Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsHome RemediesOver-the-CounterPrescriptionsSpecial ProceduresComplementary MedicineFrequently Asked QuestionsNext in Sore Throat GuideWhat Is a Sore Throat?
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Table of Contents
Home Remedies
Over-the-Counter
Prescriptions
Special Procedures
Complementary Medicine
Frequently Asked Questions
Next in Sore Throat Guide
Asore throatoften signals an oncoming cold. Home remedies may help with some types of sore throat, while others may require medical treatment. A sore throat due tostrep throat, for example, usually requires antibiotictreatmentin order to prevent serious complications.
This article discusses the various treatment options for sore throat, from home remedies to over-the-counter (OTC) medications, prescription medications, and more.
Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin
Mostsore throatsclear up on their own within one week.The following natural remedies and comfort care tips may help soothe your pain.
What to Do for a Dry Throat
Salt Water Gargle
Gargling salt water is a classicsore throat remedymay help relieve pain, break down mucus, and reduce swelling.
You’ll need to gargle a few times per day to feel results.
Liquids
Water is always a good choice, but here are two other options you can consider:
Warm lemon drink:Mix 1 teaspoon oflemonjuice orapple cider vinegar, 1 very small sprinkle of cayenne pepper, 1 teaspoon of honey, and 1/4 teaspoon of freshly grated ginger (optional) into a cup of warm water.
The benefits of this folk remedy haven’t been studied, but some say that capsaicin (a compound in cayenne) blocks nerves from sending pain signals,and the acid in lemon juice and vinegar makes it difficult for germs to survive.
Note that cayenne and vinegar can worsen pain and cause burns or irritation in the mouth and throat if consumed solo or in excess. Make sure you properly dilute these ingredients with enough water.
Tea:A warm (not hot) cup of black tea may provide some relief from a sore throat. Black tea (Camellia sinensis) contains compounds called tannins. These compounds are astringent, meaning that they can help shrink swollen tissues.
Some people find that gargling with warm or cold, double-strength black tea several times per day is helpful.
3 Health Benefits to Drinking Lemon Water
Honey
A study published in the journalPediatricsfound that people who consumed honey before bed coughed less frequently and severely. They were also less likely to lose sleep due to coughing than those who didn’t take honey.
Two teaspoons of honey before bed are recommended for adults and children over 1 year old. Add some to a warm beverage, or try it straight off the spoon.
Cold Foods and Warm Compresses
Try soaking a washcloth in warm water and applying it to the area for 20 minutes at a time. Avoid using any kind of heating device directly on your skin to protect yourself from burns.
Humidifiers
However, for use around children, it’s best to choose cool-mist to avoid hot water spills. You may also want to adjust your thermostat. For some people, a warmer room may lead to dryness, which can aggravate a dry, irritated throat.
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Therapies
You can use over-the-counterpain medicationsfor a sore throat, such as Advil (ibuprofen) and Tylenol (acetaminophen). If you are on blood thinners like warfarin or have liver problems, ulcer disease, or kidney disease, be sure to talk to your healthcare provider. They can help you decide which pain reliever is right for you.
If your sore throat is due to allergies andpost-nasal drip, you can try over-the-counter antihistamines such as Benadryl or Claritin. These reduce your mucus production during an allergy attack.
OTC Medications to Soothe a Sore Throat
While the above can help ease a sore throat, you’ll need more than that to get rid of it completely if thecause itselfrequires its own treatment.
Depending on the cause, your healthcare provider may prescribe one of the following.
Antibiotics for Bacterial Infections
Strep throat and scarlet fever require prescription antibiotics to cure the infection and prevent potentially serious complications, including rheumatic fever and kidney damage.
A 10-day course of penicillin or amoxicillin is commonly prescribed. For people who are allergic to these drugs, a first-generation oral cephalosporin such as cephalexin may be prescribed.Fortunately, relief typically comes within 24 hours of treatment.
It is important that you complete your course of antibiotics to fully treat the infection and decrease the chance of recurrent symptoms or resistant bacteria.
Antibiotics may also be prescribed for other types of bacterial infections that could becausing a sore throat. These drugs will not cure viral infections. However, they may be prescribed if your healthcare provider believes you are at risk of developing a bacterial infection on top of a known viral infection.
Corticosteroids for Adults With Severe Sore Throat
A single dose of oral corticosteroids may be used when an adult has a severe sore throat. This therapy is not considered for children.
Corticosteroids can be highly effective for relieving sore throat symptoms. One study showed that, compared to people who took antibiotics, people who took corticosteroids for sore throat pain were two times more likely to achieve complete relief within 24 hours.
Topical Anesthetic for Herpangina
Children may haveherpanginadue to the Coxsackie virus or echovirus, causing blister-like ulcers in the back of the throat. They rarely have severe pain. If they do, their practitioner may prescribe a topical anesthetic containing benzocaine or xylocaine.
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoDermNet /CC BY-NC-ND
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See Photo
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.
DermNet /CC BY-NC-ND
Allergy Medications
If you have a sore throat due to allergies, your healthcare provider may recommend prescription allergy medication or desensitization therapy to control allergy attacks.
Your healthcare provider may recommend a prescription-strength oral antihistamine such as Clarinex (desloratadine), which blocks the effects of histamine in the body. Or, they may recommend a nasal steroid such as Nasonex (mometasone furoate monohydrate), which reduces swelling and mucus in the nasal passages.
Desensitization therapy, also calledallergen immunotherapy, works more like a vaccine. For this therapy, a healthcare provider injects tiny amounts of a particular allergen into your skin in gradually increasing doses, allowing your body to build up immunity to it.
Medications for Acid Reflux and GERD
Narcotic Pain Relievers After Throat Surgery
If yourthroat is sore because of a surgery, such as atonsil removal, a thyroidectomy, or intubation, your healthcare provider may prescribe a narcotic pain reliever.
Because narcotic pain relievers can be habit-forming, they are typically only prescribed for short-term pain relief. Opioids, such as oxycodone and hydrocodone bitartrate, are commonly prescribed after a surgery.
Surgeries and Specialist-Driven Procedures
One possible complication of tonsillitis is anabscess, a collection of pus due to bacterial infection behind the tonsils. To treat it, your healthcare provider will usually drain it with a needle. Sometimes a doctor may need to make a small incision in the tonsil or tissue next to it to drain the pus in the abscess.
Tonsil removalmay be recommended for recurrent strep throat infectionsor in the case of a severe abscess.
Tonsillectomyused to be a common surgery for children who had recurring sore throats. It is less common now, especially in adults, and only done when there is chronic tonsillitis. It is usually performed as an outpatient surgery and doesn’t require an overnight stay in a hospital.
For asore throat due to acid reflux, treatment for GERD might includesurgeryif your symptoms don’t improve withmedicationor lifestyle changes.
Fundoplicationis the most common surgery used to control acid reflux. It is a laparoscopic procedure that is minimally invasive. In this surgery, the top of the stomach is wrapped around the loweresophageal sphincterto make it tighter and prevent acid reflux.
Another type of minimally invasive surgery implants a LINX ring device containing magnetic beads where the stomach meets the esophagus. The magnetic attraction of the beads is just strong enough to allow food to go into the stomach but keeps the lower esophageal sphincter closed to preventacid reflux.
Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM)
Some traditional herbal remedies have been used for a sore throat. Keep in mind that although many of these home remedies have been used for generations, there is still a lack of solid research on their effectiveness and safety.
For this reason, you should always check with your healthcare provider before trying a new supplement. Your healthcare provider will ensure that the supplement is safe and that there is no risk of it interacting with any other medication you may be taking.
Sage
Used in Europe as an herbal remedy for a variety of throat conditions, the herb sage (Salvia officinalis) has a number of compounds, such ascineole, borneol, camphor, and thujone. It also has astringent properties that may help ease sore throat pain and reduce swelling and inflammation.
Although it may provide some relief in the short term, the safety of regular or long-term use of sage supplements isn’t known. Pregnant or nursing women should avoid sage supplements.
Slippery Elm
Native to North America,slippery elmis an herb that has long been used in herbal medicine to soothe a sore throat, dry cough, orlaryngitis. Slippery elm is also found in some throat lozenges. When mixed with water, the inner bark of the slippery elm tree forms a thick gel (mucilage) that coats and soothes the throat.
Herbalists typically recommend pouring 1 cup of boiling water over 1/2 teaspoon of powdered bark. Stir, allow it to steep, then gargle once it has cooled.
Licorice
Licorice root(Glycyrrhiza glabra) has a long history of use as an herbal remedy for a sore throat. According to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), licorice root is sometimes used as a remedy for stomach ulcers,allergies,canker sores, and viral infections.
Licorice is a common ingredient in herbal teas, lozenges, and throat drops for a sore throat. It has a naturally sweet taste.
Licorice in large amounts may lead to high blood pressure, salt and water retention, and low potassium levels. It may also affect levels of the hormone cortisol. It should not be combined with diuretics, corticosteroids, or other medications that reduce potassium levels in the body.
People with heart disease, kidney disease, or high blood pressure should avoid licorice. Pregnant women should not take licorice.
Marshmallow
Marshmallow, an herb that grows in North America and Europe, has been used for centuries as a home remedy for a sore throat. Like slippery elm, marshmallow contains mucilage.
Consult a healthcare provider before taking marshmallow if you have diabetes, as it may make your blood sugar too low, especially when combined with diabetes medication.
Summary
Most sore throats clear up on their own within a week. Simple remedies like a salt water gargle and a little honey before bed can help ease throat pain.
A Word From Verywell
Be sure to consult your healthcare provider if your sore throat is very painful, lasts more than a few days, or if you haveother symptoms.If you have strep throat, you should start to feel better within just a day or two after starting antibiotics. If you still don’t feel better after 48 hours have passed, give your healthcare provider a call.
Stick to soup, ice cream, and othersoft-textured foodsthat will slip past your sore throat easily until it feels better.
They can, but not always. Many spicy foods contain capsaicin, a compound in peppers that has been found to provide relief for certain types of pain.When used sparingly, hot sauce may actually help soothe a sore throat.
You have a number of safe options, depending on the cause of your sore throat and your healthcare provider’s advice, including:Tylenol (acetaminophen):Don’t take more than 3,000 milligrams (mg) in 24 hours.Antihistamines:These might help if you havepost-nasal dripdue to a cold or allergy.Benzocaine:Either a spray or lozenge containing this medication can numb a sore throat.Chloraseptic:Also available as a spray or lozenge that can ease pain at the site.You should always check with your obstetrician before starting any medications during pregnancy.
You have a number of safe options, depending on the cause of your sore throat and your healthcare provider’s advice, including:
You should always check with your obstetrician before starting any medications during pregnancy.
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27 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Al-Hamad AM. Streptococcal throat.Therapeutic options and macrolide resistance.Saudi Med J. 2015;36(9):1128–1129. doi:10.15537/smj.2015.9.11987Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Sore throat.O’Neill J, Brock C, Olesen AE, Andresen T, Nilsson M, Dickenson AH.Unravelling the mystery of capsaicin: a tool to understand and treat pain.Pharmacol Rev. 2012;64(4):939–971. doi:10.1124/pr.112.006163Ashkin E, Mounsey A.A spoonful of honey helps a coughing child sleep.J Fam Pract. 2013;62(3):145-147.Cohen H, Rozen J, Kristal H, et al.Effect of honey on nocturnal cough and sleep quality: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.Pediatrics. 2012;130(3):465-471. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-3075Johns Hopkins Medicine.Ice packs vs. warm compresses for pain.National Library of Medicine: DailyMed.Chloraseptic childrens sore throat cherry—phenol spray[drug label].National Library of Medicine: DailyMed.Cepacol extra strength sore throat cherry—benzocaine and menthol lozenge[drug label].Alhamoud MA, Salloot IZZ, Mohiuddin SS, et al.A comprehensive review study on glomerulonephritis associated with post-streptococcal infection.Cureus. 2021;13(12):e20212. doi:10.7759/cureus.20212Hamilton JL, McCrea Ii L.Streptococcal pharyngitis: rapid evidence review.Am Fam Physician. 2024;109(4):343-349.Sadeghirad B, Siemieniuk RAC, Brignardello-Petersen R, et al.Corticosteroids for treatment of sore throat: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.BMJ. 2017;358(1):j3887. doi:10.1136/bmj.j3887Verry C, Martin E, Starrett J.Are oral steroids effective in reducing symptoms of sore throat?.Ev Based Pract. 2020;23(10):32. doi:10.1097/EBP.0000000000000645National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Nasal corticosteroid sprays.UpToDate.Allergen immunotherapy for allergic disease: therapeutic mechanisms.Chua K, Harbaugh C, Brummett C, et al.Association of perioperative opioid prescriptions with risk of complications after tonsillectomy in children.JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019;145(10):911. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2019.2107Nemours Foundation.Peritonsillar abscess.TeensHealth.Morad A, Sathe NA, Francis DO, McPheeters ML, Chinnadurai S.Tonsillectomy versus watchful waiting for recurrent throat infection: A systematic review.Pediatrics. 2017;139(2):e20163490. doi:10.1542/peds.2016-3490Bonavina L, Saino G, Lipham J, DeMeester T.LINX Reflux Management System in chronic gastroesophageal reflux: a novel effective technology for restoring the natural barrier to reflux.Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2013;6(4):261-268. doi:10.1177/1756283X13486311Hamidpour M, Hamidpour R, Hamidpour S, Shahlari M.Chemistry, pharmacology, and medicinal property of sage (Salvia) to prevent and cure illnesses such as obesity, diabetes, depression, dementia, lupus, autism, heart disease, and cancer.J Tradit Complement Med. 2014;4(2):82-88. doi:10.4103/2225-4110.130373National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Licorice root.Mount Sinai.Licorice.Mount Sinai.Marshmallow information.Renner B, Mueller CA, Shephard A.Environmental and non-infectious factors in the aetiology of pharyngitis (sore throat).Inflamm Res. 2012;61(10):1041–1052. doi:10.1007/s00011-012-0540-9Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Testing for strep throat or scarlet fever.Penn Medicine.6 at-home remedies to ease your sore throat.Chung M-K, Campbell JN.Use of capsaicin to treat pain: mechanistic and therapeutic considerations.Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2016;9(4). doi:10.3390/ph9040066UT Southwestern Medical Center.Which over-the-counter pain medications are safe during pregnancy?.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Al-Hamad AM. Streptococcal throat.Therapeutic options and macrolide resistance.Saudi Med J. 2015;36(9):1128–1129. doi:10.15537/smj.2015.9.11987Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Sore throat.O’Neill J, Brock C, Olesen AE, Andresen T, Nilsson M, Dickenson AH.Unravelling the mystery of capsaicin: a tool to understand and treat pain.Pharmacol Rev. 2012;64(4):939–971. doi:10.1124/pr.112.006163Ashkin E, Mounsey A.A spoonful of honey helps a coughing child sleep.J Fam Pract. 2013;62(3):145-147.Cohen H, Rozen J, Kristal H, et al.Effect of honey on nocturnal cough and sleep quality: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.Pediatrics. 2012;130(3):465-471. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-3075Johns Hopkins Medicine.Ice packs vs. warm compresses for pain.National Library of Medicine: DailyMed.Chloraseptic childrens sore throat cherry—phenol spray[drug label].National Library of Medicine: DailyMed.Cepacol extra strength sore throat cherry—benzocaine and menthol lozenge[drug label].Alhamoud MA, Salloot IZZ, Mohiuddin SS, et al.A comprehensive review study on glomerulonephritis associated with post-streptococcal infection.Cureus. 2021;13(12):e20212. doi:10.7759/cureus.20212Hamilton JL, McCrea Ii L.Streptococcal pharyngitis: rapid evidence review.Am Fam Physician. 2024;109(4):343-349.Sadeghirad B, Siemieniuk RAC, Brignardello-Petersen R, et al.Corticosteroids for treatment of sore throat: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.BMJ. 2017;358(1):j3887. doi:10.1136/bmj.j3887Verry C, Martin E, Starrett J.Are oral steroids effective in reducing symptoms of sore throat?.Ev Based Pract. 2020;23(10):32. doi:10.1097/EBP.0000000000000645National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Nasal corticosteroid sprays.UpToDate.Allergen immunotherapy for allergic disease: therapeutic mechanisms.Chua K, Harbaugh C, Brummett C, et al.Association of perioperative opioid prescriptions with risk of complications after tonsillectomy in children.JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019;145(10):911. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2019.2107Nemours Foundation.Peritonsillar abscess.TeensHealth.Morad A, Sathe NA, Francis DO, McPheeters ML, Chinnadurai S.Tonsillectomy versus watchful waiting for recurrent throat infection: A systematic review.Pediatrics. 2017;139(2):e20163490. doi:10.1542/peds.2016-3490Bonavina L, Saino G, Lipham J, DeMeester T.LINX Reflux Management System in chronic gastroesophageal reflux: a novel effective technology for restoring the natural barrier to reflux.Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2013;6(4):261-268. doi:10.1177/1756283X13486311Hamidpour M, Hamidpour R, Hamidpour S, Shahlari M.Chemistry, pharmacology, and medicinal property of sage (Salvia) to prevent and cure illnesses such as obesity, diabetes, depression, dementia, lupus, autism, heart disease, and cancer.J Tradit Complement Med. 2014;4(2):82-88. doi:10.4103/2225-4110.130373National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Licorice root.Mount Sinai.Licorice.Mount Sinai.Marshmallow information.Renner B, Mueller CA, Shephard A.Environmental and non-infectious factors in the aetiology of pharyngitis (sore throat).Inflamm Res. 2012;61(10):1041–1052. doi:10.1007/s00011-012-0540-9Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Testing for strep throat or scarlet fever.Penn Medicine.6 at-home remedies to ease your sore throat.Chung M-K, Campbell JN.Use of capsaicin to treat pain: mechanistic and therapeutic considerations.Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2016;9(4). doi:10.3390/ph9040066UT Southwestern Medical Center.Which over-the-counter pain medications are safe during pregnancy?.
Al-Hamad AM. Streptococcal throat.Therapeutic options and macrolide resistance.Saudi Med J. 2015;36(9):1128–1129. doi:10.15537/smj.2015.9.11987
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Sore throat.
O’Neill J, Brock C, Olesen AE, Andresen T, Nilsson M, Dickenson AH.Unravelling the mystery of capsaicin: a tool to understand and treat pain.Pharmacol Rev. 2012;64(4):939–971. doi:10.1124/pr.112.006163
Ashkin E, Mounsey A.A spoonful of honey helps a coughing child sleep.J Fam Pract. 2013;62(3):145-147.
Cohen H, Rozen J, Kristal H, et al.Effect of honey on nocturnal cough and sleep quality: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.Pediatrics. 2012;130(3):465-471. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-3075
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Ice packs vs. warm compresses for pain.
National Library of Medicine: DailyMed.Chloraseptic childrens sore throat cherry—phenol spray[drug label].
National Library of Medicine: DailyMed.Cepacol extra strength sore throat cherry—benzocaine and menthol lozenge[drug label].
Alhamoud MA, Salloot IZZ, Mohiuddin SS, et al.A comprehensive review study on glomerulonephritis associated with post-streptococcal infection.Cureus. 2021;13(12):e20212. doi:10.7759/cureus.20212
Hamilton JL, McCrea Ii L.Streptococcal pharyngitis: rapid evidence review.Am Fam Physician. 2024;109(4):343-349.
Sadeghirad B, Siemieniuk RAC, Brignardello-Petersen R, et al.Corticosteroids for treatment of sore throat: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.BMJ. 2017;358(1):j3887. doi:10.1136/bmj.j3887
Verry C, Martin E, Starrett J.Are oral steroids effective in reducing symptoms of sore throat?.Ev Based Pract. 2020;23(10):32. doi:10.1097/EBP.0000000000000645
National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Nasal corticosteroid sprays.
UpToDate.Allergen immunotherapy for allergic disease: therapeutic mechanisms.
Chua K, Harbaugh C, Brummett C, et al.Association of perioperative opioid prescriptions with risk of complications after tonsillectomy in children.JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019;145(10):911. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2019.2107
Nemours Foundation.Peritonsillar abscess.TeensHealth.
Morad A, Sathe NA, Francis DO, McPheeters ML, Chinnadurai S.Tonsillectomy versus watchful waiting for recurrent throat infection: A systematic review.Pediatrics. 2017;139(2):e20163490. doi:10.1542/peds.2016-3490
Bonavina L, Saino G, Lipham J, DeMeester T.LINX Reflux Management System in chronic gastroesophageal reflux: a novel effective technology for restoring the natural barrier to reflux.Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2013;6(4):261-268. doi:10.1177/1756283X13486311
Hamidpour M, Hamidpour R, Hamidpour S, Shahlari M.Chemistry, pharmacology, and medicinal property of sage (Salvia) to prevent and cure illnesses such as obesity, diabetes, depression, dementia, lupus, autism, heart disease, and cancer.J Tradit Complement Med. 2014;4(2):82-88. doi:10.4103/2225-4110.130373
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Licorice root.
Mount Sinai.Licorice.
Mount Sinai.Marshmallow information.
Renner B, Mueller CA, Shephard A.Environmental and non-infectious factors in the aetiology of pharyngitis (sore throat).Inflamm Res. 2012;61(10):1041–1052. doi:10.1007/s00011-012-0540-9
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Testing for strep throat or scarlet fever.
Penn Medicine.6 at-home remedies to ease your sore throat.
Chung M-K, Campbell JN.Use of capsaicin to treat pain: mechanistic and therapeutic considerations.Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2016;9(4). doi:10.3390/ph9040066
UT Southwestern Medical Center.Which over-the-counter pain medications are safe during pregnancy?.
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