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Table of Contents
HIV in the United States
By Age
By Sexual Orientation
By Race
By Sex
Mortality Rates
Global HIV Statistics
Frequently Asked Questions
Since the first cases ofhuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)were reported back in 1981, an estimated 76 million people have been infected worldwide, resulting in over 22 million deaths and 13 million AIDS orphans.
Today, around 38 million people are living with HIV, and, despite advances in treatment and the widespread distribution ofantiretroviral drugs, infection and death rates remain alarmingly high.In 2023 alone, an estimated 1.3 million people were infected with HIV, while over 630,000 died of HIV-related complications.
BigFive Images / Gallo Images / Getty Images
Still, there are enormous gaps in the global response and challenges yet to be faced in the United States, where the poor, people of color, and gay and bisexual men are disproportionately affected.
Currently, in the United States, over 1.1 million Americans are living with HIV.After years of stagnation in the annualinfection rate, which hovered at around 50,000 new infections per year, the rate has begun to steadily drop in recent years due to newer preventive strategies likePrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis)and HIV treatment as prevention, the latter of which can reduce therisk of HIV transmissionto zero.
According to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 31,800 new HIV infections were reported in the 2022 surveillance—a drop of nearly 12% since 2018.
Despite these gains, more than 19,000 people with HIV died in the United States in 2022, and as many as 13% of those infected (roughly 158,000) remain unaware of their status. Of those who have been diagnosed, only 63% are linked to medical care, and 35% are unable to achieve anundetectable viral loadneeded to ensure anormal to near-normal life expectancy.
HIV stigma and a lack of access to medical care, particularly among the poor and communities of color, are among the driving factors for these failures.
HIV Statistics You Should Know
In the United States, where you live plays a large part in how likely you are to get HIV. While it is clear that dense urban populations with highprevalence ratescontribute to the risk, there are other unique factors that account for a growing disparity between U.S. states.
A prime example is the rate of infection in states that have either adopted or refusedMedicaidexpansion, intended to expand healthcare to economically disadvantaged people.
States that hadn’t adopted Medicaid expansion as of 2022 accounted for 43% of all new infections. Florida, Texas, Georgia, and North Carolina represent the lion’s share of these infections.
Poverty remains a driving force for HIV infections, particularly in the South, where the rates of poverty are highest. Moreover, nearly half of all Americans without health insurance live in the South.
Likewise, many of the metropolitan areas with the highest rates of HIV diagnoses—such as Miami, Memphis, and Atlanta—are in the South.
These dynamics are reflected in the 10 U.S. states with the highest HIV prevalence rates, most of which are in the South.
In the United States, the primarymode of HIV transmissionis sex. It can come as no surprise, therefore, that the rates of new infection are highest among younger populations that are not only more sexually active but also more likely to have STDs, multiple sex partners, and otherrisk factors.
According to the CDC, the rate of new infections in 2022 was highest among people 20 to 34, declining steadily thereafter.
Youth also accounts for the highest rate of undiagnosed infections. Today, more than 40% of all HIV-positive youth between the ages of 13 and 24 are unaware of their status and, as a result, are more likely to infect others. The picture is little improved among adults 25 to 34, where more than a quarter remain undiagnosed.
While HIV infection rates have been declining in most population groups, the number of infections among people aged 30 to 34 has risen substantially. The number has risen less substantially in people aged 35 to 44 and very slightly among people in their 60s.
How Common Is HIV?
Gay and bisexual men account for the lion’s share of HIV infections in the U.S. This not only includes men who identify as gay or bisexual but the nearly one in 10men who have sex with men (MSM)who identify as straight.
While MSM accounts for only 2% of the U.S. population, they represent 67% of all new infections and 58% of Americans living with HIV. In their 2022 surveillance, the CDC highlighted key disparities affecting MSM:
There are many reasons for these disparities, including stigma (especially high in many communities of color), biological vulnerabilities (including an increased risk of transmission viaanal sex), and illicit drug use (especially among young MSM).
By contrast, women who exclusively have sex with women are considered to be at low risk of infection.
Among MSM living with HIV, White men accounted for 34%. Black men accounted for 31%, even though Black people are a much smaller proportion of the U.S. population.
Why Gay Men Have an Increased Risk of HIV
Currently, around 436,000 Black Americans are living with HIV compared to 307,000 White Americans.This is despite the fact that Black Americans account for 13.7% of the U.S. population compared to Whites, who represent 58.4%.
The statistics are not much better forHispanics and Latinos, of whom 285,000 currently live with HIV.Although the new infection rate among Hispanics and Latinos is more or less the same as Whites, they account for only 19.5% of the population.
Poverty, again, is a driving factor. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the rate of poverty among Blacks and Hispanics/Latinos is more than double that of Whites and Asians (18.8% and 15.7% versus 7.3% and 7.3% respectively).
Due to the multitude of intersecting risk factors, Black MSM in the United States have no less than a 50% lifetime risk of getting HIV, according to a 2018 study in theAnnals of Epidemiology.
The High Risk of Gay Black Men Getting HIV
Although men account for the majority of HIV infections in the U.S.—80% of whom are MSM—almost 264,000 women are living with HIV, the majority of whom were infected throughheterosexual sex.
The risk is especially high among Black women due tosocioeconomic and gender inequalities. As a result, Black women and teenage girls are about 10 times as likely to get HIV than White women and teenage girls.(By contrast, White women are more than twice as likely to get infected as a result of injecting drug use compared to Black women).
Despite a woman’s inherent vulnerability to HIV, increased public awareness has led to a more than 30% decline in new infections since 2010 among women and teenage girls. The decline for Black women and teenage girls was about 32%.
None of this should suggest that heterosexual men have less to worry about. In fact, the low perception of risk among heterosexual men has translated to the highest rate of undiagnosed infections of all risk groups (15.2%).This not only increases the risk of a latediagnosisbut also the chance that a man will unknowingly pass the virus to others.
What Women Should Know About HIV
HIV causes the depletion of immune cells (calledCD4 T-cells) that, over time, reduces a person’s ability to fight otherwise harmless infections. When theimmune defenses have been fully compromised, these infections can become life-threatening. It is these so-calledopportunistic infectionsthat are among the main causes of death in people living with HIV.
And, although this is only an eighth of the number of deaths reported back in 1996, the numbers remain unacceptably high given the efficacy of CART. Most occurred in the South and Northeast, accounting to the CDC.
As with the United States, there have been impressive declines in global HIV infections and deaths since 2004, when about 2.1 million deaths were reported. Today, the annual number of HIV-related deaths is around 630,000—a reduction of roughly 69%.
At the same time, there has been a leveling off of many of the early gains and an increase in infection rates in certain hotspots around the world. Stagnating economic contributions from developed countries are only part of the reason why. The vast majority of people living with HIV are in low- to medium-income countries. Of the 39.9 million living with HIV today, almost half are in Africa, where the prevalence of HIVexceeds 10% in some countriesand exceeds 20% in some countries. These are described in the latest surveillance report from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).
A Look at Global HIV Statistics
Prevalence Rates
By contrast, infections continue to rise in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, where 94% of all new infections are among “key populations,” which include sex workers, men who have sex with men, and people who inject drugs. Government inaction and discrimination against gay men and other high-risk groups also help fuel the infection rates.
Common Modes of HIV Transmission
By Age and Sex
Unlike the United States, heterosexual sex remains the predominant mode of transmission in high-prevalent regions, such as sub-Saharan Africa. Within this context, younger, sexually active youth between the ages of 15 and 24 account for over a third of all new infections, while those aged 15 to 45 represent 60%.
Women are often disproportionately affected. In addition to biological vulnerabilities, gender inequality, unfair access to services, and sexual violence has led to higher rates of infection, often at a far earlier age compared to men.
A 2016 study inPLoS Onereported that women in sub-Saharan Africa, the center of the global pandemic, are infected five to seven years earlier than their male peers, and today account for nearly two of three infections.
Due to the increased access to antiretroviral therapy, people with HIV are now living longer than ever, even in high-prevalence regions. Where only 8% of people with HIV lived beyond the age of 50 in 2010, now over 20% are in their 50s and older. That number is expected to increase as the 90-90-90 targets are met.
Antiretroviral Coverage
The impressive gains in the global fight against HIV could not have been achieved without the manufacture of low-cost generic antiretrovirals.
Around 80% of these are produced in India, where the Indian Patents Act, implemented in the 1970s, allowed for the breaking of international patent laws on the grounds that HIV was a global health emergency.Because of this, HIV drugs like Odefsey (emtricitabine, rilpivirine, and tenofovir) that retail for $3,000 per month in the United States cost as little as $75per yearin Africa.
Globally, there are an estimated 30.7 million people on antiretroviral therapy—roughly 77% of the world’s HIV population. Data from UNAIDS suggests that, of these, 73% achieved an undetectable viral load (more or less in line with U.S. rates).
List of Approved HIV Antiretroviral Drugs
Mother-to-Child Transmission
Even so, the rate of MTCT remains unacceptably high, with a few countries reporting as many as one in four transmissions during pregnancy or as the result of breastfeeding and one country (Congo) at 32%.
In 2016, Armenia, Belarus, Thailand, and, the Republic of Moldova were the first four developing countries to report the elimination of MTCT from within their borders.
HIV remains a leading cause of death worldwide andtheleading cause of death globally of women of reproductive age. However, HIV-related deaths have dropped dramatically in recent years, from 1.1. million in 2010 to 690,000 in 2019. All told, the mortality rate is 59% less than it was at the height of the pandemic in 2004.
Not every country is following this trend. Russia, a country often cited for its failure to address infection rates within its borders, accounted for more than 80% of new infections in the Eastern European and Central Asian regions from 2010 to 2015. A recent commitment to increase antiretroviral access to 75% of Russians living with HIV will hopefully reverse this trend.
Country201820102000Trend1South Africa71,000140,000100,000↓2Mozambique54,00064,00040,000↓3Nigeria53,00072,00078,000↓4Indonesia38,00024,00019,000↑5Kenya25,00056,00019,000↓6Tanzania24,00048,00080,000↓7Uganda23,00056,00085,000↓8Zimbabwe22,00054,000120,000↓9Thailand18,00027,00054,000↓10Zambia17,00026,00062,000↓11Côte d’Ivoire16,00024,00044,000↓12Cameroon15,00022,00019,000↓13Brazil15,00015,00015,000↔14Ghana14,00017,00018,000↓15Angola14,00010,0004,8000↑Frequently Asked QuestionsIn 2019, there were 1.2 million people with HIV in the US. It is estimated that around 13% of that number don’t realize they have it.This is why people between the ages of 13 and 64 are recommended to get tested at least once, or yearly if they live in areas with high exposure.In 2022, the U.S. states or areas that had the highest rates of new HIV diagnoses per 100,000 people were the following.District of Columbia: 36.6 per 100,000Georgia: 27.4 per 100,000Florida: 22.3 per 100,000Louisiana: 22.3 per 100,000Texas: 19.8 per 100,000Nevada: 19.6 per 100,000Mississippi: 18.1 per 100,000Alabama: 16.3 per 100,000South Carolina: 15.9 per 100,000North Carolina: 14.9 per 100,000In 2019, the incidence rate of HIV in the US was 12.6 per 100,000 people. The number of HIV infections that were estimated to have appeared that year came to 34,800.
Frequently Asked QuestionsIn 2019, there were 1.2 million people with HIV in the US. It is estimated that around 13% of that number don’t realize they have it.This is why people between the ages of 13 and 64 are recommended to get tested at least once, or yearly if they live in areas with high exposure.In 2022, the U.S. states or areas that had the highest rates of new HIV diagnoses per 100,000 people were the following.District of Columbia: 36.6 per 100,000Georgia: 27.4 per 100,000Florida: 22.3 per 100,000Louisiana: 22.3 per 100,000Texas: 19.8 per 100,000Nevada: 19.6 per 100,000Mississippi: 18.1 per 100,000Alabama: 16.3 per 100,000South Carolina: 15.9 per 100,000North Carolina: 14.9 per 100,000In 2019, the incidence rate of HIV in the US was 12.6 per 100,000 people. The number of HIV infections that were estimated to have appeared that year came to 34,800.
In 2019, there were 1.2 million people with HIV in the US. It is estimated that around 13% of that number don’t realize they have it.This is why people between the ages of 13 and 64 are recommended to get tested at least once, or yearly if they live in areas with high exposure.
In 2022, the U.S. states or areas that had the highest rates of new HIV diagnoses per 100,000 people were the following.District of Columbia: 36.6 per 100,000Georgia: 27.4 per 100,000Florida: 22.3 per 100,000Louisiana: 22.3 per 100,000Texas: 19.8 per 100,000Nevada: 19.6 per 100,000Mississippi: 18.1 per 100,000Alabama: 16.3 per 100,000South Carolina: 15.9 per 100,000North Carolina: 14.9 per 100,000
In 2022, the U.S. states or areas that had the highest rates of new HIV diagnoses per 100,000 people were the following.
In 2019, the incidence rate of HIV in the US was 12.6 per 100,000 people. The number of HIV infections that were estimated to have appeared that year came to 34,800.
38 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. 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Country:Uganda.
38 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Rodger A, Cambiano V, Bruun T, et al.Sexual activity without condoms and risk of HIV transmission in serodifferent couples when the HIV-positive partner is using suppressive antiretroviral therapy.JAMA.2016;316(2):171-81. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.5148KFF.The HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States: the basics.Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.Global HIV & AIDS statistics—fact sheet.UNICEF.Elimination of mother-to-child transmission.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.CDC publishes new HIV surveillance reports.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Diagnoses, deaths, and prevalence of HIV in the United States and 6 territories and freely associated states, 2022.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.National HIV prevention and care outcomes.Pellowski JA, Kalichman SC, Matthews KA, Adler N.A pandemic of the poor: Social disadvantage and the U.S. HIV epidemic.Am Psychologist. 2013;68(4):197-209. doi:10.1037/a0032694U.S. Census Bureau.Income and poverty in the United States.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.HIV surveillance supplemental report: estimated HIV incidence and prevalence in the United States, 2017–2021.Lieb S, Fallon SJ, Friedman SR, et al.Statewide estimation of racial/ethnic populations of men who have sex with men in the U.S.Pub Health Rep. 2011;126(1):60-72. doi:10.1177/003335491112600110Gama A, Martins MO, Dias S.HIV research with men who have sex with men (MSM): Advantages and challenges of different methods for most appropriately targeting a key population.AIMS Pub Health. 2017;4(3):221-39. doi:10.3934/publichealth.2017.3.221Mullinax M, Schick V, Rosenberg J, Herbenick D, Reece M.Screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among a heterogeneous group of WSW(M).Int J Sex Health. 2016;28(1):9-15. doi:10.1080/19317611.2015.1068904U.S. Census Bureau.United States: Quick facts.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.HIV Surveillance Report.U.S. Census Bureau.Inequalities persist despite decline in poverty for all major race and hispanic origin groups.Earnshaw VA, Bogart LM, Dovidio JF, Williams DR.Stigma and racial/ethnic HIV disparities: Moving toward resilience.Am Psychologist. 2013;68(4):225-36. doi:10.1037/a0032705Department of Health and Human Services.Impact on racial and ethnic minorities.Hess KL, Hu X, Lansky A, Mermin J, Hall HI.Lifetime risk of a diagnosis of HIV infection in the United States.Ann Epidemiol. 2017;27(4):238-43. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.02.003Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Fast facts: HIV and women.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Estimated HIV incidence and prevalence in the United States, 2018–2022. HIV surveillance supplemental report 2024.Department of Health and Human Services.A timeline of HIV and AIDS.Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.2024 global AIDS report. The urgency of now: AIDS at a crossroads.Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.Ending AIDS: progress toward the 90-90-90 targets.Rautenbach SP, Whittles LK, Meyer-Rath G, et al.Future HIV epidemic trajectories in South Africa and projected long-term consequences of reductions in general population HIV testing: a mathematical modelling study.Lancet Public Health. 2024;9(4):e218-e230. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00020-3Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.Regional profile: Eastern Europe and Central Asia.Frank TD, Carter A, Jahagirdar D, et al.Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980–2017, and forecasts to 2030, for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017.Lancet HIV. 2019;6(12):e831-59. doi:10.1016/S2352-3018(19)30196-1Hegdahl HK, Fylkesnes KM, Sandøy IF.Sex differences in HIV prevalence persist over time: evidence from 18 countries in sub-Saharan Africa.PLoS One. 2016;11(2):e0148502. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148502Autenrieth CS, Beck EJ, Stelzle D, Mallouris C, Mahy M, Ghys P.Global and regional trends of people living with HIV aged 50 and over: Estimates and projections for 2000-2020.PLoS One. 2018;13(11):e0207005. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0207005Waning B, Diedrichsen E, Moon S.A lifeline to treatment: the role of Indian generic manufacturers in supplying antiretroviral medicines to developing countries.J Int AIDS Soc. 2010;13:35. doi:10.1186/1758-2652-13-35Reuters.Africa to get state-of-the-art HIV drugs for $75 a year.Lolekha R, Boonsuk S, Plipat T, et al.Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV - Thailand.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(22):562-566. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6522a2Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.Preventing mother to child transmission.Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.HIV prevention: from crisis to opportunity.KFF.The global HIV/AIDS pandemic.Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.Russian Federation commits to reach 75% antiretroviral therapy coverage in 2019.Department of Health and Human Services.U.S. statistics.Department of Health and Human Services.Who is at risk for HIV?.Additional ReadingJoint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.Country: Mozambique.Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.Country: South Africa.Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Country:Uganda.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Rodger A, Cambiano V, Bruun T, et al.Sexual activity without condoms and risk of HIV transmission in serodifferent couples when the HIV-positive partner is using suppressive antiretroviral therapy.JAMA.2016;316(2):171-81. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.5148KFF.The HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States: the basics.Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.Global HIV & AIDS statistics—fact sheet.UNICEF.Elimination of mother-to-child transmission.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.CDC publishes new HIV surveillance reports.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Diagnoses, deaths, and prevalence of HIV in the United States and 6 territories and freely associated states, 2022.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.National HIV prevention and care outcomes.Pellowski JA, Kalichman SC, Matthews KA, Adler N.A pandemic of the poor: Social disadvantage and the U.S. HIV epidemic.Am Psychologist. 2013;68(4):197-209. doi:10.1037/a0032694U.S. Census Bureau.Income and poverty in the United States.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.HIV surveillance supplemental report: estimated HIV incidence and prevalence in the United States, 2017–2021.Lieb S, Fallon SJ, Friedman SR, et al.Statewide estimation of racial/ethnic populations of men who have sex with men in the U.S.Pub Health Rep. 2011;126(1):60-72. doi:10.1177/003335491112600110Gama A, Martins MO, Dias S.HIV research with men who have sex with men (MSM): Advantages and challenges of different methods for most appropriately targeting a key population.AIMS Pub Health. 2017;4(3):221-39. doi:10.3934/publichealth.2017.3.221Mullinax M, Schick V, Rosenberg J, Herbenick D, Reece M.Screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among a heterogeneous group of WSW(M).Int J Sex Health. 2016;28(1):9-15. doi:10.1080/19317611.2015.1068904U.S. Census Bureau.United States: Quick facts.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.HIV Surveillance Report.U.S. Census Bureau.Inequalities persist despite decline in poverty for all major race and hispanic origin groups.Earnshaw VA, Bogart LM, Dovidio JF, Williams DR.Stigma and racial/ethnic HIV disparities: Moving toward resilience.Am Psychologist. 2013;68(4):225-36. doi:10.1037/a0032705Department of Health and Human Services.Impact on racial and ethnic minorities.Hess KL, Hu X, Lansky A, Mermin J, Hall HI.Lifetime risk of a diagnosis of HIV infection in the United States.Ann Epidemiol. 2017;27(4):238-43. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.02.003Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Fast facts: HIV and women.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Estimated HIV incidence and prevalence in the United States, 2018–2022. 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The urgency of now: AIDS at a crossroads.Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.Ending AIDS: progress toward the 90-90-90 targets.Rautenbach SP, Whittles LK, Meyer-Rath G, et al.Future HIV epidemic trajectories in South Africa and projected long-term consequences of reductions in general population HIV testing: a mathematical modelling study.Lancet Public Health. 2024;9(4):e218-e230. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00020-3Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.Regional profile: Eastern Europe and Central Asia.Frank TD, Carter A, Jahagirdar D, et al.Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980–2017, and forecasts to 2030, for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017.Lancet HIV. 2019;6(12):e831-59. doi:10.1016/S2352-3018(19)30196-1Hegdahl HK, Fylkesnes KM, Sandøy IF.Sex differences in HIV prevalence persist over time: evidence from 18 countries in sub-Saharan Africa.PLoS One. 2016;11(2):e0148502. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148502Autenrieth CS, Beck EJ, Stelzle D, Mallouris C, Mahy M, Ghys P.Global and regional trends of people living with HIV aged 50 and over: Estimates and projections for 2000-2020.PLoS One. 2018;13(11):e0207005. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0207005Waning B, Diedrichsen E, Moon S.A lifeline to treatment: the role of Indian generic manufacturers in supplying antiretroviral medicines to developing countries.J Int AIDS Soc. 2010;13:35. doi:10.1186/1758-2652-13-35Reuters.Africa to get state-of-the-art HIV drugs for $75 a year.Lolekha R, Boonsuk S, Plipat T, et al.Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV - Thailand.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(22):562-566. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6522a2Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.Preventing mother to child transmission.Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.HIV prevention: from crisis to opportunity.KFF.The global HIV/AIDS pandemic.Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.Russian Federation commits to reach 75% antiretroviral therapy coverage in 2019.Department of Health and Human Services.U.S. statistics.Department of Health and Human Services.Who is at risk for HIV?.
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Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.Regional profile: Eastern Europe and Central Asia.
Frank TD, Carter A, Jahagirdar D, et al.Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980–2017, and forecasts to 2030, for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017.Lancet HIV. 2019;6(12):e831-59. doi:10.1016/S2352-3018(19)30196-1
Hegdahl HK, Fylkesnes KM, Sandøy IF.Sex differences in HIV prevalence persist over time: evidence from 18 countries in sub-Saharan Africa.PLoS One. 2016;11(2):e0148502. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148502
Autenrieth CS, Beck EJ, Stelzle D, Mallouris C, Mahy M, Ghys P.Global and regional trends of people living with HIV aged 50 and over: Estimates and projections for 2000-2020.PLoS One. 2018;13(11):e0207005. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0207005
Waning B, Diedrichsen E, Moon S.A lifeline to treatment: the role of Indian generic manufacturers in supplying antiretroviral medicines to developing countries.J Int AIDS Soc. 2010;13:35. doi:10.1186/1758-2652-13-35
Reuters.Africa to get state-of-the-art HIV drugs for $75 a year.
Lolekha R, Boonsuk S, Plipat T, et al.Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV - Thailand.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(22):562-566. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6522a2
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.Preventing mother to child transmission.
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.HIV prevention: from crisis to opportunity.
KFF.The global HIV/AIDS pandemic.
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.Russian Federation commits to reach 75% antiretroviral therapy coverage in 2019.
Department of Health and Human Services.U.S. statistics.
Department of Health and Human Services.Who is at risk for HIV?.
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Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.Country: Mozambique.
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.Country: South Africa.
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Country:Uganda.
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