Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsHome Remedies and LifestylePrescriptionsSurgeries and ProceduresComplementary / Alternative MedicineFrequently Asked QuestionsNext in Migraine GuideWhat to Know About Migraine
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Home Remedies and Lifestyle
Prescriptions
Surgeries and Procedures
Complementary / Alternative Medicine
Frequently Asked Questions
Next in Migraine Guide
If you are prone tomigraines, prevention can go a long way toward improving your quality of life. In addition to lifestyle modifications, this can include medications, complementary and alternative (CAM) treatments, and in some cases, even surgical approaches.
Given how debilitating they can be, preventing migraines is the goal of anyone who experiences them. But prevention strategies can be particularly important if your migraines tend to be severe or last for several days, or if your migraine medication produces intolerable side effects or proves ineffective for you.
Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin
They say that the best offense is a good defense, and that is very true with migraines. Migraines often haveseveral triggers, many of which are tied to lifestyle, and avoiding them can often prevent an episode.The best aspect of this approach: It is side effect-free.
Keep in mind that not every lifestyle factor affects every person the same way. For example,certain foodsand sounds can be major migraine triggers for some people, but they might not affect you at all.
Migraine Self-Care: Diet, Avoiding Triggers, and More
Get Enough Sleep
Sleep deprivationis among the most common causes of migraine headaches. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend seven hours or more of quality sleep per night for adults. But if falling and staying asleep is consistently difficult or you often snore or gasp for air, you may want to talk to your healthcare provider to rule out the possibility of a sleep disorder.
A handful of adjustments can be made to your sleep environment to address things that may disrupt your sleep. You may benefit from hanging blackout shades to prevent light from creeping in, or setting your thermostat to a cool, comfortable temperature. It may also help to avoid caffeine and alcohol late in the day or eating right before bed.
How Getting Sunlight in the Morning Can Help You Sleep Better
Be Aware of Dietary Triggers
Some people get migraines after eating chocolate, soy products, nitrate-containing foods, monosodium glutamate(MSG), or food coloring. Because some food items contain multiple ingredients, it can be difficult to nail down which one is triggering your migraines.
If you experience migraines after consuming any type of food, write the incident down in a food diary to see if, over time, there is a pattern. Take note of the time you ate it and how much you consumed. Keeping a detailed food diary can be a useful part of an elimination diet. But this approach has its downsides as well; over time, an aggressive elimination diet could lead to nutritional deficiencies, so it’s not recommended to pursue this approach for more than two weeks.
On the flip side, emerging research has pinpointed a few potential “migraine diets.” In particular, the ketogenic diet has been proposed to decreasecGRPlevels, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the brain, all of which are closely associated with migraines.Still, more studies are needed to prove that the keto diet is specifically beneficial for migraine management.
Can a Migraine Diet Help Prevent and Manage Symptoms?
Steer Clear of Triggering Smells and Sounds
Loud noises and certain sounds are also known to trigger migraines in some people, but maintaining a quiet environment is often easier said than done. Studies have shown that setting aside time for silent meditation can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks.Consider stepping away for 10 minutes of meditation when your senses feel overwhelmed.
Keep in mind that holding a phone to your ear for a long time or wearing headphones can result in a migraine as well. You may find it beneficial to use a speaker when you have prolonged phone calls or a day full of remote meetings.
Manage Stress
Stress is a common trigger, and related migraines can occur both during and after a stressful situation.
When you are stressed, know that doubling down on your attention to other triggers can also go a long way. For example, make sure you get plenty of sleep when you’ve hit a hectic patch at work.
Regulate Your Caffeine Intake
Caffeine is a component in some over-the-counter migraine medications such asExcedrin (acetaminophen, salicylic acid, caffeine). That’s because caffeine can help control and prevent migraines. But for some people, ingesting caffeine actually induces migraines.
Caffeine is a vasoconstrictor (narrows the blood vessels), and migraine is associated with vasodilation. If your body becomes accustomed to caffeine-induced vasoconstriction, your natural vascular controls will adjust to that. It can take time (typically a few days) to adapt again when there’s a change in your routine.
Typically, it’s achangein your caffeine intake that affects migraines. For example, caffeine withdrawal can prompt an episode.
As is the case with most things, listen to your body. If you can tolerate some caffeine, it is best to keep your caffeine intake predictable and regular—both in amount and in timing.
If you notice, however, that caffeine consumption tends to trigger migraines, you might consider simply avoiding it altogether. Be aware that coffee, chocolate, cocoa, and tea all contain caffeine.
Avoid Bright Lights
Bright lightscan trigger a migraine or make symptoms worse during a migraine attack. If you sense that the lights around you are too bright, consider wearing sunglasses or dimming the lights when possible.
Interestingly, light—specifically green light—may have therapeutic benefits, andlight therapyhas gained a lot of attention for its potential to prevent migraines. Although more research is needed to determine the efficacy of this therapy, replacing some light sources around the house with green light bulbs and “migraine lamps” may be an effective and inexpensive form of preventive care.
Regulate Your Body Temperature
Migraines have been associated with temperature changes, including exposure to cold and heat.You can try to control your environmental temperature or dress in a way that prevents you from getting too hot or too cold.
If you feel a migraine coming on, or if you know that you have been exposed to one of your migraine triggers, using an ice pack on your neck, shoulders or forehead can reduce your chances of developing a full-blown migraine.Alternatively, using a warm pad might do the trick.
If you have more than three to five migraines per month (or more than five days of migraine headaches per month), your healthcare provider may recommend that you take dailyprescription medications for migraine prophylaxis (prevention).
Some of these medications are not formally indicated for migraine prophylaxis, but they are frequently used off-label for this purpose.
Over time, most people experience a fluctuation in the frequency and severity of migraines. You may need to use prescription migraine prophylaxis for years, or you may be able to discontinue it after a while when your migraines improve.
Keep in mind that medications used for migraine prophylaxis do notstop or reduce the pain of a migraine headachewhen you already have one.
Migraine Healthcare Provider Discussion GuideGet our printable guide for your next healthcare provider’s appointment to help you ask the right questions.Download PDFEmail AddressSign UpThank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up.There was an error. Please try again.
Get our printable guide for your next healthcare provider’s appointment to help you ask the right questions.
Download PDF
Email AddressSign UpThank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up.There was an error. Please try again.
Sign Up
Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up.
There was an error. Please try again.
Anti-cGRP Drugs
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (cGRP) inhibitors are a class of medications used for migraine prevention.
Treating Migraines in the MomentNurtec ODT is also approved to treat acute migraines, meaning migraines that have already started. It is the only medication available to both treat and prevent migraines.
Treating Migraines in the Moment
Nurtec ODT is also approved to treat acute migraines, meaning migraines that have already started. It is the only medication available to both treat and prevent migraines.
These medications are antibodies that block the cGRP receptor, which is a pain receptor. cGRP may also cause vasodilation (widening of the arteries), which is believed to contribute to migraine symptoms. By blocking the action of cGRP, blood vessels may maintain their normal width.
How Anti-cGRP Drugs Treat Migraines
Antidepressants
Antidepressants are indicated for the treatment of depression. However, they are often used for migraine prevention as well.
When used for migraine prophylaxis, antidepressants are typically prescribed at a lower dose than recommended for the treatment of depression. These medications, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants, interact with neurotransmitters that mediate pain.
It can take up to four to six weeks of daily antidepressant use before you notice a decrease in the frequency and severity of your migraine headaches.
Anticonvulsants
Several medications that are normally used forseizure controlcan reduce migraine frequency and severity when used on a daily basis.
These include:
Like antidepressants, these medications begin reducing the frequency and severity of migraines after about four to six weeks of daily use.
Blood Pressure Medications
Daily use of low-dose antihypertensives can be effective in reducing the frequency of migraine headaches for some people. Two forms of antihypertensives are particularly noted for their ability to prevent migraines.
Since these medications lower blood pressure throughout the body, they are not recommended if you have low or borderline low blood pressure.
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories
While it is not common, prescription-strengthanti-inflammatory medicationsare sometimes used for migraine prevention, particularly when inflammation is believed to be part of the cause.
Steroids
In general, when steroids are used for migraine prevention, they are used for a short period of time (one to two weeks).
Oral Contraceptives
Some women experience a decrease in the frequency and severity of migraine headaches when using oral contraceptives. This is more common for women who experiencemenstrual migraines, but some women with other migraine patterns benefit from using these drugs as well.
In some forms of migraine, mainly withmigraine with aura, oral contraceptives are very controversial, given that there may be anincreased risk of stroke. It is important to discuss the pros and cons of this treatment with your gynecologist as well as your neurologist.
Some formulations of oral contraceptives cancausemigraines for some women, so be sure to mention new symptoms to your healthcare provider if you are taking birth control. A change may be necessary.
Specialist-Driven Procedures
There are several procedures that are used to prevent migraine headaches. These are generally indicated if you haverefractory migraines, which are migraines that don’t improve with preventive treatments or treatments that are usually used to stop a migraine.
If you experience intolerable side effects from medications, then you may experience better results from a procedure.
Botulinum Toxin Injections
Botulinum toxin injectionsare used as a preventive strategy for migraine headaches.The effect can last for several months, and treatment often needs to be repeated after a few months. Over time, most people can experience longer periods of improvement, and injections may be scheduled less frequently.
A healthcare provider places the injections under the skin and into the muscle in several locations on the head. Botulinum toxin is a muscle paralytic and this action is believed to help prevent migraines for some people.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
Severalalternative therapieshave been shown to help with migraine prevention. These strategies tend to be safe, but they may or may not work for you.
Magnesium
There are two ways thatmagnesiumhas been used for migraines: acutely at the time of the headache in IV form, or daily for preventive care in oral form.
Magnesium, used orally at a dose of 400 to 500 mg per day, has been shown to reduce the frequency and severity of migraines.
Even though you can get it over-the-counter, do not use magnesium for migraine prevention without your healthcare provider’s approval, because it can interact with other medications.
Neuromodulation
A number of neuromodulation (nerve stimulation)deviceshave been approved for migraine prevention.These devices are placed externally on the head to produce vibrations that may help prevent migraines.
Cephalyis a small device that creates superficial nerve stimulation. It is placed on the forehead and turned on daily for 20 minutes to prevent migraines.
GammaCore is a handheld device that’s held on the neck to stimulate the vagus nerve. It is used daily to prevent migraines. It was initially approved for migraine treatment and has also subsequently been approved for migraine prevention as well.
Additionally, a remote neuromodulation (REN) device titled Nerivio Migra has demonstrated effective therapeutic relief from migraine pain in clinical trials. The device is worn on the upper arm for 45 minutes at a time and remote controlled through a smartphone app. Stimulating sensory fibers in this part of the arm has shown to be effective in modulating the sensation of pain.
Acupuncture
Acupuncturemay be as impactful as daily meditation when used for migraine prevention. Research studies that have reported the benefits of acupuncture formigraine preventiongenerally involved treatments ranging from several times per week to several times per month.
It can be hard to know the number and frequency of acupuncture sessions that it might take for you to see benefits, so talk to your healthcare provider and acupuncturist if you are planning to use this approach for migraine prevention.
Biofeedback
Biofeedback training has been found to be a valuable method of migraine prevention, potentially because it can help you find effective ways to cope with stress. The technique teaches people to recognize and alter physical responses that are not usually under voluntary control, such as blood pressure, breathing, and heart rate.
In a typical biofeedback session, a therapist will attach electrical sensors to specific parts of your body depending on what is being measured. Next, your therapist will walk you through a variety of mental exercises and relaxation techniques while a special measurement device records your physical responses.
One biofeedback session usually takes 30 to 60 minutes, and can be a valuable tool for uncovering how and when migraine triggers activate your body’s “fight-or-flight” response.
Meditation, Yoga, Tai Chi
These exercises, which are based on physical and cognitive control and awareness, have been found to be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of migraine headaches.Some research also shows that using yoga as a complementary therapy may increase the effectiveness of other preventive migraine medications or reduce the amount that a person needs to take.
Frequently Asked QuestionsYou may experience four phases when going through a migraine:Prodomephase, which can happen several hours before the migraine, causing symptoms like mood changes or fatigueAuraphase, which includes visual disturbances like blurry vision, flashing lights, or vision lossHeadachephase, which can last from several hours up to three daysPostdromephase, which happens after the headache, and may include body aches and trouble concentratingYou may be able to prevent a migraine if you recognize the early signs in the prodome or aura phases. If you know when a migraine is coming, you can treat your migraine early to help reduce or stop symptoms. This can include taking medication, minimizing triggers, getting enough sleep, and reducing stress.
You may experience four phases when going through a migraine:Prodomephase, which can happen several hours before the migraine, causing symptoms like mood changes or fatigueAuraphase, which includes visual disturbances like blurry vision, flashing lights, or vision lossHeadachephase, which can last from several hours up to three daysPostdromephase, which happens after the headache, and may include body aches and trouble concentrating
You may experience four phases when going through a migraine:
You may be able to prevent a migraine if you recognize the early signs in the prodome or aura phases. If you know when a migraine is coming, you can treat your migraine early to help reduce or stop symptoms. This can include taking medication, minimizing triggers, getting enough sleep, and reducing stress.
How Long Do Migraines Last?
19 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.U.S. National Library of Medicine. Medline Plus.Migraine.CDC.How much sleep do I need? Sleep and sleep disorders.Gazerani P.Migraine and diet.Nutrients. 2020 Jun;12(6):1658. doi:10.3390/nu12061658Martins B, Costa A.Migraine improvement during covid‐19 pandemic – a case report on the wonders of a mask.Headache. 2020 Sep;60(10):2608-2609. doi:10.1111/head.13964Gu Q, Hou J-C, Fang X-M.Mindfulness meditation for primary headache pain: a meta-analysis.Chinese Medical Journal. 2018 Apr;131(7):829-838. doi:10.4103/0366-6999.228242Lee MJ, Choi HA, Choi H, Chung CS.Caffeine discontinuation improves acute migraine treatment: a prospective clinic-based study.J Headache Pain. 2016 Dec;17(1):71. doi:10.1186/s10194-016-0662-5Horváth C.Alterations in brain temperatures as a possible cause of migraine headache.Med Hypotheses. 2014 May;82(5):529-34. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2014.02.004Tanik N, Saçmaci H, Aktürk T.The relationship between exposure to hot/cold weather and the clinical features of headaches in patients with migraine and tension-type headaches.Neurol Res.2020 Feb;42(3):239-243. doi:10.1080/01616412.2020.1723300Mohanty D, Lippmann S.CGRP inhibitors for migraine.Innov Clin Neurosci. 2020;17(4-6):39-40.Nurtec.com.Why Nurtec ODT?U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Office on Women’s Health.How are migraines treated?Herd CP, Tomlinson CL, Rick C, et al.Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2018 Jun;6:CD011616. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011616.pub2.Dolati S, Rikhtegar R, Mehdizadeh A, Yousefi M.The role of magnesium in pathophysiology and migraine treatment.Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020 Nov;196(2):375-383. doi:10.1007/s12011-019-01931-zYarnitsky D, Dodick DW, Grosberg BM, et al.Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) relieves acute migraine: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial.Headache. 2019 May;59(8):1240-1252. doi:10.1111/head.13551Da silva AN.Acupuncture for migraine prevention.Headache. 2015 Feb;55(3):470-3. doi:10.1111/head.12525Stubberud A, Varkey E, Mccrory DC, Pedersen SA, Linde M.Biofeedback as prophylaxis for pediatric migraine: A meta-analysis.Pediatrics. 2016 Aug;138(2). doi:10.1542/peds.2016-0675Vasudha MS, Manjunath NK, Nagendra HR.Changes in MIDAS, Perceived stress, frontalis muscle activity and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs usage in patients with migraine headache without aura following ayurveda and yoga compared to controls: An open labeled non-randomized study.Ann Neurosci.2018 Apr;25(4):250-260. doi:10.1159/000492269Kumar A, Bhatia R, Sharma G, et al.Effect of yoga as add-on therapy in migraine (Contain): A randomized clinical trial.Neurology. 2020 May;94(21):2203-2212. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000009473American Migraine Foundation.The timeline of a migraine attack.
19 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.U.S. National Library of Medicine. Medline Plus.Migraine.CDC.How much sleep do I need? Sleep and sleep disorders.Gazerani P.Migraine and diet.Nutrients. 2020 Jun;12(6):1658. doi:10.3390/nu12061658Martins B, Costa A.Migraine improvement during covid‐19 pandemic – a case report on the wonders of a mask.Headache. 2020 Sep;60(10):2608-2609. doi:10.1111/head.13964Gu Q, Hou J-C, Fang X-M.Mindfulness meditation for primary headache pain: a meta-analysis.Chinese Medical Journal. 2018 Apr;131(7):829-838. doi:10.4103/0366-6999.228242Lee MJ, Choi HA, Choi H, Chung CS.Caffeine discontinuation improves acute migraine treatment: a prospective clinic-based study.J Headache Pain. 2016 Dec;17(1):71. doi:10.1186/s10194-016-0662-5Horváth C.Alterations in brain temperatures as a possible cause of migraine headache.Med Hypotheses. 2014 May;82(5):529-34. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2014.02.004Tanik N, Saçmaci H, Aktürk T.The relationship between exposure to hot/cold weather and the clinical features of headaches in patients with migraine and tension-type headaches.Neurol Res.2020 Feb;42(3):239-243. doi:10.1080/01616412.2020.1723300Mohanty D, Lippmann S.CGRP inhibitors for migraine.Innov Clin Neurosci. 2020;17(4-6):39-40.Nurtec.com.Why Nurtec ODT?U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Office on Women’s Health.How are migraines treated?Herd CP, Tomlinson CL, Rick C, et al.Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2018 Jun;6:CD011616. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011616.pub2.Dolati S, Rikhtegar R, Mehdizadeh A, Yousefi M.The role of magnesium in pathophysiology and migraine treatment.Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020 Nov;196(2):375-383. doi:10.1007/s12011-019-01931-zYarnitsky D, Dodick DW, Grosberg BM, et al.Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) relieves acute migraine: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial.Headache. 2019 May;59(8):1240-1252. doi:10.1111/head.13551Da silva AN.Acupuncture for migraine prevention.Headache. 2015 Feb;55(3):470-3. doi:10.1111/head.12525Stubberud A, Varkey E, Mccrory DC, Pedersen SA, Linde M.Biofeedback as prophylaxis for pediatric migraine: A meta-analysis.Pediatrics. 2016 Aug;138(2). doi:10.1542/peds.2016-0675Vasudha MS, Manjunath NK, Nagendra HR.Changes in MIDAS, Perceived stress, frontalis muscle activity and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs usage in patients with migraine headache without aura following ayurveda and yoga compared to controls: An open labeled non-randomized study.Ann Neurosci.2018 Apr;25(4):250-260. doi:10.1159/000492269Kumar A, Bhatia R, Sharma G, et al.Effect of yoga as add-on therapy in migraine (Contain): A randomized clinical trial.Neurology. 2020 May;94(21):2203-2212. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000009473American Migraine Foundation.The timeline of a migraine attack.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
U.S. National Library of Medicine. Medline Plus.Migraine.CDC.How much sleep do I need? Sleep and sleep disorders.Gazerani P.Migraine and diet.Nutrients. 2020 Jun;12(6):1658. doi:10.3390/nu12061658Martins B, Costa A.Migraine improvement during covid‐19 pandemic – a case report on the wonders of a mask.Headache. 2020 Sep;60(10):2608-2609. doi:10.1111/head.13964Gu Q, Hou J-C, Fang X-M.Mindfulness meditation for primary headache pain: a meta-analysis.Chinese Medical Journal. 2018 Apr;131(7):829-838. doi:10.4103/0366-6999.228242Lee MJ, Choi HA, Choi H, Chung CS.Caffeine discontinuation improves acute migraine treatment: a prospective clinic-based study.J Headache Pain. 2016 Dec;17(1):71. doi:10.1186/s10194-016-0662-5Horváth C.Alterations in brain temperatures as a possible cause of migraine headache.Med Hypotheses. 2014 May;82(5):529-34. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2014.02.004Tanik N, Saçmaci H, Aktürk T.The relationship between exposure to hot/cold weather and the clinical features of headaches in patients with migraine and tension-type headaches.Neurol Res.2020 Feb;42(3):239-243. doi:10.1080/01616412.2020.1723300Mohanty D, Lippmann S.CGRP inhibitors for migraine.Innov Clin Neurosci. 2020;17(4-6):39-40.Nurtec.com.Why Nurtec ODT?U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Office on Women’s Health.How are migraines treated?Herd CP, Tomlinson CL, Rick C, et al.Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2018 Jun;6:CD011616. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011616.pub2.Dolati S, Rikhtegar R, Mehdizadeh A, Yousefi M.The role of magnesium in pathophysiology and migraine treatment.Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020 Nov;196(2):375-383. doi:10.1007/s12011-019-01931-zYarnitsky D, Dodick DW, Grosberg BM, et al.Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) relieves acute migraine: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial.Headache. 2019 May;59(8):1240-1252. doi:10.1111/head.13551Da silva AN.Acupuncture for migraine prevention.Headache. 2015 Feb;55(3):470-3. doi:10.1111/head.12525Stubberud A, Varkey E, Mccrory DC, Pedersen SA, Linde M.Biofeedback as prophylaxis for pediatric migraine: A meta-analysis.Pediatrics. 2016 Aug;138(2). doi:10.1542/peds.2016-0675Vasudha MS, Manjunath NK, Nagendra HR.Changes in MIDAS, Perceived stress, frontalis muscle activity and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs usage in patients with migraine headache without aura following ayurveda and yoga compared to controls: An open labeled non-randomized study.Ann Neurosci.2018 Apr;25(4):250-260. doi:10.1159/000492269Kumar A, Bhatia R, Sharma G, et al.Effect of yoga as add-on therapy in migraine (Contain): A randomized clinical trial.Neurology. 2020 May;94(21):2203-2212. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000009473American Migraine Foundation.The timeline of a migraine attack.
U.S. National Library of Medicine. Medline Plus.Migraine.
CDC.How much sleep do I need? Sleep and sleep disorders.
Gazerani P.Migraine and diet.Nutrients. 2020 Jun;12(6):1658. doi:10.3390/nu12061658
Martins B, Costa A.Migraine improvement during covid‐19 pandemic – a case report on the wonders of a mask.Headache. 2020 Sep;60(10):2608-2609. doi:10.1111/head.13964
Gu Q, Hou J-C, Fang X-M.Mindfulness meditation for primary headache pain: a meta-analysis.Chinese Medical Journal. 2018 Apr;131(7):829-838. doi:10.4103/0366-6999.228242
Lee MJ, Choi HA, Choi H, Chung CS.Caffeine discontinuation improves acute migraine treatment: a prospective clinic-based study.J Headache Pain. 2016 Dec;17(1):71. doi:10.1186/s10194-016-0662-5
Horváth C.Alterations in brain temperatures as a possible cause of migraine headache.Med Hypotheses. 2014 May;82(5):529-34. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2014.02.004
Tanik N, Saçmaci H, Aktürk T.The relationship between exposure to hot/cold weather and the clinical features of headaches in patients with migraine and tension-type headaches.Neurol Res.2020 Feb;42(3):239-243. doi:10.1080/01616412.2020.1723300
Mohanty D, Lippmann S.CGRP inhibitors for migraine.Innov Clin Neurosci. 2020;17(4-6):39-40.
Nurtec.com.Why Nurtec ODT?
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Office on Women’s Health.How are migraines treated?
Herd CP, Tomlinson CL, Rick C, et al.Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2018 Jun;6:CD011616. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011616.pub2.
Dolati S, Rikhtegar R, Mehdizadeh A, Yousefi M.The role of magnesium in pathophysiology and migraine treatment.Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020 Nov;196(2):375-383. doi:10.1007/s12011-019-01931-z
Yarnitsky D, Dodick DW, Grosberg BM, et al.Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) relieves acute migraine: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial.Headache. 2019 May;59(8):1240-1252. doi:10.1111/head.13551
Da silva AN.Acupuncture for migraine prevention.Headache. 2015 Feb;55(3):470-3. doi:10.1111/head.12525
Stubberud A, Varkey E, Mccrory DC, Pedersen SA, Linde M.Biofeedback as prophylaxis for pediatric migraine: A meta-analysis.Pediatrics. 2016 Aug;138(2). doi:10.1542/peds.2016-0675
Vasudha MS, Manjunath NK, Nagendra HR.Changes in MIDAS, Perceived stress, frontalis muscle activity and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs usage in patients with migraine headache without aura following ayurveda and yoga compared to controls: An open labeled non-randomized study.Ann Neurosci.2018 Apr;25(4):250-260. doi:10.1159/000492269
Kumar A, Bhatia R, Sharma G, et al.Effect of yoga as add-on therapy in migraine (Contain): A randomized clinical trial.Neurology. 2020 May;94(21):2203-2212. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000009473
American Migraine Foundation.The timeline of a migraine attack.
Meet Our Medical Expert Board
Share Feedback
Was this page helpful?Thanks for your feedback!What is your feedback?OtherHelpfulReport an ErrorSubmit
Was this page helpful?
Thanks for your feedback!
What is your feedback?OtherHelpfulReport an ErrorSubmit
What is your feedback?
