Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsNutritionBenefitsSafetyFrequently Asked Questions
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Nutrition
Benefits
Safety
Frequently Asked Questions
Hawthorns are small, flowering trees with berries often used to make jelly and tea. Supplements may contain nutrients and biochemicals from the leaves, flowers, and berries. However, more research is needed to prove its benefits and you shouldn’t use Hawthorn to self-treat a health condition.
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not regulate supplements the way it regulates prescription drugs. That means some supplement products may not contain what the label says. Whenchoosing a supplement, look for independently tested products and consult a healthcare provider, registered dietitian nutritionist (RD or RDN), or pharmacist.
Verywell / Anastasia Tretiak
Hawthorn Supplement FactsActive ingredient: Oligomeric procyanidins,flavonoids (hyperoside, vitexin)Alternate name:Crataegus monogyna,Crataegus laevigata(synonymCrataegus oxyacantha), English hawthorn, harthorne, haw, hawthorne, mayhaw, oneseed hawthorn, thornapple.Legal status: Over-the-counter supplement (United States).Suggested dose: Use of 160 to 1,800 milligrams (mg) from three to 24 weeks in studiesSafety considerations: May interact with some medications
Hawthorn Supplement Facts
Active ingredient: Oligomeric procyanidins,flavonoids (hyperoside, vitexin)Alternate name:Crataegus monogyna,Crataegus laevigata(synonymCrataegus oxyacantha), English hawthorn, harthorne, haw, hawthorne, mayhaw, oneseed hawthorn, thornapple.Legal status: Over-the-counter supplement (United States).Suggested dose: Use of 160 to 1,800 milligrams (mg) from three to 24 weeks in studiesSafety considerations: May interact with some medications
Hawthorn contains different levels of nutrients and other components depending on factors like the species (type) and where it grows.
Studies have found the following in hawthorn:
What Are Hawthorn’s Benefits?
Given the serious nature of heart disease, it’s essential not to self-treat a heart condition with hawthorn or any other remedy. Please consult your healthcare provider,registered dietitian (RD) or registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN), or pharmacist if you’re considering using hawthorn.
Researchers have suggested hawthorn may have heart benefits.
This could partly be due to its vasodilation effects (increased blood flow), although conflicting evidence exists.
Hawthorn has been studied for the following conditions:
Avoid hawthorn if you’re allergic to it, its components (parts), or other plants in theRosaceae(rose) family.
Seek medical attention if you have asevere allergic reaction(itching, hives, shortness of breath).
Side Effects
The most commonly reported side effects of hawthorn include the following:
Interactions
Just because it’s a natural medicine doesn’t mean hawthorn can’t interact with medications or other herbs and supplements. Natural medicines can be quite potent.
Research suggests hawthorn may inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AchE), which plays a role inAlzheimer’s medications.
Hawthorn may increase or change the effects of the following medications:
Talk to a pharmacist, registered dietitian, or healthcare provider before taking hawthorn if you also take medications, other herbs, or supplements.
Precautions
Please keep in mind the following precautions when considering hawthorn:
Summary
Hawthorn has been used for millennia, primarily for heart conditions. Research suggests it may benefit heart failure, high blood pressure, and cholesterol. However, conflicting evidence also exists.
Hawthorn may interact with some medications and is not suggested for use during pregnancy or in children. As with all plant medicines and supplements, check with your healthcare provider, registered dietitian nutritionist, or pharmacist if you’re considering using hawthorn. This can help optimize your health goals and minimize interactions or side effects.
Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) is a plant that has mostly been studied for its value with heart conditions. The plant has been used for it health benefits and also as a food.
While hawthorn has been demonstrated to have some benefits in heart failure, high blood pressure, and cholesterol, conflicting evidence does exist. More research is needed. Do not self-treat or delay treatment of serious conditions like heart failure. Consider and alter, if necessary, your lifestyle, eating habits, and activity level to reach your health goals. Reach out to your healthcare provider for further guidance.
15 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.Hawthorn.Holubarsch CJF, Colucci WS, Eha J.Benefit-risk assessment of Crataegus extract WS 1442: an evidence-based review.Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2018;18(1):25-36. doi:10.1007/s40256-017-0249-9Edwards JE, Brown PN, Talent N, Dickinson TA, Shipley PR.A review of the chemistry of the genus Crataegus.Phytochemistry. 2012;79:5-26. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.04.006National Center for Complimentary and Integrative Health.Hawthorn.Pittler MH, Guo R, Ernst E.Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(1):CD005312. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005312.pub2Zhang J, Chai X, Zhao F, et al.Food applications and potential health benefits of hawthorn.Foods. 2022;11(18):2861. doi:10.3390/foods11182861Asher GN, Viera AJ, Weaver MA, et al.Effect of hawthorn standardized extract on flow mediated dilation in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults: a randomized, controlled cross-over trial.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012;12:26. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-12-26Brixius K, Willms S, Napp A, et al.Crataegus special extract WS 1442 induces an endothelium-dependent, NO-mediated vasorelaxation via eNOS-phosphorylation at serine 1177.Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2006;20(3):177-184. doi:10.1007/s10557-006-8723-7Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, et al.Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial.Br J Gen Pract. 2006;56(527):437-443.Wang SZ, Wu M, Chen KJ, et al.Hawthorn extract alleviates atherosclerosis through regulating inflammation and apoptosis related factors: an experimental study.Chin J Integr Med. 2019;25(2):108-115. doi10.1007/s11655-018-3020-4Posadzki P, Watson LK, Ernst E.Adverse effects of herbal medicines: an overview of systematic reviews.Clin Med (Lond). 2013;13(1):7-12. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.13-1-7Martinelli F, Perrone A, Yousefi S, et al.Botanical, phytochemical, anti-microbial and pharmaceutical characteristics of hawthorn (Crataegusmonogyna jacq.), Rosaceae.Molecules. 2021;26(23):7266. doi:10.3390/molecules26237266Dahmer S, Scott E.Health effects of hawthorn.Am Fam Physician. 2010;81(4):465-8.Hatfield J, Saad S, Housewright C.Dietary supplements and bleeding.Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2022;35(6):802-807. doi:10.1080/08998280.2022.2121575Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed).Hawthorn.Additional ReadingAmerican Family Physicians.Health Effects of Hawthorn.Asher GN, Viera AJ, Weaver MA, Dominik R, Caughey M, Hinderliter AL.Effect of hawthorn standardized extract on flow-mediated dilation in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults: a randomized, controlled cross-over trial.BMC Complement Altern Med.2012 Mar 29;12:26.Castleman, Michael. “The New Healing Herbs.“Holubarsch Christian J. F., Wilson S. Colucci, Jaan Eha.Benefit-Risk Assessment ofCrataegusExtract WS 1442: An Evidence-Based Review. Am J Cardiovasc Drug. 2018; 18(1): 25–36.Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.Hawthorn.Pittler MH, Guo R, Ernst E.Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 23;(1):CD005312.Tadiæ VM, Dobriæ S, Markoviæ GM, et al.Anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, free-radical-scavenging, and antimicrobial activities of hawthorn berries ethanol extract. J Agric Food Chem.2008 Sep 10;56(17):7700-9.Walker AF, Marakis G, Morris AP, Robinson PA.Promising hypotensive effect of hawthorn extract: a randomized double-blind pilot study of mild, essential hypertension. Phytother Res. 2002 16(1):48-54.Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, Hope JL, Robinson PA, Hassanein M, Simpson HC.Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Gen Pract. 2006 56(527):437-43.Wang Song-zi, Wu Min, Chen Ke-ji, Liu Yue, Sun Jing, Sun Zhuo, Ma He, and Liu Long-tao.Hawthorn Extract Alleviates Atherosclerosis throughRegulating Inflammation and Apoptosis-Related Factors: An Experimental Study. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine. December 2018.Xu H, Xu HE, Ryan D.A study of the comparative effects of hawthorn fruit compound and simvastatin on lowering blood lipid levels. Am J Chin Med. 2009;37(5):903-8.Zick SM, Vautawa BM, Gillespie B, Aaronson KD.Hawthorn Extract Randomized Blinded Chronic Heart Failure (HERB CHF) trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009 Oct;11(10):990-9.
15 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.Hawthorn.Holubarsch CJF, Colucci WS, Eha J.Benefit-risk assessment of Crataegus extract WS 1442: an evidence-based review.Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2018;18(1):25-36. doi:10.1007/s40256-017-0249-9Edwards JE, Brown PN, Talent N, Dickinson TA, Shipley PR.A review of the chemistry of the genus Crataegus.Phytochemistry. 2012;79:5-26. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.04.006National Center for Complimentary and Integrative Health.Hawthorn.Pittler MH, Guo R, Ernst E.Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(1):CD005312. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005312.pub2Zhang J, Chai X, Zhao F, et al.Food applications and potential health benefits of hawthorn.Foods. 2022;11(18):2861. doi:10.3390/foods11182861Asher GN, Viera AJ, Weaver MA, et al.Effect of hawthorn standardized extract on flow mediated dilation in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults: a randomized, controlled cross-over trial.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012;12:26. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-12-26Brixius K, Willms S, Napp A, et al.Crataegus special extract WS 1442 induces an endothelium-dependent, NO-mediated vasorelaxation via eNOS-phosphorylation at serine 1177.Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2006;20(3):177-184. doi:10.1007/s10557-006-8723-7Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, et al.Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial.Br J Gen Pract. 2006;56(527):437-443.Wang SZ, Wu M, Chen KJ, et al.Hawthorn extract alleviates atherosclerosis through regulating inflammation and apoptosis related factors: an experimental study.Chin J Integr Med. 2019;25(2):108-115. doi10.1007/s11655-018-3020-4Posadzki P, Watson LK, Ernst E.Adverse effects of herbal medicines: an overview of systematic reviews.Clin Med (Lond). 2013;13(1):7-12. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.13-1-7Martinelli F, Perrone A, Yousefi S, et al.Botanical, phytochemical, anti-microbial and pharmaceutical characteristics of hawthorn (Crataegusmonogyna jacq.), Rosaceae.Molecules. 2021;26(23):7266. doi:10.3390/molecules26237266Dahmer S, Scott E.Health effects of hawthorn.Am Fam Physician. 2010;81(4):465-8.Hatfield J, Saad S, Housewright C.Dietary supplements and bleeding.Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2022;35(6):802-807. doi:10.1080/08998280.2022.2121575Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed).Hawthorn.Additional ReadingAmerican Family Physicians.Health Effects of Hawthorn.Asher GN, Viera AJ, Weaver MA, Dominik R, Caughey M, Hinderliter AL.Effect of hawthorn standardized extract on flow-mediated dilation in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults: a randomized, controlled cross-over trial.BMC Complement Altern Med.2012 Mar 29;12:26.Castleman, Michael. “The New Healing Herbs.“Holubarsch Christian J. F., Wilson S. Colucci, Jaan Eha.Benefit-Risk Assessment ofCrataegusExtract WS 1442: An Evidence-Based Review. Am J Cardiovasc Drug. 2018; 18(1): 25–36.Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.Hawthorn.Pittler MH, Guo R, Ernst E.Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 23;(1):CD005312.Tadiæ VM, Dobriæ S, Markoviæ GM, et al.Anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, free-radical-scavenging, and antimicrobial activities of hawthorn berries ethanol extract. J Agric Food Chem.2008 Sep 10;56(17):7700-9.Walker AF, Marakis G, Morris AP, Robinson PA.Promising hypotensive effect of hawthorn extract: a randomized double-blind pilot study of mild, essential hypertension. Phytother Res. 2002 16(1):48-54.Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, Hope JL, Robinson PA, Hassanein M, Simpson HC.Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Gen Pract. 2006 56(527):437-43.Wang Song-zi, Wu Min, Chen Ke-ji, Liu Yue, Sun Jing, Sun Zhuo, Ma He, and Liu Long-tao.Hawthorn Extract Alleviates Atherosclerosis throughRegulating Inflammation and Apoptosis-Related Factors: An Experimental Study. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine. December 2018.Xu H, Xu HE, Ryan D.A study of the comparative effects of hawthorn fruit compound and simvastatin on lowering blood lipid levels. Am J Chin Med. 2009;37(5):903-8.Zick SM, Vautawa BM, Gillespie B, Aaronson KD.Hawthorn Extract Randomized Blinded Chronic Heart Failure (HERB CHF) trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009 Oct;11(10):990-9.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.Hawthorn.Holubarsch CJF, Colucci WS, Eha J.Benefit-risk assessment of Crataegus extract WS 1442: an evidence-based review.Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2018;18(1):25-36. doi:10.1007/s40256-017-0249-9Edwards JE, Brown PN, Talent N, Dickinson TA, Shipley PR.A review of the chemistry of the genus Crataegus.Phytochemistry. 2012;79:5-26. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.04.006National Center for Complimentary and Integrative Health.Hawthorn.Pittler MH, Guo R, Ernst E.Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(1):CD005312. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005312.pub2Zhang J, Chai X, Zhao F, et al.Food applications and potential health benefits of hawthorn.Foods. 2022;11(18):2861. doi:10.3390/foods11182861Asher GN, Viera AJ, Weaver MA, et al.Effect of hawthorn standardized extract on flow mediated dilation in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults: a randomized, controlled cross-over trial.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012;12:26. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-12-26Brixius K, Willms S, Napp A, et al.Crataegus special extract WS 1442 induces an endothelium-dependent, NO-mediated vasorelaxation via eNOS-phosphorylation at serine 1177.Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2006;20(3):177-184. doi:10.1007/s10557-006-8723-7Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, et al.Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial.Br J Gen Pract. 2006;56(527):437-443.Wang SZ, Wu M, Chen KJ, et al.Hawthorn extract alleviates atherosclerosis through regulating inflammation and apoptosis related factors: an experimental study.Chin J Integr Med. 2019;25(2):108-115. doi10.1007/s11655-018-3020-4Posadzki P, Watson LK, Ernst E.Adverse effects of herbal medicines: an overview of systematic reviews.Clin Med (Lond). 2013;13(1):7-12. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.13-1-7Martinelli F, Perrone A, Yousefi S, et al.Botanical, phytochemical, anti-microbial and pharmaceutical characteristics of hawthorn (Crataegusmonogyna jacq.), Rosaceae.Molecules. 2021;26(23):7266. doi:10.3390/molecules26237266Dahmer S, Scott E.Health effects of hawthorn.Am Fam Physician. 2010;81(4):465-8.Hatfield J, Saad S, Housewright C.Dietary supplements and bleeding.Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2022;35(6):802-807. doi:10.1080/08998280.2022.2121575Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed).Hawthorn.
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.Hawthorn.
Holubarsch CJF, Colucci WS, Eha J.Benefit-risk assessment of Crataegus extract WS 1442: an evidence-based review.Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2018;18(1):25-36. doi:10.1007/s40256-017-0249-9
Edwards JE, Brown PN, Talent N, Dickinson TA, Shipley PR.A review of the chemistry of the genus Crataegus.Phytochemistry. 2012;79:5-26. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.04.006
National Center for Complimentary and Integrative Health.Hawthorn.
Pittler MH, Guo R, Ernst E.Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(1):CD005312. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005312.pub2
Zhang J, Chai X, Zhao F, et al.Food applications and potential health benefits of hawthorn.Foods. 2022;11(18):2861. doi:10.3390/foods11182861
Asher GN, Viera AJ, Weaver MA, et al.Effect of hawthorn standardized extract on flow mediated dilation in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults: a randomized, controlled cross-over trial.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012;12:26. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-12-26
Brixius K, Willms S, Napp A, et al.Crataegus special extract WS 1442 induces an endothelium-dependent, NO-mediated vasorelaxation via eNOS-phosphorylation at serine 1177.Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2006;20(3):177-184. doi:10.1007/s10557-006-8723-7
Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, et al.Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial.Br J Gen Pract. 2006;56(527):437-443.
Wang SZ, Wu M, Chen KJ, et al.Hawthorn extract alleviates atherosclerosis through regulating inflammation and apoptosis related factors: an experimental study.Chin J Integr Med. 2019;25(2):108-115. doi10.1007/s11655-018-3020-4
Posadzki P, Watson LK, Ernst E.Adverse effects of herbal medicines: an overview of systematic reviews.Clin Med (Lond). 2013;13(1):7-12. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.13-1-7
Martinelli F, Perrone A, Yousefi S, et al.Botanical, phytochemical, anti-microbial and pharmaceutical characteristics of hawthorn (Crataegusmonogyna jacq.), Rosaceae.Molecules. 2021;26(23):7266. doi:10.3390/molecules26237266
Dahmer S, Scott E.Health effects of hawthorn.Am Fam Physician. 2010;81(4):465-8.
Hatfield J, Saad S, Housewright C.Dietary supplements and bleeding.Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2022;35(6):802-807. doi:10.1080/08998280.2022.2121575
Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed).Hawthorn.
American Family Physicians.Health Effects of Hawthorn.Asher GN, Viera AJ, Weaver MA, Dominik R, Caughey M, Hinderliter AL.Effect of hawthorn standardized extract on flow-mediated dilation in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults: a randomized, controlled cross-over trial.BMC Complement Altern Med.2012 Mar 29;12:26.Castleman, Michael. “The New Healing Herbs.“Holubarsch Christian J. F., Wilson S. Colucci, Jaan Eha.Benefit-Risk Assessment ofCrataegusExtract WS 1442: An Evidence-Based Review. Am J Cardiovasc Drug. 2018; 18(1): 25–36.Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.Hawthorn.Pittler MH, Guo R, Ernst E.Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 23;(1):CD005312.Tadiæ VM, Dobriæ S, Markoviæ GM, et al.Anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, free-radical-scavenging, and antimicrobial activities of hawthorn berries ethanol extract. J Agric Food Chem.2008 Sep 10;56(17):7700-9.Walker AF, Marakis G, Morris AP, Robinson PA.Promising hypotensive effect of hawthorn extract: a randomized double-blind pilot study of mild, essential hypertension. Phytother Res. 2002 16(1):48-54.Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, Hope JL, Robinson PA, Hassanein M, Simpson HC.Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Gen Pract. 2006 56(527):437-43.Wang Song-zi, Wu Min, Chen Ke-ji, Liu Yue, Sun Jing, Sun Zhuo, Ma He, and Liu Long-tao.Hawthorn Extract Alleviates Atherosclerosis throughRegulating Inflammation and Apoptosis-Related Factors: An Experimental Study. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine. December 2018.Xu H, Xu HE, Ryan D.A study of the comparative effects of hawthorn fruit compound and simvastatin on lowering blood lipid levels. Am J Chin Med. 2009;37(5):903-8.Zick SM, Vautawa BM, Gillespie B, Aaronson KD.Hawthorn Extract Randomized Blinded Chronic Heart Failure (HERB CHF) trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009 Oct;11(10):990-9.
American Family Physicians.Health Effects of Hawthorn.
Asher GN, Viera AJ, Weaver MA, Dominik R, Caughey M, Hinderliter AL.Effect of hawthorn standardized extract on flow-mediated dilation in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults: a randomized, controlled cross-over trial.BMC Complement Altern Med.2012 Mar 29;12:26.
Castleman, Michael. “The New Healing Herbs.”
Holubarsch Christian J. F., Wilson S. Colucci, Jaan Eha.Benefit-Risk Assessment ofCrataegusExtract WS 1442: An Evidence-Based Review. Am J Cardiovasc Drug. 2018; 18(1): 25–36.
Pittler MH, Guo R, Ernst E.Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 23;(1):CD005312.
Tadiæ VM, Dobriæ S, Markoviæ GM, et al.Anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, free-radical-scavenging, and antimicrobial activities of hawthorn berries ethanol extract. J Agric Food Chem.2008 Sep 10;56(17):7700-9.
Walker AF, Marakis G, Morris AP, Robinson PA.Promising hypotensive effect of hawthorn extract: a randomized double-blind pilot study of mild, essential hypertension. Phytother Res. 2002 16(1):48-54.
Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, Hope JL, Robinson PA, Hassanein M, Simpson HC.Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Gen Pract. 2006 56(527):437-43.
Wang Song-zi, Wu Min, Chen Ke-ji, Liu Yue, Sun Jing, Sun Zhuo, Ma He, and Liu Long-tao.Hawthorn Extract Alleviates Atherosclerosis throughRegulating Inflammation and Apoptosis-Related Factors: An Experimental Study. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine. December 2018.
Xu H, Xu HE, Ryan D.A study of the comparative effects of hawthorn fruit compound and simvastatin on lowering blood lipid levels. Am J Chin Med. 2009;37(5):903-8.
Zick SM, Vautawa BM, Gillespie B, Aaronson KD.Hawthorn Extract Randomized Blinded Chronic Heart Failure (HERB CHF) trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009 Oct;11(10):990-9.
Meet Our Medical Expert Board
Share Feedback
Was this page helpful?Thanks for your feedback!What is your feedback?OtherHelpfulReport an ErrorSubmit
Was this page helpful?
Thanks for your feedback!
What is your feedback?OtherHelpfulReport an ErrorSubmit
What is your feedback?
