Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsSourcesUsesSide EffectsShould I Take Inulin?DosageToxicitySimilar Supplements
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Sources
Uses
Side Effects
Should I Take Inulin?
Dosage
Toxicity
Similar Supplements
Inulin is a prebiotic, a compound that encourages the healthy growth of gut bacteria.Beneficial gut bacteria supportgut healthand immunity and reduce disease risk.
Inulin is found naturally in the roots of many foods, such as whole wheat, onions, garlic, and Jerusalem artichokes. It’s commonly extracted fromchicory rootand added to foods. Inulin is also fermentable fiber, meaning bacteria metabolize it in your large intestine.
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not regulate supplements the way it regulates prescription drugs. That means some supplement products may not contain what the label says. Whenchoosing a supplement, look for independently tested products and consult a healthcare provider, registered dietitian nutritionist (RD or RDN), or pharmacist.
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Sources of Inulin
Inulin is also a type ofoligosaccharidecalled a fructan. Fructans are a chain of fructose (sugar) molecules strung together.
To boost your fiber intake, focus on consuming a variety of whole foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and legumes.This way, you also avoid excess sodium and sugar.
In addition to food sources, inulin is available as a supplement.
Food Sources of Inulin
Inulin-rich foods include:
In addition to whole foods, manufacturers sometimes add inulin toprocessed foodsas a fat substitute.
Inulin may be called chicory root extract, inulin, oligosaccharide, or oligofructose on an ingredient list. Manufacturers sometimes add inulin to foods such as yogurt, protein bars, and cereals.
Currently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is working to ensure that the types of dietary fibers added to foods provide health benefits. It has provisionally approved inulin as one of these fibers.
Good ways to ensure you eat a wide range of fibrous foods include the following:Aim to eat at least one fruit or vegetable at every meal.Eat at least three servings ofwhole grainsdaily (e.g., whole-grain bread, oats, quinoa, barley, bulgur, brown rice, farro, and wheat berries).Eat a serving of nuts or seeds (¼ to ⅓ cup) daily.Make half of your plate non-starchy vegetables.Snack on fiber-rich foods like whole-grain air-popped popcorn, carrots with hummus or guacamole, and whole fruit with nut butter.
Good ways to ensure you eat a wide range of fibrous foods include the following:
Inulin Supplements
Inulin supplements are available in various forms, like powders, chewables, and capsules.
Most inulin supplements offer 2 to 3 grams (g) of fiber per serving. Ensure your total fiber intake from food and supplements aligns with your recommendations.
Inulin powder is an inulin supplement that you can add to foods and drinks. Inulin powder can be extracted from agave, Jerusalem artichokes, or chicory root.
Manufacturers may derive inulin supplements from Jerusalem artichokes, agave, or chicory root. Be sure to check the label for anything you may be allergic to.
Uses of Inulin
Inulin is considered a functional food, which means it has a potential benefit on health.Some people incorporate inulin-containing foods and supplements into their diet to support gut health, manage blood sugar, control weight, and reduce cancer risk. Some of these uses have more evidence than others.
May Improve Gut Health
A 2020 systematic review noted increases inBifidobacteriumand other health-promoting bacteria, such asAnaerostipes,Faecalibacterium, andLactobacillus, with inulin supplements. On the other hand, “bad” bacteria likeBacteroidesdecreased.
A 2019 study on 26 healthy adults consuming 15g of inulin-type fructans daily showed increasedBifidobacteriumand decreasedClostridialesandOxalobacteraceae. Participants reported feeling full longer and experiencing reduced unhealthy food cravings. However, these effects reversed three weeks after the study ended.
More research is needed.
May Help Blood Sugar Control
Research has explored inulin’s potential impact oninsulin resistance(when your body doesn’t respond to insulin as it should), a concern intype 2 diabetesand obesity.
A 2019 systematic review and meta-analysis of 25 clinical trials found that inulin-type carbohydrates (ITCs) significantly improved glucose control and insulin resistance but notbody mass index (BMI).
However, a 2021 study on 24 adults withprediabetes(impaired glucose tolerance, a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes) found that 10 grams of inulin a day did not help peripheral insulin sensitivity when body weight and composition were stable.
Another systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 clinical trials published in theEuropean Journal of Clinical Nutritionconcluded that inulin-type fructans (ITFs) reducedLDL or “bad” cholesteroland improved glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes.
Further research is needed for inulin’s impact on blood sugar control.
May Help Manage Weight and Appetite
In a 2017 clinical trial in children with excess weight orobesity, those given oligofructose-enriched inulin felt fuller and consumed less food than the placebo group after 16 weeks.
However, a systematic review featuring adolescents and adults published inAnnals of Nutrition and Metabolismhad mixed findings. After a year of supplementation, non-obese adolescents had a reduced increase in body weight and BMI. Results in adult participants varied, with some studies showing a positive impact on appetite and energy intake, while others found no significant differences.
More studies are needed to confirm whether inulin can effectively support weight management.
May Improve Heart Health
Inulin-type fructans (ITF) may benefit heart health. According to a systematic review, ITFs have reduced low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and body weight.
However, further studies are needed.
May Help Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Inulin may benefit people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
A review of preclinical and clinical data suggestedprebioticsmay positively impact the gut microbiome and mucosal barrier of people with IBD. It may also decrease intestinal inflammation. This may help with IBD symptoms.
Another study concluded that inulin intake positively affected bowel function for people with chronic constipation.
However, further study is needed.
Additional Uses
Some people also use inulin for the following:
There is little evidence to support inulin for these uses, but research is ongoing.
What Are the Side Effects of Inulin?
Your healthcare provider may recommend taking inulin for gut health, diabetes, insulin resistance, or appetite control. The FDA has categorized inulin as “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS).
However, inulin can cause gastrointestinal side effects, including diarrhea, bloating, and gas.
To minimize these side effects:
If you have apollen allergy, be cautious using chicory root, as it can triggeroral allergy syndrome (OAS).Chicory belongs to theAsteraceaeplant family, including sunflowers and daisies.
Anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction, is rare but can occur suddenly. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms, such as itching, rash, swelling, wheezing, or difficulty breathing.
Many people withirritable bowel syndrome(IBS) benefit from eating a low FODMAP diet. A low FODMAP diet restricts certain types of carbohydrates. These carbohydrates include fermentable oligosaccharides,disaccharides,monosaccharides, andpolyols(hence the acronym FODMAP).
Therefore, if you follow alow FODMAP diet, you will likely need to avoid inulin, since it is a fermentable oligosaccharide. However, you may be able to add it back into your diet if you find out it is not an offender for you. Working with a registered dietitian specializing in this type of dietary regimen is the best way to navigate such a scenario.
As with any medication or supplement, discuss supplementation with a healthcare provider first if you are pregnant or lactating.
How to Take Inulin
Always speak with a healthcare provider before taking a supplement to ensure that the ingredients and dosage are appropriate for your individual needs.
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025, you should aim for 25 to 36 grams of fiber daily (or 14 grams for every 1,000 calories per day).However, more than 90% of Americans fail to meet this recommendation.
There is no recommended dosage for inulin supplements. In some research, participants consumed 8 to 10 g of inulin. Many available supplements contain 2 to 3 g of inulin.
What Happens if I Take Too Much Inulin?
To avoid toxicity, be aware of the appropriate dosage (above) and keep the upper limit in mind. According to the FDA, studies have found no significant adverse effects in healthy adults who consumed as much as 40 grams of inulin per day.At high doses (greater than 40 grams),gasandloose stoolsare the most common adverse effects.
Some similar supplements include other prebiotics andfibers, such as:
Talk to a healthcare provider to determine which prebiotic or fiber supplement is right for you.
Summary
Inulin is a fermentable prebiotic fiber beneficial for a healthy gut microbiome. Some research supports its use for gut health, blood sugar control and diabetes, and appetite management. People also use inulin for cancer prevention and heart health, but there is less evidence to support those uses.
The FDA considers inulin a generally recognized as safe, or GRAS, food. However, side effects from larger doses may include gas and loose stools. In some cases, people who have certain pollen allergies may have allergic reactions to inulin from chicory root.
Onions, garlic, Jerusalem artichokes, leeks, wheat, and oats naturally contain inulin. Supplements are usually derived from chicory root.
22 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Oregon State University.Fiber.Popoola-Akinola OO, Raji TJ, Olawoye B.Lignocellulose, dietary fibre, inulin and their potential application in food.Heliyon. 2022;8(8):e10459. 2022. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10459Carlson JL, Erickson JM, Lloyd BB, Slavin JL.Health effects and sources of prebiotic dietary fiber.Curr Dev Nutr. 2018;2(3):nzy005. 2018. doi:10.1093/cdn/nzy005Food and Drug Administration.The declaration of certain isolated or synthetic non-digestible carbohydrates and dietary fiber on nutrition and supplement fact labels: Guidance for industry.Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.Functional foods. January 6, 2022.Le Bastard Q, Chapelet G, Javaudin F, Lepelletier D, Batard E, Montassier E.The effects of inulin on gut microbial composition: a systematic review of evidence from human studies.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;39(3):403-413. doi:10.1007/s10096-019-03721-wHiel S, Bindels LB, Pachikian BD, et al.Effects of a diet based on inulin-rich vegetables on gut health and nutritional behavior in healthy humans.Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(6):1683-1695. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqz001Rao M, Gao C, Xu L, et al.Effect of inulin-type carbohydrates on insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.J Diabetes Res. 2019;2019:5101423. 2019. doi:10.1155/2019/510142Mitchell CM, Davy BM, Ponder MA, et al.Prebiotic inulin supplementation and peripheral insulin sensitivity in adults at elevated risk for type 2 diabetes: A pilot randomized controlled trial.Nutrients. 2021;13(9):3235. Published 2021 Sep 17. doi:10.3390/nu13093235Liu F, et. al.Effect of inulin-type fructans on blood lipid profile and glucose level: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017;71(1):9-20. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.156Hume MP.Prebiotic supplementation improves appetite control in children with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled trial.Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;105(4):790-799. doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.140947Liber A, Szajewska H.Effects of inulin-type fructans on appetite, energy intake, and body weight in children and adults: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Ann Nutr Metab. 2013;63(1-2):42-54. doi:10.1159/000350312Talukdar JR, Cooper M, Lyutvyn L, et al.The effects of inulin-type fructans on cardiovascular disease risk factors: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Am J Clin Nutr. 2024;119(2):496-510. doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.030Akram W, Garud N, Joshi R.Role of inulin as prebiotics on inflammatory bowel disease.Drug Discov Ther. 2019;13(1):1-8. doi:10.5582/ddt.2019.01000Bărboi OB, Ciortescu I, Chirilă I, Anton C, Drug V.Effect of inulin in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (Review).Exp Ther Med. 2020;20(6):185. doi:10.3892/etm.2020.9315Kim CE, Yoon LS, Michels KB, et al.The impact of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplements and yogurt consumption on the risk of colorectal neoplasia among adults: a systematic review.Nutrients. 2022;14(22):4937. doi:10.3390/nu14224937Bakirhan H, Karabudak E.Effects of inulin on calcium metabolism and bone health.Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2023;93(1):85-96. doi:10.1024/0300-9831/a000700U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Science review of isolated and synthetic non-digestible carbohydrates.Cadot P, Kochuyt AM, van Ree R, Ceuppens JL.Oral allergy syndrome to chicory associated with birch pollen allergy.Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2003;131(1):19-24. doi:10.1159/000070430Rolnik A, Olas B.The plants of theAsteraceaefamily as agents in the protection of human health.Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(6):3009. doi:10.3390/ijms22063009U.S. Department of Agriculture.Dietary guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025.U.S. Food and Drug Administration.GRAS Notification - lnulin from Jerusalem Artichoke.Additional ReadingTufts Nutrition.Are You Getting Enough Fiber?Wolfram T.Prebiotics and probiotics creating a healthier you. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
22 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Oregon State University.Fiber.Popoola-Akinola OO, Raji TJ, Olawoye B.Lignocellulose, dietary fibre, inulin and their potential application in food.Heliyon. 2022;8(8):e10459. 2022. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10459Carlson JL, Erickson JM, Lloyd BB, Slavin JL.Health effects and sources of prebiotic dietary fiber.Curr Dev Nutr. 2018;2(3):nzy005. 2018. doi:10.1093/cdn/nzy005Food and Drug Administration.The declaration of certain isolated or synthetic non-digestible carbohydrates and dietary fiber on nutrition and supplement fact labels: Guidance for industry.Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.Functional foods. January 6, 2022.Le Bastard Q, Chapelet G, Javaudin F, Lepelletier D, Batard E, Montassier E.The effects of inulin on gut microbial composition: a systematic review of evidence from human studies.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;39(3):403-413. doi:10.1007/s10096-019-03721-wHiel S, Bindels LB, Pachikian BD, et al.Effects of a diet based on inulin-rich vegetables on gut health and nutritional behavior in healthy humans.Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(6):1683-1695. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqz001Rao M, Gao C, Xu L, et al.Effect of inulin-type carbohydrates on insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.J Diabetes Res. 2019;2019:5101423. 2019. doi:10.1155/2019/510142Mitchell CM, Davy BM, Ponder MA, et al.Prebiotic inulin supplementation and peripheral insulin sensitivity in adults at elevated risk for type 2 diabetes: A pilot randomized controlled trial.Nutrients. 2021;13(9):3235. Published 2021 Sep 17. doi:10.3390/nu13093235Liu F, et. al.Effect of inulin-type fructans on blood lipid profile and glucose level: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017;71(1):9-20. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.156Hume MP.Prebiotic supplementation improves appetite control in children with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled trial.Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;105(4):790-799. doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.140947Liber A, Szajewska H.Effects of inulin-type fructans on appetite, energy intake, and body weight in children and adults: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Ann Nutr Metab. 2013;63(1-2):42-54. doi:10.1159/000350312Talukdar JR, Cooper M, Lyutvyn L, et al.The effects of inulin-type fructans on cardiovascular disease risk factors: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Am J Clin Nutr. 2024;119(2):496-510. doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.030Akram W, Garud N, Joshi R.Role of inulin as prebiotics on inflammatory bowel disease.Drug Discov Ther. 2019;13(1):1-8. doi:10.5582/ddt.2019.01000Bărboi OB, Ciortescu I, Chirilă I, Anton C, Drug V.Effect of inulin in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (Review).Exp Ther Med. 2020;20(6):185. doi:10.3892/etm.2020.9315Kim CE, Yoon LS, Michels KB, et al.The impact of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplements and yogurt consumption on the risk of colorectal neoplasia among adults: a systematic review.Nutrients. 2022;14(22):4937. doi:10.3390/nu14224937Bakirhan H, Karabudak E.Effects of inulin on calcium metabolism and bone health.Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2023;93(1):85-96. doi:10.1024/0300-9831/a000700U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Science review of isolated and synthetic non-digestible carbohydrates.Cadot P, Kochuyt AM, van Ree R, Ceuppens JL.Oral allergy syndrome to chicory associated with birch pollen allergy.Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2003;131(1):19-24. doi:10.1159/000070430Rolnik A, Olas B.The plants of theAsteraceaefamily as agents in the protection of human health.Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(6):3009. doi:10.3390/ijms22063009U.S. Department of Agriculture.Dietary guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025.U.S. Food and Drug Administration.GRAS Notification - lnulin from Jerusalem Artichoke.Additional ReadingTufts Nutrition.Are You Getting Enough Fiber?Wolfram T.Prebiotics and probiotics creating a healthier you. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Oregon State University.Fiber.Popoola-Akinola OO, Raji TJ, Olawoye B.Lignocellulose, dietary fibre, inulin and their potential application in food.Heliyon. 2022;8(8):e10459. 2022. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10459Carlson JL, Erickson JM, Lloyd BB, Slavin JL.Health effects and sources of prebiotic dietary fiber.Curr Dev Nutr. 2018;2(3):nzy005. 2018. doi:10.1093/cdn/nzy005Food and Drug Administration.The declaration of certain isolated or synthetic non-digestible carbohydrates and dietary fiber on nutrition and supplement fact labels: Guidance for industry.Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.Functional foods. January 6, 2022.Le Bastard Q, Chapelet G, Javaudin F, Lepelletier D, Batard E, Montassier E.The effects of inulin on gut microbial composition: a systematic review of evidence from human studies.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;39(3):403-413. doi:10.1007/s10096-019-03721-wHiel S, Bindels LB, Pachikian BD, et al.Effects of a diet based on inulin-rich vegetables on gut health and nutritional behavior in healthy humans.Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(6):1683-1695. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqz001Rao M, Gao C, Xu L, et al.Effect of inulin-type carbohydrates on insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.J Diabetes Res. 2019;2019:5101423. 2019. doi:10.1155/2019/510142Mitchell CM, Davy BM, Ponder MA, et al.Prebiotic inulin supplementation and peripheral insulin sensitivity in adults at elevated risk for type 2 diabetes: A pilot randomized controlled trial.Nutrients. 2021;13(9):3235. Published 2021 Sep 17. doi:10.3390/nu13093235Liu F, et. al.Effect of inulin-type fructans on blood lipid profile and glucose level: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017;71(1):9-20. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.156Hume MP.Prebiotic supplementation improves appetite control in children with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled trial.Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;105(4):790-799. doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.140947Liber A, Szajewska H.Effects of inulin-type fructans on appetite, energy intake, and body weight in children and adults: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Ann Nutr Metab. 2013;63(1-2):42-54. doi:10.1159/000350312Talukdar JR, Cooper M, Lyutvyn L, et al.The effects of inulin-type fructans on cardiovascular disease risk factors: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Am J Clin Nutr. 2024;119(2):496-510. doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.030Akram W, Garud N, Joshi R.Role of inulin as prebiotics on inflammatory bowel disease.Drug Discov Ther. 2019;13(1):1-8. doi:10.5582/ddt.2019.01000Bărboi OB, Ciortescu I, Chirilă I, Anton C, Drug V.Effect of inulin in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (Review).Exp Ther Med. 2020;20(6):185. doi:10.3892/etm.2020.9315Kim CE, Yoon LS, Michels KB, et al.The impact of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplements and yogurt consumption on the risk of colorectal neoplasia among adults: a systematic review.Nutrients. 2022;14(22):4937. doi:10.3390/nu14224937Bakirhan H, Karabudak E.Effects of inulin on calcium metabolism and bone health.Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2023;93(1):85-96. doi:10.1024/0300-9831/a000700U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Science review of isolated and synthetic non-digestible carbohydrates.Cadot P, Kochuyt AM, van Ree R, Ceuppens JL.Oral allergy syndrome to chicory associated with birch pollen allergy.Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2003;131(1):19-24. doi:10.1159/000070430Rolnik A, Olas B.The plants of theAsteraceaefamily as agents in the protection of human health.Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(6):3009. doi:10.3390/ijms22063009U.S. Department of Agriculture.Dietary guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025.U.S. Food and Drug Administration.GRAS Notification - lnulin from Jerusalem Artichoke.
Oregon State University.Fiber.
Popoola-Akinola OO, Raji TJ, Olawoye B.Lignocellulose, dietary fibre, inulin and their potential application in food.Heliyon. 2022;8(8):e10459. 2022. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10459
Carlson JL, Erickson JM, Lloyd BB, Slavin JL.Health effects and sources of prebiotic dietary fiber.Curr Dev Nutr. 2018;2(3):nzy005. 2018. doi:10.1093/cdn/nzy005
Food and Drug Administration.The declaration of certain isolated or synthetic non-digestible carbohydrates and dietary fiber on nutrition and supplement fact labels: Guidance for industry.
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.Functional foods. January 6, 2022.
Le Bastard Q, Chapelet G, Javaudin F, Lepelletier D, Batard E, Montassier E.The effects of inulin on gut microbial composition: a systematic review of evidence from human studies.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;39(3):403-413. doi:10.1007/s10096-019-03721-w
Hiel S, Bindels LB, Pachikian BD, et al.Effects of a diet based on inulin-rich vegetables on gut health and nutritional behavior in healthy humans.Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(6):1683-1695. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqz001
Rao M, Gao C, Xu L, et al.Effect of inulin-type carbohydrates on insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.J Diabetes Res. 2019;2019:5101423. 2019. doi:10.1155/2019/510142
Mitchell CM, Davy BM, Ponder MA, et al.Prebiotic inulin supplementation and peripheral insulin sensitivity in adults at elevated risk for type 2 diabetes: A pilot randomized controlled trial.Nutrients. 2021;13(9):3235. Published 2021 Sep 17. doi:10.3390/nu13093235
Liu F, et. al.Effect of inulin-type fructans on blood lipid profile and glucose level: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017;71(1):9-20. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.156
Hume MP.Prebiotic supplementation improves appetite control in children with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled trial.Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;105(4):790-799. doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.140947
Liber A, Szajewska H.Effects of inulin-type fructans on appetite, energy intake, and body weight in children and adults: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Ann Nutr Metab. 2013;63(1-2):42-54. doi:10.1159/000350312
Talukdar JR, Cooper M, Lyutvyn L, et al.The effects of inulin-type fructans on cardiovascular disease risk factors: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Am J Clin Nutr. 2024;119(2):496-510. doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.030
Akram W, Garud N, Joshi R.Role of inulin as prebiotics on inflammatory bowel disease.Drug Discov Ther. 2019;13(1):1-8. doi:10.5582/ddt.2019.01000
Bărboi OB, Ciortescu I, Chirilă I, Anton C, Drug V.Effect of inulin in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (Review).Exp Ther Med. 2020;20(6):185. doi:10.3892/etm.2020.9315
Kim CE, Yoon LS, Michels KB, et al.The impact of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplements and yogurt consumption on the risk of colorectal neoplasia among adults: a systematic review.Nutrients. 2022;14(22):4937. doi:10.3390/nu14224937
Bakirhan H, Karabudak E.Effects of inulin on calcium metabolism and bone health.Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2023;93(1):85-96. doi:10.1024/0300-9831/a000700
U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Science review of isolated and synthetic non-digestible carbohydrates.
Cadot P, Kochuyt AM, van Ree R, Ceuppens JL.Oral allergy syndrome to chicory associated with birch pollen allergy.Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2003;131(1):19-24. doi:10.1159/000070430
Rolnik A, Olas B.The plants of theAsteraceaefamily as agents in the protection of human health.Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(6):3009. doi:10.3390/ijms22063009
U.S. Department of Agriculture.Dietary guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration.GRAS Notification - lnulin from Jerusalem Artichoke.
Tufts Nutrition.Are You Getting Enough Fiber?Wolfram T.Prebiotics and probiotics creating a healthier you. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
Tufts Nutrition.Are You Getting Enough Fiber?
Wolfram T.Prebiotics and probiotics creating a healthier you. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
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