: an analysis based on health insurance claims data.Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:2339-2349. doi:10.2147/CIA.S174741Hale R, Melugin H, Zhou J, et al.Incidence of femoracetabular impingement and surgical management trends over time.Am J Sports Med. 2021;49(1):35-41. doi:10.1177/0363546520970914Johns Hopkins Medicine.Hip labral tear.Stavrakis AI, Khoshbin A, Joseph A, et al.Dual mobility total hip arthroplasty is not associated with a greater incidence of groin pain in comparison with conventional total hip arthroplasty and hip resurfacing:a retrospective comparative study.HSS J. 2020;16(Suppl 2):394-399. doi:10.1007/s11420-020-09764-6Penn Medicine.Bursitis.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Lumbar disk disease (herniated disk).Cedars Sinai.Spondylolisthesis.Moya-Angeler J, Gianakos AL, Villa JC, Ni A, Lane JM.Current concepts on osteonecrosis of the femoral head.World J Orthop. 2015;6(8):590-601. doi:10.5312/wjo.v6.i8.590Mount Sinai.Femoral hernia.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Prostatitis.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Varicocele.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Endometriosis.Cedars Sinai.Ovarian cyst.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Appendicitis.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Taylor SN.Epididymitis.Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(Suppl 8):S770-S773. doi:10.1093/cid/civ812American Cancer Society.Signs and symptoms of testicular cancer.Bernstein E, Kelsey T, Cochran G, Deafenbaugh B, Kuhn K.Femoral neck stress fractures: An updated review.J Am Orthop Surg. 2022 Apr;30(7):302-311. doi:10.5435/JAAOS-D-21-00398Allegri M, Montella S, Salici F, et al.Mechanisms of low back pain: a guide for diagnosis and therapy.F1000Res. 2016;5. doi:10.12688/f1000research.8105.2Martin RR, Martin HD, Kivlan BR.Nerve entrapment in the hip region: current concepts review.Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017;12(7):1163-73. doi:10.26603/ijspt20171163Kopscik M, Crisman J, Lomasney L, Smith S, Jadidi S.Sports hernias: A comprehensive review for clinicians.Cureus. 2023 Aug;15(8):e43283. doi:10.7759/cureus.43283Cedars Sinai.Pelvic fracture.Chung C, Stern PJ, Dufton J.Urolithiasis presenting as right flank pain: a case report.J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2013;57(1):69-75.Gomella P, Mufarrij P.Osteitis pubis: a rare cause of suprapubic pain.Rev Urol. 2017;19(3):156-163.Haag N, Geßlein M, Millrose M, et al.Short- and mid-term survival of geriatric patients with septic arthritis of the knee and the impact of risk factors on survival.J Clin Med. 2022;11(3):755. doi:10.3390/jcm11030755Mount Sinai.Groin lump.Mount Sinai.Ectopic pregnancy.Yale Medicine.Ovarian torsion.Washington University Physicians.When to worry about groin pain.Kaiser Permanente.Groin strain: Care instructions.Penn Medicine.Epididymitis.Byrne C, Bowden D, Alkhayat A, Kavanagh E, Eustace S.Sports-related groin pain secondary to symphysis pubis disorders: Correlation between MRI findings and outcome after fluoroscopy-guided injection of steroid and local anesthetic.AJR. 2017 Jun;209(2). doi:10.2214/AJR.16.17578Taheriazam A, Saeidinia A.Two-stage revision of infected hip prosthesis after post-operative antibiotic therapy: An observational study.Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Feb;102(6):e32878. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000032878Additional ReadingBisciotti GN, Auci A, Di Marzo F, et al.Groin pain syndrome: an association of different pathologies and a case presentation.Muscles Ligaments Tendons J.2015;5(3):214-22. doi:10.11138/mltj/2015.5.3.214Shetty VD, Shetty NS, Shetty AP.Groin pain in athletes: a novel diagnostic approach.SICOT J. 2015;1:16. doi:10.1051/sicotj/2015017
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Graves Gilbert Clinic.Groin injuries in athletes.Laher A, Ragavan S, Mehta P, Adam A.Testicular torsion in the emergency room: a review of detection and management strategies.Open Access Emerg Med. 2020;12(1):237-246. doi:10.2147/OAEM.S236767Elattar O, Choi HR, Dills V, Busconi B.Groin injuries (athletic pubalgia) and return to play.Sports Health. 2016;8(4):313-323. doi:10.1177/1941738116653711Harvard Health Publishing.Inguinal hernia.Agarwal PK.Study of demographics, clinical profile and risk factors of inguinal hernia: a public health problem in elderly males.Cureus. 2023;15(4):e38053. doi:10.7759/cureus.38053Penn Medicine.Kidney stones.Arthritis Foundation.Osteoarthritis of the hip.Postler A, Ramos AL, Goronzy J, et al.Prevalence and treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis in people aged 60 years or older in Germany: an analysis based on health insurance claims data.Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:2339-2349. doi:10.2147/CIA.S174741Hale R, Melugin H, Zhou J, et al.Incidence of femoracetabular impingement and surgical management trends over time.Am J Sports Med. 2021;49(1):35-41. doi:10.1177/0363546520970914Johns Hopkins Medicine.Hip labral tear.Stavrakis AI, Khoshbin A, Joseph A, et al.Dual mobility total hip arthroplasty is not associated with a greater incidence of groin pain in comparison with conventional total hip arthroplasty and hip resurfacing:a retrospective comparative study.HSS J. 2020;16(Suppl 2):394-399. doi:10.1007/s11420-020-09764-6Penn Medicine.Bursitis.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Lumbar disk disease (herniated disk).Cedars Sinai.Spondylolisthesis.Moya-Angeler J, Gianakos AL, Villa JC, Ni A, Lane JM.Current concepts on osteonecrosis of the femoral head.World J Orthop. 2015;6(8):590-601. doi:10.5312/wjo.v6.i8.590Mount Sinai.Femoral hernia.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Prostatitis.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Varicocele.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Endometriosis.Cedars Sinai.Ovarian cyst.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Appendicitis.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Taylor SN.Epididymitis.Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(Suppl 8):S770-S773. doi:10.1093/cid/civ812American Cancer Society.Signs and symptoms of testicular cancer.Bernstein E, Kelsey T, Cochran G, Deafenbaugh B, Kuhn K.Femoral neck stress fractures: An updated review.J Am Orthop Surg. 2022 Apr;30(7):302-311. doi:10.5435/JAAOS-D-21-00398Allegri M, Montella S, Salici F, et al.Mechanisms of low back pain: a guide for diagnosis and therapy.F1000Res. 2016;5. doi:10.12688/f1000research.8105.2Martin RR, Martin HD, Kivlan BR.Nerve entrapment in the hip region: current concepts review.Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017;12(7):1163-73. doi:10.26603/ijspt20171163Kopscik M, Crisman J, Lomasney L, Smith S, Jadidi S.Sports hernias: A comprehensive review for clinicians.Cureus. 2023 Aug;15(8):e43283. doi:10.7759/cureus.43283Cedars Sinai.Pelvic fracture.Chung C, Stern PJ, Dufton J.Urolithiasis presenting as right flank pain: a case report.J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2013;57(1):69-75.Gomella P, Mufarrij P.Osteitis pubis: a rare cause of suprapubic pain.Rev Urol. 2017;19(3):156-163.Haag N, Geßlein M, Millrose M, et al.Short- and mid-term survival of geriatric patients with septic arthritis of the knee and the impact of risk factors on survival.J Clin Med. 2022;11(3):755. doi:10.3390/jcm11030755Mount Sinai.Groin lump.Mount Sinai.Ectopic pregnancy.Yale Medicine.Ovarian torsion.Washington University Physicians.When to worry about groin pain.Kaiser Permanente.Groin strain: Care instructions.Penn Medicine.Epididymitis.Byrne C, Bowden D, Alkhayat A, Kavanagh E, Eustace S.Sports-related groin pain secondary to symphysis pubis disorders: Correlation between MRI findings and outcome after fluoroscopy-guided injection of steroid and local anesthetic.AJR. 2017 Jun;209(2). doi:10.2214/AJR.16.17578Taheriazam A, Saeidinia A.Two-stage revision of infected hip prosthesis after post-operative antibiotic therapy: An observational study.Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Feb;102(6):e32878. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000032878
Graves Gilbert Clinic.Groin injuries in athletes.
Laher A, Ragavan S, Mehta P, Adam A.Testicular torsion in the emergency room: a review of detection and management strategies.Open Access Emerg Med. 2020;12(1):237-246. doi:10.2147/OAEM.S236767
Elattar O, Choi HR, Dills V, Busconi B.Groin injuries (athletic pubalgia) and return to play.Sports Health. 2016;8(4):313-323. doi:10.1177/1941738116653711
Harvard Health Publishing.Inguinal hernia.
Agarwal PK.Study of demographics, clinical profile and risk factors of inguinal hernia: a public health problem in elderly males.Cureus. 2023;15(4):e38053. doi:10.7759/cureus.38053
Penn Medicine.Kidney stones.
Arthritis Foundation.Osteoarthritis of the hip.
Postler A, Ramos AL, Goronzy J, et al.Prevalence and treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis in people aged 60 years or older in Germany: an analysis based on health insurance claims data.Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:2339-2349. doi:10.2147/CIA.S174741
Hale R, Melugin H, Zhou J, et al.Incidence of femoracetabular impingement and surgical management trends over time.Am J Sports Med. 2021;49(1):35-41. doi:10.1177/0363546520970914
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Hip labral tear.
Stavrakis AI, Khoshbin A, Joseph A, et al.Dual mobility total hip arthroplasty is not associated with a greater incidence of groin pain in comparison with conventional total hip arthroplasty and hip resurfacing:a retrospective comparative study.HSS J. 2020;16(Suppl 2):394-399. doi:10.1007/s11420-020-09764-6
Penn Medicine.Bursitis.
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Lumbar disk disease (herniated disk).
Cedars Sinai.Spondylolisthesis.
Moya-Angeler J, Gianakos AL, Villa JC, Ni A, Lane JM.Current concepts on osteonecrosis of the femoral head.World J Orthop. 2015;6(8):590-601. doi:10.5312/wjo.v6.i8.590
Mount Sinai.Femoral hernia.
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Prostatitis.
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Varicocele.
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Endometriosis.
Cedars Sinai.Ovarian cyst.
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Appendicitis.
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Taylor SN.Epididymitis.Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(Suppl 8):S770-S773. doi:10.1093/cid/civ812
American Cancer Society.Signs and symptoms of testicular cancer.
Bernstein E, Kelsey T, Cochran G, Deafenbaugh B, Kuhn K.Femoral neck stress fractures: An updated review.J Am Orthop Surg. 2022 Apr;30(7):302-311. doi:10.5435/JAAOS-D-21-00398
Allegri M, Montella S, Salici F, et al.Mechanisms of low back pain: a guide for diagnosis and therapy.F1000Res. 2016;5. doi:10.12688/f1000research.8105.2
Martin RR, Martin HD, Kivlan BR.Nerve entrapment in the hip region: current concepts review.Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017;12(7):1163-73. doi:10.26603/ijspt20171163
Kopscik M, Crisman J, Lomasney L, Smith S, Jadidi S.Sports hernias: A comprehensive review for clinicians.Cureus. 2023 Aug;15(8):e43283. doi:10.7759/cureus.43283
Cedars Sinai.Pelvic fracture.
Chung C, Stern PJ, Dufton J.Urolithiasis presenting as right flank pain: a case report.J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2013;57(1):69-75.
Gomella P, Mufarrij P.Osteitis pubis: a rare cause of suprapubic pain.Rev Urol. 2017;19(3):156-163.
Haag N, Geßlein M, Millrose M, et al.Short- and mid-term survival of geriatric patients with septic arthritis of the knee and the impact of risk factors on survival.J Clin Med. 2022;11(3):755. doi:10.3390/jcm11030755
Mount Sinai.Groin lump.
Mount Sinai.Ectopic pregnancy.
Yale Medicine.Ovarian torsion.
Washington University Physicians.When to worry about groin pain.
Kaiser Permanente.Groin strain: Care instructions.
Penn Medicine.Epididymitis.
Byrne C, Bowden D, Alkhayat A, Kavanagh E, Eustace S.Sports-related groin pain secondary to symphysis pubis disorders: Correlation between MRI findings and outcome after fluoroscopy-guided injection of steroid and local anesthetic.AJR. 2017 Jun;209(2). doi:10.2214/AJR.16.17578
Taheriazam A, Saeidinia A.Two-stage revision of infected hip prosthesis after post-operative antibiotic therapy: An observational study.Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Feb;102(6):e32878. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000032878
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Bisciotti GN, Auci A, Di Marzo F, et al.Groin pain syndrome: an association of different pathologies and a case presentation.Muscles Ligaments Tendons J.2015;5(3):214-22. doi:10.11138/mltj/2015.5.3.214
Shetty VD, Shetty NS, Shetty AP.Groin pain in athletes: a novel diagnostic approach.SICOT J. 2015;1:16. doi:10.1051/sicotj/2015017
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