Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsOD vs. OSSphere (SPH)Cylinder (CYL)Axis (AX or X)ADD NumberADD vs. Powers for ReadersOther AbbreviationsWhat Do the Numbers Mean?Nearsighted vs. Farsighted Prescription
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
OD vs. OS
Sphere (SPH)
Cylinder (CYL)
Axis (AX or X)
ADD Number
ADD vs. Powers for Readers
Other Abbreviations
What Do the Numbers Mean?
Nearsighted vs. Farsighted Prescription
If you have less than perfect vision, you might be wondering how to read your glasses prescription. There are a variety of numbers, terms, and symbols on the prescription, and it can be difficult to know what they mean. However, there are important reasons why the prescription is written the way it is.
Eyeglasses prescriptions use the same standard format and common notations. This makes them universal, meaning that they can be read anywhere in the world.
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Providers who write eyeglasses prescriptions may include Latin abbreviations. While they have been used for a long time, Latin abbreviations are becoming less common.
OD is an abbreviation for the Latin termoculus dexterand refers to the right eye. OS is an abbreviation for the Latin termoculus sinisterand refers to the left eye.
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Sphere is abbreviated as “SPH” on a prescription and indicates whether you havenearsightednessorfarsightedness.
Nearsighted people have trouble seeing things that are far away. Farsighted people have trouble seeing things at all ranges.
The next number is the “cylinder” measurement. On your prescription, “cylinder” might be abbreviated as “CYL.”
The cylinder measures the amount of astigmatism in your eye. The number shows how much lens power will be needed to correct astigmatism. If there’s no CYL number on the prescription, that means your healthcare provider hasn’t found an astigmatism that needs to be corrected.
On your prescription, “axis” is sometimes abbreviated as “X” or “AX.” This number is an angle in degrees from 0 to 180. If you have astigmatism, this number points to where it is in your cornea, which is the clear covering of your eye. It is the part of your eye that does most of the focusing.
The ADD number notes how much power needs to be “added” to the distance prescription. This addition helps a person see better for reading and other activities that they do up close.
Younger people’s prescriptions usually do not have an ADD number. While some young people can have near-focusing problems, it usually develops as you approach 40.
Some people think the ADD number is the power needed for over-the-counter (OTC) reading glasses (or “readers”), but it’s not the same thing.
To get the right number, you need to do a little math.
To find the right reading glasses, add the sphere number to the ADD number. Next, look at the cylinder measurement and the axis measurement. Astigmatism is typically not corrected in over-the-counter reading glasses.
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You may also see a few other words or abbreviations on your eyeglasses prescription:
In addition to terms and abbreviations, eyeglasses prescriptions also include a lot of numbers. These numbers indicate how much correction your vision needs. The higher the number, the more correction your vision needs.
One of the numbers, the axis, refers to the location of your astigmatism. If you don’t have astigmatism, you won’t see an axis number.
You’ll also see some mathematical symbols like the plus sign (+) and minus sign (-). The plus sign refers to farsightedness and the minus sign refers to nearsightedness.
Being nearsighted means that you can see closer objects better than ones that are far away. This happens when light focuses in front of the retina instead of on it, possibly due to the shape of your eyeball or cornea.
If you are farsighted, distant objects appear clearer than closer ones. This happens when light focuses behind the retina instead of on it, again due to the shape of your eyeball or cornea.
Your glasses will be designed to correct your specific problem. The greater the number next to the plus or minus sign, the more correction you need.
Summary
Your eyeglasses prescription may include Latin abbreviations, numbers, and mathematical signs. These numbers are used to describe thecorrection you needin your glasses. A plus sign next to the number means you are farsighted, while a minus sign means nearsightedness. The higher the number, the more correction your vision needs.
What is astigmatism?Astigmatism is a curvature of the eye that makes your vision blurry or distorted. Some people are born with astigmatism while others develop it as they get older or in response to an eye injury. There’s no way to prevent it, but eyeglasses or contact lenses can help improve imperfect vision that results from it.
What is astigmatism?
Astigmatism is a curvature of the eye that makes your vision blurry or distorted. Some people are born with astigmatism while others develop it as they get older or in response to an eye injury. There’s no way to prevent it, but eyeglasses or contact lenses can help improve imperfect vision that results from it.
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4 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Vimont C, Turburt C.What do astigmatism measurements mean?American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Porter D.What is prism correction in eyeglasses?American Academy of Ophthalmology.
National Eye Institute. At a glance:Astigmatism.
Polasky M. Monocular Subjective Refraction. In:Clinical Procedures in Optometry. Lippincott; 1991:174-188.
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