From surgical removal of the prostate to watchful waiting, there are a variety of options when it comes toprostate cancer treatments. These treatments cover a wide range of approaches and impact life expectancy differently. Here is what you should know about the available treatment options for clinically localized prostate cancer—and what research says about their ability to prolong life expectancy.Hero Images / Getty ImagesWhat Is Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer?If you have been diagnosed withprostate cancerand your healthcare provider has indicated that your cancer appears to not have spread beyond the prostate gland, you have what is known as clinically localized prostate cancer. Sometimes, healthcare providers will also call cancer that has spread into the lining of the prostate gland clinically localized.According to the U.S Department of Health and Human Services, about 90 percent of men with prostate cancer have localized prostate cancer, and it is typically considered low-risk, meaning patients can expect to live long after their diagnosis, in many cases evenwithout treatment.Treatment Options for Localized Prostate CancerIf you are diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer, you may be presented with a number of different treatment options. The most common include:Active Surveillance:Your healthcare provider may want to monitor your disease to see if treatment is necessary. With active surveillance, you will have regular check-ups with your healthcare providers. They may perform a physical exam, imaging, and/or biopsies regularly. If your test results change, your healthcare provider will discuss your options for starting treatment.Watchful Waiting:While some healthcare providers use the terms active surveillance and watchful waiting interchangeably, watchful waiting usually means that fewer tests are done. You will still visit your healthcare provider regularly, but your healthcare provider will discuss changes in your health as they relate to managing your symptoms, not curing your disease.Prostatectomy:Removal of the prostate, calledprostatectomy, is an option that has a strong likelihood of removing your cancer since you are removing the gland where it is located. However, this is an invasive procedure that can lead to other issues, which will be covered later.Radiation:Your healthcare provider may suggestradiationas a means of therapy that targets tumors with radiation, usually through daily treatments in a hospital or clinic over multiple weeks.Life Expectancy and Localized Prostate CancerSo how do these treatments affect life expectancy? In one study, researchers in Switzerland examined the treatment and outcomes of 844 men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer.They compared men who had beentreatedwith prostatectomy,radiotherapyand watchful waiting and found that at five years from diagnosis, the type of treatment made little difference to survival. When the researchers went to 10 years from diagnosis, they did find a difference in survival based on treatment, but it was fairly small.After 10 years, 83 percent of the men who had gotten a prostatectomy were still living, compared to 75 percent who had undergone radiotherapy and 72 percent who took a watchful waiting approach.Know Your Priorities When Deciding on Prostate Cancer TreatmentWhile this one study showed that people who get a prostatectomy may live longer, it’s important to understand the risks involved with each and to know your priorities. You may be quick to want to remove your prostate or get radiation treatment to get rid of the cancer right away, however, there are many quality of life issues to take into account:With active surveillance, your cancer may grow and spread.Choosing not to treat your cancer right away could lead to anxiety.Men who undergo radiation are more likely to have bowel problems.There is a chance you may losebladder control(stress urinary incontinence) after surgery.You may lose your ability to have an erection after surgery.The decision about how you will treat your prostate cancer is not one to be taken lightly. Discussing the risks and complications with your healthcare provider and your family, and thoroughly considering your priorities, can help you make a decision that feels right for you.
From surgical removal of the prostate to watchful waiting, there are a variety of options when it comes toprostate cancer treatments. These treatments cover a wide range of approaches and impact life expectancy differently. Here is what you should know about the available treatment options for clinically localized prostate cancer—and what research says about their ability to prolong life expectancy.
Hero Images / Getty Images
What Is Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer?
If you have been diagnosed withprostate cancerand your healthcare provider has indicated that your cancer appears to not have spread beyond the prostate gland, you have what is known as clinically localized prostate cancer. Sometimes, healthcare providers will also call cancer that has spread into the lining of the prostate gland clinically localized.
According to the U.S Department of Health and Human Services, about 90 percent of men with prostate cancer have localized prostate cancer, and it is typically considered low-risk, meaning patients can expect to live long after their diagnosis, in many cases evenwithout treatment.
Treatment Options for Localized Prostate Cancer
If you are diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer, you may be presented with a number of different treatment options. The most common include:
Life Expectancy and Localized Prostate Cancer
So how do these treatments affect life expectancy? In one study, researchers in Switzerland examined the treatment and outcomes of 844 men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer.
They compared men who had beentreatedwith prostatectomy,radiotherapyand watchful waiting and found that at five years from diagnosis, the type of treatment made little difference to survival. When the researchers went to 10 years from diagnosis, they did find a difference in survival based on treatment, but it was fairly small.
After 10 years, 83 percent of the men who had gotten a prostatectomy were still living, compared to 75 percent who had undergone radiotherapy and 72 percent who took a watchful waiting approach.
Know Your Priorities When Deciding on Prostate Cancer Treatment
While this one study showed that people who get a prostatectomy may live longer, it’s important to understand the risks involved with each and to know your priorities. You may be quick to want to remove your prostate or get radiation treatment to get rid of the cancer right away, however, there are many quality of life issues to take into account:
The decision about how you will treat your prostate cancer is not one to be taken lightly. Discussing the risks and complications with your healthcare provider and your family, and thoroughly considering your priorities, can help you make a decision that feels right for you.
7 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.Treating localized prostate cancer.Brawley S, Mohan R, Nein CD.Localized prostate cancer: treatment options.Am Fam Physician; 97(12):798–805.Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.What every man should know about radiation therapy for prostate cancer.Merglen A, Schmidlin F, Fioretta G, et al.Short- and long-term mortality with localized prostate cancer.Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(18):1944–1950. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.18.1944Matulewicz RS, Weiner AB, Schaeffer EM.Active surveillance for prostate cancer.JAMA. 2017;318(21):2152. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.17222Prostate Cancer Foundation.Bowel dysfunction.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Erectile dysfunction after prostate cancer.
7 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.Treating localized prostate cancer.Brawley S, Mohan R, Nein CD.Localized prostate cancer: treatment options.Am Fam Physician; 97(12):798–805.Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.What every man should know about radiation therapy for prostate cancer.Merglen A, Schmidlin F, Fioretta G, et al.Short- and long-term mortality with localized prostate cancer.Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(18):1944–1950. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.18.1944Matulewicz RS, Weiner AB, Schaeffer EM.Active surveillance for prostate cancer.JAMA. 2017;318(21):2152. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.17222Prostate Cancer Foundation.Bowel dysfunction.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Erectile dysfunction after prostate cancer.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.Treating localized prostate cancer.Brawley S, Mohan R, Nein CD.Localized prostate cancer: treatment options.Am Fam Physician; 97(12):798–805.Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.What every man should know about radiation therapy for prostate cancer.Merglen A, Schmidlin F, Fioretta G, et al.Short- and long-term mortality with localized prostate cancer.Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(18):1944–1950. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.18.1944Matulewicz RS, Weiner AB, Schaeffer EM.Active surveillance for prostate cancer.JAMA. 2017;318(21):2152. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.17222Prostate Cancer Foundation.Bowel dysfunction.Johns Hopkins Medicine.Erectile dysfunction after prostate cancer.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.Treating localized prostate cancer.
Brawley S, Mohan R, Nein CD.Localized prostate cancer: treatment options.Am Fam Physician; 97(12):798–805.
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.What every man should know about radiation therapy for prostate cancer.
Merglen A, Schmidlin F, Fioretta G, et al.Short- and long-term mortality with localized prostate cancer.Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(18):1944–1950. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.18.1944
Matulewicz RS, Weiner AB, Schaeffer EM.Active surveillance for prostate cancer.JAMA. 2017;318(21):2152. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.17222
Prostate Cancer Foundation.Bowel dysfunction.
Johns Hopkins Medicine.Erectile dysfunction after prostate cancer.
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