Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsPrescriptionsPT and OTLifestyleCAMExperimentalNext in Multiple Sclerosis GuideLiving With Multiple Sclerosis
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Table of Contents
Prescriptions
PT and OT
Lifestyle
CAM
Experimental
Next in Multiple Sclerosis Guide
If you’ve been diagnosed withmultiple sclerosis(MS), it’s time to start exploring treatment options. You’ve got a lot of them, everything from disease-modifying therapies and drugs that help manage symptoms to rehabilitation strategies and lifestyle changes that will help you live better.
There is no cure forMS—yet—but youcanlive well with this disease. A big part of that is working with your healthcare provider to find the treatment regimen that’s best for you.
Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee
Prescription medications for MS fall into two broad categories:disease-modifying therapies(DMTs), which slow the progression of the disease, and drugs that help manage your symptoms.
Disease-Modifying Therapies
DMTs are an importantfirst step to treating your MS. While they won’t directly help your symptoms, they work behind the scenes to slow down your condition.
Studies on disease-modifying medications for MS suggest that they not only decrease the number ofrelapsesyou have, but also make those relapses less severe. In addition, disease-modifying medications are believed to decrease the number and size oflesions(as seen onMRIs of the brain and spinal cord) and slow the overall progression of MS.
Because of the beneficial long-term impact DMTs can have, the National MS Society strongly advises people to begin these drugs as soon as possible after diagnosis. The earlier you start, the better chance you have of reducing your symptom load and preserving your function.
DMTs come in three different forms: injections, oral therapies, andIV infusions. Many DMTs have been FDA-approved to treatrelapsing forms of MSin adults, which includes relapsing-remitting MS and secondary progressive MS that involves relapses.
Many DMT drugs are also approved to treatclinically isolated syndrome—this includes all of the injectable medications, many of the oral drugs, and two of the infusion drugs: Ocrevus (ocrelizumab) and Tysabri (natalizumab).
Ocrevus (ocrelizumab) and Ocrevus Zunovo (ocrelizumab and hyaluronidase) are also approved to treat primary progressive MS, and Novantrone (mitoxantrone) is approved forsecondary-progressive MS,progressive-relapsing MS,and worsening relapsing-remitting MS.
Injections
Injectable DMTs are injected either into a muscle (intramuscular) or underneath the skin into your fatty tissues (subcutaneous). These are older therapies.
Beta Interferon Drugs
Interferons are proteins that your immune system creates in order to combat a viral infection. Five of the injectable medications used for MS are beta interferon drugs:
In people with MS, it’s believed that interferon therapies alter the autoimmune response, leading to fewer attacks on the myelin in your brain and spinal cord and, thus, fewer MS symptoms.
Interferon therapies are generally well tolerated but may cause pain or redness at the skin site where the medicine is injected. In addition, some people experience flu-like symptoms, but that usually stops happening as treatment continues.
Depending on the specific interferon you are taking, your healthcare provider may monitor bloodwork (like liver or blood cell tests) or ask you questions about your medical history before prescribing it. For instance, your practitioner may ask if you have a history of depression, which can worsen on interferon therapy.
Copaxone, Glatopa
Also in the injectable category are Copaxone and Glatopa (glatiramer acetate). Scientists believe glatiramer acetate mimics a protein found in myelin and distracts your immune system from attacking the real thing.
A common side effect of Copaxone and Glatopa is a reaction at the injection site, similar to interferon therapy. Rotating injection sites and using a warm compress prior to injecting can help minimize the reaction.
Also, about 16% of people who take Copaxone or Glatopa experience a racing heart or anxiety after injection.While this can be scary, it usually goes away within 15 minutes and doesn’t have any long-term consequences.
Ocrevus Zunovo
Ocrevus Zunovo is approved for the treatment of primary progressive MS and relapsing forms of MS, including clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease in adults. Ocrevus Zunovo is a subcutaneous injection given every 6 months. An Ocerevus infusion is an alternative.
Oral Therapies
Oral DMTs are a good option for people who can’t tolerate or don’t benefit from injectable DMTs.
Common side effects of Gilenya include headache, diarrhea, cough, sinus inflammation, and pain in the back, stomach, arms, or legs.
Mayzent (siponimod) and Zeposia (ozanimod) are newer DMTs that work similarly to Gilenya. They are both tablets taken once a day. However, when you first start either one of these drugs, you have to work up to the regular dosage. Make sure you understand and follow the dosing directions exactly, and ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist any questions you may have.
Common side effects of Mayzent include headache and high blood pressure. For Zeposia, some common side effects include back pain, low blood pressure when you stand up (called orthostatic hypotension), and high blood pressure.
All three drugs—Gilenya, Mayzent, and Zeposia—can cause more serious adverse effects like blurry vision, breathing or liver problems, and infections. They sometimes slow down the heart, so you may need special testing before you start treatment or be monitored in a healthcare facility after your first dose.
Tecfidera(dimethyl fumarate) is a pill that’s taken twice daily. It activates a response in your body that’s designed to protect cells that are in distress. Exactly how this works in someone with MS is unclear.
Common side effects of Tecfidera are flushing, nausea, diarrhea, and stomach pain. Serious adverse effects include a severe allergic reaction, the development ofprogressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy(PML, a potentially fatal infection of the brain linked to theJC virus), and suppression of your body’s infection-fighting cells.
Vumerity is chemically similar to Tecfidera, which is why they share common side effects like flushing, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. People appear to tolerate Vumerity better than Tecfidera, especially when it comes to the gastrointestinal side effects.
Bafiertam(monomethyl fumarate) is another oral DMT that is similar to Tecfidera and Vumerity. It is also taken twice per day and has similar side effects, most commonly flushing and nausea. Rare but serious side effects include allergic reactions, PML, decreased ability to fight infections, liver problems, and shingles.
Since Aubagio can cause liver failure, your healthcare provider will check your liver blood tests prior to starting the medication and then periodically afterward. Aubagio is also contraindicated for pregnancy. Because Aubagio can cause major birth defects, if you are a woman of reproductive age, your practitioner might require you to use a reliable contraception method.
Mavenclad(cladribine) is for highly active relapsing forms of MS. The dosage schedule is unusual, with short periods of taking pills spread out over two years. This drug temporarily reduces your levels of T cells and B cells, but without continuously suppressing the immune system.
Possible side effects include herpes zoster virus infection, rashes, hair loss, and reduced neutrophil count (a type of white blood cell). It may also lower your body’s resistance to infections and cancer. People with kidney problems and those who are pregnant or breastfeeding shouldn’t take Mavenclad.
Infusions
A drug infusion is delivered through an IV needle or catheter, and you have to go sit at a healthcare facility to receive it. These DMTs are typically for more severe cases, and they can come with severe side effects.
Drugs for Treating Fatigue
Fatigue is among the most pervasive and ubiquitous symptoms of MS. Going well beyond “tired,” it’s a form of brutal, debilitating exhaustion that can make simple activities like getting dressed in the morning or concentrating on a movie difficult or even impossible.
Prescription medications that are sometimes used to help people with MS feel alert and be productive include:
Drugs for Treating Pain
Nerve-related pain(called neuropathic pain) isn’t like the pain of an acute injury, such as a broken arm or strained muscle. You can’t treat it effectively with typical over-the-counter pain relievers or even prescription pain drugs like Vicodin (hydrocodone). Nerve pain requires drugs that target overactivity in the nervous system.
The neuropathy of MS is generally treated with:
Spasticity(muscle spasms and rigidity) can also cause a lot of pain in people with MS. Muscle relaxants like Fleqsuvy and Ozobax (baclofen) may help.
Drugs for Other MS Symptoms
A Guide to Multiple Sclerosis Medications
Physical and Occupational Therapy
Depending on what your symptoms are and how they impact your life, you may benefit from physical oroccupational therapy. A therapist can teach you how to perform daily tasks in different ways or re-train muscles that haven’t been used due to pain.
Lifestyle changes may play a larger role in managing MS than you realize. While they’re certainly no replacement for DMTs or other medications, they can have a big impact.
Diet
Finding the diet that best alleviates your symptoms takes experimentation. It’s crucial that you involve your healthcare team in your decisions and pay close attention to any changes in your symptoms or overall well-being.
You can find a lot of advice out there about what diet is best for MS, and much of it is conflicting. What’s true of all the diets is that their effectiveness varies greatly from person to person. None of them have been researched enough to determine their effects on the course or symptoms of MS.
Diets that some people say help with MS include:
The National MS Society recommends a well-balanced diet that is rich in fiber and low in saturated fat.This type of nutrition plan is also heart-healthy and may help you lose weight or maintain a healthy weight.
The basic guidelines suggest eating:
Meanwhile, avoid or strictly limit processed foods, and cut back on sugar and salt.
When you make dietary changes, it’s a good idea to keep a log of what you’re eating and how you feel so you can look for patterns.
Two dietary supplements—vitamin D andprobiotics—have some evidence asMS treatments. Your healthcare provider or a nutritionist can help you determine appropriate dosages for you.
5 Popular Diets for Multiple Sclerosis
Healthy Sleep Habits
A vast majority of people with MS experience some kind ofsleep disturbance. Often, it’s MS symptoms that keep you from sleeping well. The disease can also directly contribute to sleep disorders such as sleep apnea, insomnia, and narcolepsy. Poor sleep may also be a side effect of medications.
As complicated as all that is, it’s important for you to first work with your healthcare provider to figure out what the culprits are.
Asleep logmay help you spot problems you would otherwise miss. If you struggle with establishing better habits, you may also benefit fromcognitive behavioral therapy.
The Nap ConundrumSleep experts say napping can lead to tossing and turning at night. When you have a disease that saps your energy, though, you may depend on them to get through the day. Keeping a sleep log can help you determine whether or not taking naps (or the timing of them) affects your ability to sleep at night.
The Nap Conundrum
Sleep experts say napping can lead to tossing and turning at night. When you have a disease that saps your energy, though, you may depend on them to get through the day. Keeping a sleep log can help you determine whether or not taking naps (or the timing of them) affects your ability to sleep at night.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
A range of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments have some evidence backing their use for treating MS. Again, these aren’t meant to replace standard treatments, but they may help alleviate symptoms and keep you functioning.
Many people with MS also explore mind-body therapies. These may help with some of your physical symptoms, but they can also help with your overall health, stress management, well-being, and morale.
Popular mind-body approaches include progressive muscle relaxation therapy, yoga, and mindfulness meditation.
Experimental Treatments
As researchers learn more about MS, different types of therapies are emerging. More medications similar to Tysabri, called monoclonal antibodies, are currently being explored.
Other therapies, like estriol andstem cell transplantation, are more controversial—mostly because there are no large scientific studies to back up their use.
Infusion Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Estriol
Research on estriol for treating MS is moving forward and, so far, results are promising. Studies show the hormone may reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are specialized immune system cells that cause inflammation in autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases such as MS.
A 2016 phase 2 trial found that estriol plus glatiramer acetate (the drug in Copaxone and Glatopa) reduced relapse rates in women with MS and was well tolerated for the two years of the study.
This study and others like it may pave the way for phase 3 trials, which will provide a clearer picture of what estriol may have to offer.
Stem Cell Transplantation
Stem cells are an intriguing option because they could, in theory, build you a new immune system—one that doesn’t target your myelin.
A 2016 Canadian study inLancetinvolved 24 people with aggressive relapsing-remitting or secondary-progressive MS, sustained disability, and very poor prognoses. Three years after stem cell transplantation, 17 of them (70%) had no MS disease activity, meaning:
In addition, seven and a half years after the transplant, 40% of participants had improvement in their MS-related disability.
That’s all really promising, but there’s a downside. For the process to work, the immune system has to be either wiped out or suppressed.
In theLancetstudy, it was fully wiped out. Because of that, one participant died of infection. Another developed severe liver-related problems and was hospitalized for an extended period of time. Others experienced side effects such asneutropenic feverand chemotherapy-related toxicities.
In a 2015 study published inJAMA, participants' immune systems were suppressed rather than obliterated. Results were similar to theLancetstudy, but with significantly fewer worrisome side effects, and no deaths or serious infections.
Large, randomized clinical studies are still needed to confirm the safety and effectiveness ofstem cell treatmentfor MS.
Living and Coping With MS
20 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Dargahi N, Katsara M, Tselios T, et al.Multiple sclerosis: Immunopathology and treatment update.Brain Sci. 2017;7(12):78. doi:10.3390/brainsci7070078National Multiple Sclerosis Society.Disease modification.Kieseier B.The mechanism of action of interferon-β in relapsing multiple sclerosis.CNS Drugs. 2011;25(6):491-502. doi:10.2165/11591110-000000000-00000Franscina Pinto E, Andrade C.Interferon-related depression: A primer on mechanisms, treatment, and prevention of a common clinical problem.Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14(7):743-748. doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160106155129Lalive P, Neuhaus O, Benkhoucha M, et al.Glatiramer acetate in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.CNS Drugs. 2011;25(5):401-414. doi:10.2165/11588120-000000000-00000U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Copaxone.Food and Drug Administration.Tascenso ODT label.U.S. Food and Drug Administration.FDA expands approval of Gilenya to treat multiple sclerosis in pediatric patients.Burness CB, Deeks ED.Dimethyl fumarate: A review of its use in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.CNS Drugs. 2014;28(4):373-87. doi:10.1007/s40263-014-0155-5National Multiple Sclerosis Society.Update: FDA-approved oral Bafiertam (monomethyl fumarate) now available for prescription.U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Highlights of prescribing information (Aubagio).Lemtrada REMs education program for prescribers.The Multiple Sclerosis Association of America.Long-term treatments for multiple sclerosis.Giesser B.Exercise in the management of persons with multiple sclerosis.Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2015;8(3):123-130. doi:10.1177/1756285615576663The Multiple Sclerosis Association of America.Wellness tips.Voskuhl R, Momtazee C.Pregnancy: Effect on multiple sclerosis, treatment considerations, and breastfeeding.Neurotherapeutics. 2017;14(4):974-984. doi:10.1007/s13311-017-0562-7Ali ES, Mangold C, Peiris AN.Estriol: Emerging clinical benefits.Menopause. 2017;24(9):1081-1085. doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000000855Voskuhl RR, Wang H, Wu TC, et al.Estriol combined with glatiramer acetate for women with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.Lancet Neurol. 2016;15(1):35-46. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00322-1Atkins HL, Bowman M, Allan D, et al.Immunoablation and autologous hemopoietic stem-cell transplantation for aggressive multiple sclerosis: A multicentre single-group phase 2 trial.Lancet.2016;388(10044):576-85. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30169-6Burt RK, Balabanov R, Han X, et al.Association of nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with neurological disability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.JAMA. 2015;313(3):275-84. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.17986
20 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Dargahi N, Katsara M, Tselios T, et al.Multiple sclerosis: Immunopathology and treatment update.Brain Sci. 2017;7(12):78. doi:10.3390/brainsci7070078National Multiple Sclerosis Society.Disease modification.Kieseier B.The mechanism of action of interferon-β in relapsing multiple sclerosis.CNS Drugs. 2011;25(6):491-502. doi:10.2165/11591110-000000000-00000Franscina Pinto E, Andrade C.Interferon-related depression: A primer on mechanisms, treatment, and prevention of a common clinical problem.Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14(7):743-748. doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160106155129Lalive P, Neuhaus O, Benkhoucha M, et al.Glatiramer acetate in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.CNS Drugs. 2011;25(5):401-414. doi:10.2165/11588120-000000000-00000U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Copaxone.Food and Drug Administration.Tascenso ODT label.U.S. Food and Drug Administration.FDA expands approval of Gilenya to treat multiple sclerosis in pediatric patients.Burness CB, Deeks ED.Dimethyl fumarate: A review of its use in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.CNS Drugs. 2014;28(4):373-87. doi:10.1007/s40263-014-0155-5National Multiple Sclerosis Society.Update: FDA-approved oral Bafiertam (monomethyl fumarate) now available for prescription.U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Highlights of prescribing information (Aubagio).Lemtrada REMs education program for prescribers.The Multiple Sclerosis Association of America.Long-term treatments for multiple sclerosis.Giesser B.Exercise in the management of persons with multiple sclerosis.Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2015;8(3):123-130. doi:10.1177/1756285615576663The Multiple Sclerosis Association of America.Wellness tips.Voskuhl R, Momtazee C.Pregnancy: Effect on multiple sclerosis, treatment considerations, and breastfeeding.Neurotherapeutics. 2017;14(4):974-984. doi:10.1007/s13311-017-0562-7Ali ES, Mangold C, Peiris AN.Estriol: Emerging clinical benefits.Menopause. 2017;24(9):1081-1085. doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000000855Voskuhl RR, Wang H, Wu TC, et al.Estriol combined with glatiramer acetate for women with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.Lancet Neurol. 2016;15(1):35-46. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00322-1Atkins HL, Bowman M, Allan D, et al.Immunoablation and autologous hemopoietic stem-cell transplantation for aggressive multiple sclerosis: A multicentre single-group phase 2 trial.Lancet.2016;388(10044):576-85. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30169-6Burt RK, Balabanov R, Han X, et al.Association of nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with neurological disability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.JAMA. 2015;313(3):275-84. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.17986
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Dargahi N, Katsara M, Tselios T, et al.Multiple sclerosis: Immunopathology and treatment update.Brain Sci. 2017;7(12):78. doi:10.3390/brainsci7070078National Multiple Sclerosis Society.Disease modification.Kieseier B.The mechanism of action of interferon-β in relapsing multiple sclerosis.CNS Drugs. 2011;25(6):491-502. doi:10.2165/11591110-000000000-00000Franscina Pinto E, Andrade C.Interferon-related depression: A primer on mechanisms, treatment, and prevention of a common clinical problem.Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14(7):743-748. doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160106155129Lalive P, Neuhaus O, Benkhoucha M, et al.Glatiramer acetate in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.CNS Drugs. 2011;25(5):401-414. doi:10.2165/11588120-000000000-00000U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Copaxone.Food and Drug Administration.Tascenso ODT label.U.S. Food and Drug Administration.FDA expands approval of Gilenya to treat multiple sclerosis in pediatric patients.Burness CB, Deeks ED.Dimethyl fumarate: A review of its use in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.CNS Drugs. 2014;28(4):373-87. doi:10.1007/s40263-014-0155-5National Multiple Sclerosis Society.Update: FDA-approved oral Bafiertam (monomethyl fumarate) now available for prescription.U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Highlights of prescribing information (Aubagio).Lemtrada REMs education program for prescribers.The Multiple Sclerosis Association of America.Long-term treatments for multiple sclerosis.Giesser B.Exercise in the management of persons with multiple sclerosis.Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2015;8(3):123-130. doi:10.1177/1756285615576663The Multiple Sclerosis Association of America.Wellness tips.Voskuhl R, Momtazee C.Pregnancy: Effect on multiple sclerosis, treatment considerations, and breastfeeding.Neurotherapeutics. 2017;14(4):974-984. doi:10.1007/s13311-017-0562-7Ali ES, Mangold C, Peiris AN.Estriol: Emerging clinical benefits.Menopause. 2017;24(9):1081-1085. doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000000855Voskuhl RR, Wang H, Wu TC, et al.Estriol combined with glatiramer acetate for women with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.Lancet Neurol. 2016;15(1):35-46. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00322-1Atkins HL, Bowman M, Allan D, et al.Immunoablation and autologous hemopoietic stem-cell transplantation for aggressive multiple sclerosis: A multicentre single-group phase 2 trial.Lancet.2016;388(10044):576-85. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30169-6Burt RK, Balabanov R, Han X, et al.Association of nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with neurological disability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.JAMA. 2015;313(3):275-84. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.17986
Dargahi N, Katsara M, Tselios T, et al.Multiple sclerosis: Immunopathology and treatment update.Brain Sci. 2017;7(12):78. doi:10.3390/brainsci7070078
National Multiple Sclerosis Society.Disease modification.
Kieseier B.The mechanism of action of interferon-β in relapsing multiple sclerosis.CNS Drugs. 2011;25(6):491-502. doi:10.2165/11591110-000000000-00000
Franscina Pinto E, Andrade C.Interferon-related depression: A primer on mechanisms, treatment, and prevention of a common clinical problem.Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14(7):743-748. doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160106155129
Lalive P, Neuhaus O, Benkhoucha M, et al.Glatiramer acetate in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.CNS Drugs. 2011;25(5):401-414. doi:10.2165/11588120-000000000-00000
U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Copaxone.
Food and Drug Administration.Tascenso ODT label.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration.FDA expands approval of Gilenya to treat multiple sclerosis in pediatric patients.
Burness CB, Deeks ED.Dimethyl fumarate: A review of its use in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.CNS Drugs. 2014;28(4):373-87. doi:10.1007/s40263-014-0155-5
National Multiple Sclerosis Society.Update: FDA-approved oral Bafiertam (monomethyl fumarate) now available for prescription.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Highlights of prescribing information (Aubagio).
Lemtrada REMs education program for prescribers.
The Multiple Sclerosis Association of America.Long-term treatments for multiple sclerosis.
Giesser B.Exercise in the management of persons with multiple sclerosis.Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2015;8(3):123-130. doi:10.1177/1756285615576663
The Multiple Sclerosis Association of America.Wellness tips.
Voskuhl R, Momtazee C.Pregnancy: Effect on multiple sclerosis, treatment considerations, and breastfeeding.Neurotherapeutics. 2017;14(4):974-984. doi:10.1007/s13311-017-0562-7
Ali ES, Mangold C, Peiris AN.Estriol: Emerging clinical benefits.Menopause. 2017;24(9):1081-1085. doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000000855
Voskuhl RR, Wang H, Wu TC, et al.Estriol combined with glatiramer acetate for women with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.Lancet Neurol. 2016;15(1):35-46. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00322-1
Atkins HL, Bowman M, Allan D, et al.Immunoablation and autologous hemopoietic stem-cell transplantation for aggressive multiple sclerosis: A multicentre single-group phase 2 trial.Lancet.2016;388(10044):576-85. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30169-6
Burt RK, Balabanov R, Han X, et al.Association of nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with neurological disability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.JAMA. 2015;313(3):275-84. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.17986
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