Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsHCV Skin SymptomsRelated Skin ProblemsSkin Signs of Liver DamageTreatmentFrequently Asked QuestionsNext in Hepatitis C GuideHepatitis C Treatment Costs: What to Expect

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Table of Contents

HCV Skin Symptoms

Related Skin Problems

Skin Signs of Liver Damage

Treatment

Frequently Asked Questions

Next in Hepatitis C Guide

Although hepatitis C is usuallyasymptomatic(without symptoms) until liver damage is advanced, one in six people will develop at least one skin symptom during the course of the infection.

Skin symptoms range from red spots and swelling to chronic itching and changes in skin color. These symptoms are often overlooked or mistaken for other conditions, such asallergiesorautoimmune skin disease.

tylim / Getty Images

Person with itchy skin problem

Because skin-related symptoms may be the only signs of hepatitis C, it is important to recognize them so that treatment can be delivered before significant liver damage has occurred.

This article describes the different types of rashes and skin conditions associated with hepatitis C, including their causes and treatment options.

How Do You Get Hepatitis C?

Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Hepatitis C Infection

Hepatitis C progresses in stages. During the initialacutephase, the disease is usually asymptomatic. As many as 30% will spontaneously clear the virus (it is no longer present in their bodies) without knowing they had it. The rest will develop achronic(persistent) infection, of whom 15% to 30% will developcirrhosiswithin 20 years.

As the disease slowly progresses, the likelihood of symptoms will increase. Even so, most people with chronic HCV infection will have either no symptoms or nonspecific signs such aschronic fatigueor depression.

While most people associate hepatitis C withliver-related symptoms, one in four people with a chronic HCV infection will develop extrahepatic symptoms (meaning symptoms outside the liver).

These include skin-related symptoms that can occur during the acute and chronic stages and from hepatitis C treatment.

Rash Symptoms From Acute HCV Infection

Acute hepatitis C symptoms occur in around 20% of people exposed to the virus.The symptoms usually develop two to 12 weeks after exposure and cause symptoms ranging from nausea and vomiting to dark urine andjaundice(yellowing of the skin and/or eyes).

What to ExpectUrticaria tends to precede the more classicsymptoms of viral hepatitis. The hives can come and go in episodes lasting several hours. Severe cases can cause brownish skin discoloration.

What to Expect

Urticaria tends to precede the more classicsymptoms of viral hepatitis. The hives can come and go in episodes lasting several hours. Severe cases can cause brownish skin discoloration.

Rashes Associated With Chronic HCV

Many skin conditions are associated with chronic hepatitis C, some common and others uncommon. They includepruritus(itching), a common condition affecting up to 40% of those with chronic HCV infection.

Four skin conditions directly linked to HCV can cause rashes during the chronic stage of infection:

These skin conditions can occur for reasons other than hepatitis C. Even so, HCV testing is recommended due to their strong association with HCV.

Prurigo nodularis, a chronic itchy skin condition with a symmetrical rash, is also more common in people with hepatitis C.

How Hepatitis C Is Diagnosed

Rashes From HCV Treatment

Hepatitis C is treated with a class of drugs calleddirect-acting antiviral (DAAs). While DAAs can cure the vast majority of HCV infections, they can also cause side effects, including fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting.

Skin-related side effects can also occur during treatment, after treatment, or both, typically causing:

What to ExpectA hepatitis C drug reaction typically causes an outbreak of small, itchy, red bumps on the arms, legs, back, and/or torso. Symptoms tend to be mild but, on rare occasions, can be severe and require treatment discontinuation.

A hepatitis C drug reaction typically causes an outbreak of small, itchy, red bumps on the arms, legs, back, and/or torso. Symptoms tend to be mild but, on rare occasions, can be severe and require treatment discontinuation.

Skin reactions were more common with older, discontinued DAAs like Incivek (telaprevir), particularly when used with peginterferon and ribavirin. Studies suggest that over 50% of users experienced a rash when exposed to this combination of drugs.

Some skin conditions share a possible association with chronic hepatitis C. For reasons not entirely clear, the risk of these is higher in people with hepatitis C than in the general population.

How Hepatitis C Affects the Kidneys

Hepatitis C causes chronicinflammationof the liver, which over time causes progressive scarring known asfibrosis. Cirrhosis occurs when the scarring is severe enough to interfere with the function of the liver.

In rare cases, ongoing liver damage can cause cells to change at the genetic level, leading thehepatocellular carcinoma(the most common type of liver cancer).

Skin Signs of Cirrhosis

Skin Signs of Liver Cancer

Liver cancer can also cause different types of rashes, particularly if HCV is the underlying cause. These not only include previously mentioned conditions like dermatomyositis but also:

Symptoms of Liver Cancer

Acute vs. Chronic HCV Rash Treatment

Acute Hepatitis C

With acute hepatitis C, any skin-related symptom may resolve on its own over time. In fact, most acute HCV symptoms will clear within 2 to 12 weeks of their first appearance.

Even so, oralantihistaminesmay be prescribed to help relieve itching and hives, particularly if a condition is severe or recurrent.Cold compresses and over-the-counter (OTC)hydrocortisone creammay also help.

Chronic Hepatitis C

Treating acute hepatitis C greatly reduces the risk of a chronic infection, but because hepatitis C is often asymptomatic, the diagnosis is usually made when the disease has already progressed.

It can be presumed that many skin-related symptoms of chronic hepatitis C will clear once you are cured of the infection. But, this is not always the case.

Depending on the skin condition and its severity, other medications may be needed, including:

Hepatitis C Drug Reactions

Summary

Rashes that occur during the chronic stage may also clear once the infection has been treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Other treatments may be prescribed if needed, including corticosteroids, methotrexate, and phototherapy.

Hepatitis C drug reactions can sometimes occur and are typically mild. However, treatment needs to be stopped immediately if a drug-induced rash is severe.

A Word From Verywell

If you think you’ve been exposed to hepatitis C recently or in the past, it is important to get tested. Risk factors includesharing needles, having sex with someone you know or suspect has hepatitis C, or sustaining aneedlestick injury.

While current direct-acting antivirals offer high cure rates at any disease stage, it is always better to get treated earlier before the liver damage has occurred. Moreover, the treatment is often simpler (with fewer drugs and shorter treatment times) if started before there is any evidence of cirrhosis.

It is important to remember that you cannot diagnose hepatitis C based on symptoms—and chances are you won’t have any. The only way to diagnose hepatitis C is a blood test, including newer rapid finger-stick tests.

How to Afford Hepatitis C Treatment

If you’ve recently been exposed to the hepatitis C virus (HCV), the most common rash you may experience is urticaria, also known as hives. Urticaria causes raised, red, itchy welts that can come and go during the initial (acute) stage of infection and may even persist during the secondary (chronic) stage of infection.Learn MoreHow Urticaria (Hives) Is Treated

If you’ve recently been exposed to the hepatitis C virus (HCV), the most common rash you may experience is urticaria, also known as hives. Urticaria causes raised, red, itchy welts that can come and go during the initial (acute) stage of infection and may even persist during the secondary (chronic) stage of infection.

Learn MoreHow Urticaria (Hives) Is Treated

Learn MoreWhat Is a Hepatitis C Rash?

21 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Garcovich S, Garcovich M, Capizzi R, Gasbarrini A, Zocco MA.Cutaneous manifestations of hepatitis C in the era of new antiviral agents.World J Hepatol.2015;7(27):2740–2748. doi:10.4254/wjh.v7.i27.2740World Health Organization.Hepatitis C.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Clinical overview of Hepatitis C.Dedania B, Wu GY.Dermatologic extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C.J Clin Transl Hepatol.2015;3(2):127–133. doi:10.14218/JCTH.2015.00010Guss D, Sherigar J, Rosen P, Mohanty SR.Diagnosis and management of hepatitis C infection in primary care settings.J Gen Intern Med.2018;33(4):551–557. doi:10.1007/s11606-017-4280-yKolkhir P, Pereverzina N, Olisova O, Maurer M.Comorbidity of viral hepatitis and chronic spontaneous urticaria: a systematic review.Allergy. 2018;73(10):1946-1953. doi:10.1111/all.13482Griffith PM, Kevat DAS, McCarthy JS, Woods ML.Unusual association of diseases/symptoms: chronic urticaria following acute hepatitis A.BMJ Case Rep.2012;2012:bcr2012006479. doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-006479Ali R, Ashfaq M, Bukhari MA, Shahzad A.Mucocutaneous manifestations in hepatitis C patients.J Pakistan Assoc Dermatol.2014;24(1):40-5.Fernandes Botelho, Silva Enokihari MMS, Enokihara MY.Necrolytic acral erythema: a rare skin disease associated with hepatitis C virus infection.An Bras Dermatol.2016;91(5):649–651. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164203Boozalis E, Tang O, Patel S, et al.Ethnic differences and comorbidities of 909 prurigo nodularis patients.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;79(4):714-719.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.04.047AASLD-IDSA HCV Guidance Panel.Hepatitis C guidance 2018 update: AASLD-IDSA recommendations for testing, managing, and treating hepatitis C virus infection.Clin Infect Dis.2018:67(10):1477-1492. doi:10.1093/cid/ciy585Gaber MA, Sallaam AE, Shaza E.Dermatological adverse effects of new era of direct-acting antivirals in hepatitis C virus treatment.Manoufia Med J.2019;32(4):1521-1527.Szymanek-Pasternak A, Janoocha-Litwin J, Simon K.Severe chronic atopic dermatitis improvement after hepatitis C virus elimination with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir treatment.Postepy Dermatol Alergol.2022;39(2):424–425. doi:10.5114/ada.2022.115896Milpied-Homsi B, Moran EM, Phillips EJ.Antiviral drug allergy.Immunol Allergy Clin North Am.2014;34(3):645–662. doi:10.1016/j.iac.2014.04.011Fawzy MM, Hammad NM, Sharaf AL, Khattab F.Hepatitis C virus infection could be a risk factor for adult-onset vitiligo in Egyptian patients: a cross-sectional study.J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022 Mar 29 [Online ahead of print]. doi:10.1111/jocd.14946Sood A, Gupta R, Midha V.A giant spider nevus in a patient of hepatitis C-related liver cirrhosis: a rare presentation.Int J Appl Basic Med Res.2015;5(3):206–207. doi:10.4103/2229-516X.165373Mitchell O, Feldman DM, Diakow M, Sigal SH.The pathophysiology of thrombocytopenia in chronic liver disease.Hepat Med.2016;8:39–50. doi:10.2147/HMER.S74612Al-Khazraji A.Cutaneous manifestations of hepatocellular cancer (HCC).Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol.2016;10(10):1075-1117. doi:10.1080/17474124.2016.1229182Dinu L, Ene CD, Nicolae I, Georgescu SR.The influence of hepatitis C virus infection on H1 antihistamine treatment in urticaria patients.BMC Infect Dis.2014;14(Suppl 7):P70. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-S7-P70Cacoub P, Bourliere M, Lubbe J, et al.Dermatological side effects of hepatitis C and its treatment: patient management in the era of direct-acting antivirals.J Hepatol.2012;2012:455-463. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2011.08.006Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Testing for hepatitis C.

21 Sources

Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Garcovich S, Garcovich M, Capizzi R, Gasbarrini A, Zocco MA.Cutaneous manifestations of hepatitis C in the era of new antiviral agents.World J Hepatol.2015;7(27):2740–2748. doi:10.4254/wjh.v7.i27.2740World Health Organization.Hepatitis C.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Clinical overview of Hepatitis C.Dedania B, Wu GY.Dermatologic extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C.J Clin Transl Hepatol.2015;3(2):127–133. doi:10.14218/JCTH.2015.00010Guss D, Sherigar J, Rosen P, Mohanty SR.Diagnosis and management of hepatitis C infection in primary care settings.J Gen Intern Med.2018;33(4):551–557. doi:10.1007/s11606-017-4280-yKolkhir P, Pereverzina N, Olisova O, Maurer M.Comorbidity of viral hepatitis and chronic spontaneous urticaria: a systematic review.Allergy. 2018;73(10):1946-1953. doi:10.1111/all.13482Griffith PM, Kevat DAS, McCarthy JS, Woods ML.Unusual association of diseases/symptoms: chronic urticaria following acute hepatitis A.BMJ Case Rep.2012;2012:bcr2012006479. doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-006479Ali R, Ashfaq M, Bukhari MA, Shahzad A.Mucocutaneous manifestations in hepatitis C patients.J Pakistan Assoc Dermatol.2014;24(1):40-5.Fernandes Botelho, Silva Enokihari MMS, Enokihara MY.Necrolytic acral erythema: a rare skin disease associated with hepatitis C virus infection.An Bras Dermatol.2016;91(5):649–651. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164203Boozalis E, Tang O, Patel S, et al.Ethnic differences and comorbidities of 909 prurigo nodularis patients.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;79(4):714-719.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.04.047AASLD-IDSA HCV Guidance Panel.Hepatitis C guidance 2018 update: AASLD-IDSA recommendations for testing, managing, and treating hepatitis C virus infection.Clin Infect Dis.2018:67(10):1477-1492. doi:10.1093/cid/ciy585Gaber MA, Sallaam AE, Shaza E.Dermatological adverse effects of new era of direct-acting antivirals in hepatitis C virus treatment.Manoufia Med J.2019;32(4):1521-1527.Szymanek-Pasternak A, Janoocha-Litwin J, Simon K.Severe chronic atopic dermatitis improvement after hepatitis C virus elimination with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir treatment.Postepy Dermatol Alergol.2022;39(2):424–425. doi:10.5114/ada.2022.115896Milpied-Homsi B, Moran EM, Phillips EJ.Antiviral drug allergy.Immunol Allergy Clin North Am.2014;34(3):645–662. doi:10.1016/j.iac.2014.04.011Fawzy MM, Hammad NM, Sharaf AL, Khattab F.Hepatitis C virus infection could be a risk factor for adult-onset vitiligo in Egyptian patients: a cross-sectional study.J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022 Mar 29 [Online ahead of print]. doi:10.1111/jocd.14946Sood A, Gupta R, Midha V.A giant spider nevus in a patient of hepatitis C-related liver cirrhosis: a rare presentation.Int J Appl Basic Med Res.2015;5(3):206–207. doi:10.4103/2229-516X.165373Mitchell O, Feldman DM, Diakow M, Sigal SH.The pathophysiology of thrombocytopenia in chronic liver disease.Hepat Med.2016;8:39–50. doi:10.2147/HMER.S74612Al-Khazraji A.Cutaneous manifestations of hepatocellular cancer (HCC).Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol.2016;10(10):1075-1117. doi:10.1080/17474124.2016.1229182Dinu L, Ene CD, Nicolae I, Georgescu SR.The influence of hepatitis C virus infection on H1 antihistamine treatment in urticaria patients.BMC Infect Dis.2014;14(Suppl 7):P70. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-S7-P70Cacoub P, Bourliere M, Lubbe J, et al.Dermatological side effects of hepatitis C and its treatment: patient management in the era of direct-acting antivirals.J Hepatol.2012;2012:455-463. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2011.08.006Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Testing for hepatitis C.

Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.

Garcovich S, Garcovich M, Capizzi R, Gasbarrini A, Zocco MA.Cutaneous manifestations of hepatitis C in the era of new antiviral agents.World J Hepatol.2015;7(27):2740–2748. doi:10.4254/wjh.v7.i27.2740World Health Organization.Hepatitis C.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Clinical overview of Hepatitis C.Dedania B, Wu GY.Dermatologic extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C.J Clin Transl Hepatol.2015;3(2):127–133. doi:10.14218/JCTH.2015.00010Guss D, Sherigar J, Rosen P, Mohanty SR.Diagnosis and management of hepatitis C infection in primary care settings.J Gen Intern Med.2018;33(4):551–557. doi:10.1007/s11606-017-4280-yKolkhir P, Pereverzina N, Olisova O, Maurer M.Comorbidity of viral hepatitis and chronic spontaneous urticaria: a systematic review.Allergy. 2018;73(10):1946-1953. doi:10.1111/all.13482Griffith PM, Kevat DAS, McCarthy JS, Woods ML.Unusual association of diseases/symptoms: chronic urticaria following acute hepatitis A.BMJ Case Rep.2012;2012:bcr2012006479. doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-006479Ali R, Ashfaq M, Bukhari MA, Shahzad A.Mucocutaneous manifestations in hepatitis C patients.J Pakistan Assoc Dermatol.2014;24(1):40-5.Fernandes Botelho, Silva Enokihari MMS, Enokihara MY.Necrolytic acral erythema: a rare skin disease associated with hepatitis C virus infection.An Bras Dermatol.2016;91(5):649–651. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164203Boozalis E, Tang O, Patel S, et al.Ethnic differences and comorbidities of 909 prurigo nodularis patients.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;79(4):714-719.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.04.047AASLD-IDSA HCV Guidance Panel.Hepatitis C guidance 2018 update: AASLD-IDSA recommendations for testing, managing, and treating hepatitis C virus infection.Clin Infect Dis.2018:67(10):1477-1492. doi:10.1093/cid/ciy585Gaber MA, Sallaam AE, Shaza E.Dermatological adverse effects of new era of direct-acting antivirals in hepatitis C virus treatment.Manoufia Med J.2019;32(4):1521-1527.Szymanek-Pasternak A, Janoocha-Litwin J, Simon K.Severe chronic atopic dermatitis improvement after hepatitis C virus elimination with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir treatment.Postepy Dermatol Alergol.2022;39(2):424–425. doi:10.5114/ada.2022.115896Milpied-Homsi B, Moran EM, Phillips EJ.Antiviral drug allergy.Immunol Allergy Clin North Am.2014;34(3):645–662. doi:10.1016/j.iac.2014.04.011Fawzy MM, Hammad NM, Sharaf AL, Khattab F.Hepatitis C virus infection could be a risk factor for adult-onset vitiligo in Egyptian patients: a cross-sectional study.J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022 Mar 29 [Online ahead of print]. doi:10.1111/jocd.14946Sood A, Gupta R, Midha V.A giant spider nevus in a patient of hepatitis C-related liver cirrhosis: a rare presentation.Int J Appl Basic Med Res.2015;5(3):206–207. doi:10.4103/2229-516X.165373Mitchell O, Feldman DM, Diakow M, Sigal SH.The pathophysiology of thrombocytopenia in chronic liver disease.Hepat Med.2016;8:39–50. doi:10.2147/HMER.S74612Al-Khazraji A.Cutaneous manifestations of hepatocellular cancer (HCC).Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol.2016;10(10):1075-1117. doi:10.1080/17474124.2016.1229182Dinu L, Ene CD, Nicolae I, Georgescu SR.The influence of hepatitis C virus infection on H1 antihistamine treatment in urticaria patients.BMC Infect Dis.2014;14(Suppl 7):P70. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-S7-P70Cacoub P, Bourliere M, Lubbe J, et al.Dermatological side effects of hepatitis C and its treatment: patient management in the era of direct-acting antivirals.J Hepatol.2012;2012:455-463. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2011.08.006Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Testing for hepatitis C.

Garcovich S, Garcovich M, Capizzi R, Gasbarrini A, Zocco MA.Cutaneous manifestations of hepatitis C in the era of new antiviral agents.World J Hepatol.2015;7(27):2740–2748. doi:10.4254/wjh.v7.i27.2740

World Health Organization.Hepatitis C.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Clinical overview of Hepatitis C.

Dedania B, Wu GY.Dermatologic extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C.J Clin Transl Hepatol.2015;3(2):127–133. doi:10.14218/JCTH.2015.00010

Guss D, Sherigar J, Rosen P, Mohanty SR.Diagnosis and management of hepatitis C infection in primary care settings.J Gen Intern Med.2018;33(4):551–557. doi:10.1007/s11606-017-4280-y

Kolkhir P, Pereverzina N, Olisova O, Maurer M.Comorbidity of viral hepatitis and chronic spontaneous urticaria: a systematic review.Allergy. 2018;73(10):1946-1953. doi:10.1111/all.13482

Griffith PM, Kevat DAS, McCarthy JS, Woods ML.Unusual association of diseases/symptoms: chronic urticaria following acute hepatitis A.BMJ Case Rep.2012;2012:bcr2012006479. doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-006479

Ali R, Ashfaq M, Bukhari MA, Shahzad A.Mucocutaneous manifestations in hepatitis C patients.J Pakistan Assoc Dermatol.2014;24(1):40-5.

Fernandes Botelho, Silva Enokihari MMS, Enokihara MY.Necrolytic acral erythema: a rare skin disease associated with hepatitis C virus infection.An Bras Dermatol.2016;91(5):649–651. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164203

Boozalis E, Tang O, Patel S, et al.Ethnic differences and comorbidities of 909 prurigo nodularis patients.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;79(4):714-719.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.04.047

AASLD-IDSA HCV Guidance Panel.Hepatitis C guidance 2018 update: AASLD-IDSA recommendations for testing, managing, and treating hepatitis C virus infection.Clin Infect Dis.2018:67(10):1477-1492. doi:10.1093/cid/ciy585

Gaber MA, Sallaam AE, Shaza E.Dermatological adverse effects of new era of direct-acting antivirals in hepatitis C virus treatment.Manoufia Med J.2019;32(4):1521-1527.

Szymanek-Pasternak A, Janoocha-Litwin J, Simon K.Severe chronic atopic dermatitis improvement after hepatitis C virus elimination with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir treatment.Postepy Dermatol Alergol.2022;39(2):424–425. doi:10.5114/ada.2022.115896

Milpied-Homsi B, Moran EM, Phillips EJ.Antiviral drug allergy.Immunol Allergy Clin North Am.2014;34(3):645–662. doi:10.1016/j.iac.2014.04.011

Fawzy MM, Hammad NM, Sharaf AL, Khattab F.Hepatitis C virus infection could be a risk factor for adult-onset vitiligo in Egyptian patients: a cross-sectional study.J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022 Mar 29 [Online ahead of print]. doi:10.1111/jocd.14946

Sood A, Gupta R, Midha V.A giant spider nevus in a patient of hepatitis C-related liver cirrhosis: a rare presentation.Int J Appl Basic Med Res.2015;5(3):206–207. doi:10.4103/2229-516X.165373

Mitchell O, Feldman DM, Diakow M, Sigal SH.The pathophysiology of thrombocytopenia in chronic liver disease.Hepat Med.2016;8:39–50. doi:10.2147/HMER.S74612

Al-Khazraji A.Cutaneous manifestations of hepatocellular cancer (HCC).Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol.2016;10(10):1075-1117. doi:10.1080/17474124.2016.1229182

Dinu L, Ene CD, Nicolae I, Georgescu SR.The influence of hepatitis C virus infection on H1 antihistamine treatment in urticaria patients.BMC Infect Dis.2014;14(Suppl 7):P70. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-S7-P70

Cacoub P, Bourliere M, Lubbe J, et al.Dermatological side effects of hepatitis C and its treatment: patient management in the era of direct-acting antivirals.J Hepatol.2012;2012:455-463. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2011.08.006

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Testing for hepatitis C.

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