If you are using hormonal contraception, includingoral contraceptives (birth control pills),NuvaRing, or theOrtho Evra patch, you should know that other medications and supplements can interfere with these treatments and put you at risk of getting pregnant.
Verywell / Danie Drankwalter
Here are 10 types of medications that can lower the effectiveness of your hormonal birth control.
1AntibioticsJaromir Chalabala / EyeEm/Getty ImagesDespite long-held beliefs that allantibioticsinterfere with the effectiveness of hormonal birth control, the only antibiotic drug that has been proven to do so is Rifadin/Rimactane (rifampin).It’s commonly used totreat tuberculosisand meningitis.If you’re on birth control pills, the patch, or NuvaRing and your healthcare provider prescribes rifampin, you will need to use a backup method of non-hormonal birth control such as condoms or a diaphragm. A typical course of tuberculosis treatment will be around 6-9 months.Your healthcare provider may also recommend a backup method if you’re taking other antibiotics, just to be safe.2Anti-HIV MedicationsShidlovski/Getty ImagesDrugs that are used totreat human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection, such as efavirenz, cobicistat, and rifampin, may interact with birth control.A class of drugs called protease inhibitors, which includes darunavir, nevirapine, nelfinavir, and ritonavir, may also interact with hormonal contraceptives.If you are taking medication for HIV/AIDS, ask your healthcare provider if your treatment could have an effect on the effectiveness of your birth control.3AnticonvulsantsHailshadow/Getty ImagesBarbiturate medicinesthat are prescribed for treating insomnia, controlling anxiety, or treating seizures may interfere with the effectiveness of the birth control pill.Examples of barbiturates and medications that have barbiturate actions include:Felbatol (felbamate)Lamictal(lamotrigine)Luminal, Solfoton (phenobarbital)Mysoline (primidone)Other anti-epilepsy medications that may also lower the effectiveness of the pill, NuvaRing, or the patch include:Trileptal (oxcarbazepine)Tegretol, Carbatrol, Equetro, Epitol (carbamazepine)Dilantin, Phenytek (phenytoin)Topamax (topiramate)The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that women taking anticonvulsants do not use hormonal contraception that has less than 30 micrograms (mcg) of estrogen.Some women taking these medications may consider usingDepo-Provera(medroxyprogesterone acetate) or an intrauterine device, such asMirena.4Antidepressantsstevanovicigor/Getty ImagesSome medications prescribed for treating depression may alter hormone levels,which can compromise the pill’s effectiveness.However, the effect varies significantly from one person to the next. A decrease in the number of circulating hormones may amount to a bigger drop in the pill’s effectiveness for some people, but not in others.If you’re taking an antidepressant and you’re concerned about potential interactions with your birth control, talk to your healthcare provider.5Antifungal MedicationsSinhyu/Getty ImagesAnti-fungal medications may also lower the effectiveness of the pill, though the World Health Organization states that women taking hormonal contraception should be able to safely use these medications.Antifungal medications that have been associated with contraceptive failure are:The oral suspension Mycostatin, Nilstat, Nystex (nystatin), which is used to treatyeast infectionsFulvicin, Grifulvin V, Gris-Peg, Grisactin (griseofulvin), which is used to treat fungus infections of the skin, hair, scalp, and nails, as well as ringworm, jock itch, andathlete’s footMake sure that your healthcare provider knows if you are taking these medications. They can discuss the potential for decreased effectiveness of your current birth control and help you choose a backup method.6Diabetes Medicationssimpson33/Getty ImagesSome of the medications used for treating diabetes, including Actos (pioglitazone) and rosiglitazone, may interact with birth control pills.Make sure to discuss your medications with your healthcare provider to see if they will interact with your oral contraceptives.7Anxiety TreatmentsBSIP/UIG/Getty ImagesWhile the research is ongoing, certain medicines used to treat anxiety, muscle spasms, and sleeping problems, such as Valium, Diastat (diazepam), or Restoril (temazepam) may potentially interfere with the effectiveness of combination contraceptives.Ask your healthcare provider if your anti-anxiety medication will decrease the effectiveness of the pill.8Pulmonary Hypertension TreatmentsSrisakorn/Getty ImagesTracleer (bosentan) is a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to treat certain types ofpulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)—which is high blood pressure in the vessels of the lungs. Tracleer has been shown to decrease hormone concentrations in the bloodstream, which can put you at risk of getting pregnant when you are using hormonal birth control.Birth control pills, shots, patches, andimplantsare not reliable when using Tracleer.If you have had atubal sterilizationor you have anIUD, you would not be at risk of becoming pregnant.Tracleer can cause serious birth defects. Before starting the medication, a woman must have a negative pregnancy test and must have repeat pregnancy tests before each month of treatment with Tracleer.9Natural SupplementsSteve Gorton/Getty ImagesIn addition to prescription medications, certain supplements have been shown to lower the effectiveness of hormonal contraception.Soy isoflavones: These natural substances obtained from the soybean plant have been used to reduce the intensity of menopause-related hot flashes and to help maintain strong bones.St. John’s wort: This herbal or dietary supplement is promoted for improving mildly depressed mood and as a sleep aid.10Anti-Nausea MedicationsTom Merton/Getty ImagesEmend (aprepitant), which is used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting can interfere with the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
1AntibioticsJaromir Chalabala / EyeEm/Getty ImagesDespite long-held beliefs that allantibioticsinterfere with the effectiveness of hormonal birth control, the only antibiotic drug that has been proven to do so is Rifadin/Rimactane (rifampin).It’s commonly used totreat tuberculosisand meningitis.If you’re on birth control pills, the patch, or NuvaRing and your healthcare provider prescribes rifampin, you will need to use a backup method of non-hormonal birth control such as condoms or a diaphragm. A typical course of tuberculosis treatment will be around 6-9 months.Your healthcare provider may also recommend a backup method if you’re taking other antibiotics, just to be safe.
1
AntibioticsJaromir Chalabala / EyeEm/Getty ImagesDespite long-held beliefs that allantibioticsinterfere with the effectiveness of hormonal birth control, the only antibiotic drug that has been proven to do so is Rifadin/Rimactane (rifampin).It’s commonly used totreat tuberculosisand meningitis.If you’re on birth control pills, the patch, or NuvaRing and your healthcare provider prescribes rifampin, you will need to use a backup method of non-hormonal birth control such as condoms or a diaphragm. A typical course of tuberculosis treatment will be around 6-9 months.Your healthcare provider may also recommend a backup method if you’re taking other antibiotics, just to be safe.
Antibiotics
Jaromir Chalabala / EyeEm/Getty Images
Despite long-held beliefs that allantibioticsinterfere with the effectiveness of hormonal birth control, the only antibiotic drug that has been proven to do so is Rifadin/Rimactane (rifampin).It’s commonly used totreat tuberculosisand meningitis.
If you’re on birth control pills, the patch, or NuvaRing and your healthcare provider prescribes rifampin, you will need to use a backup method of non-hormonal birth control such as condoms or a diaphragm. A typical course of tuberculosis treatment will be around 6-9 months.
Your healthcare provider may also recommend a backup method if you’re taking other antibiotics, just to be safe.
2Anti-HIV MedicationsShidlovski/Getty ImagesDrugs that are used totreat human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection, such as efavirenz, cobicistat, and rifampin, may interact with birth control.A class of drugs called protease inhibitors, which includes darunavir, nevirapine, nelfinavir, and ritonavir, may also interact with hormonal contraceptives.If you are taking medication for HIV/AIDS, ask your healthcare provider if your treatment could have an effect on the effectiveness of your birth control.
2
Anti-HIV MedicationsShidlovski/Getty ImagesDrugs that are used totreat human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection, such as efavirenz, cobicistat, and rifampin, may interact with birth control.A class of drugs called protease inhibitors, which includes darunavir, nevirapine, nelfinavir, and ritonavir, may also interact with hormonal contraceptives.If you are taking medication for HIV/AIDS, ask your healthcare provider if your treatment could have an effect on the effectiveness of your birth control.
Anti-HIV Medications
Shidlovski/Getty Images
Drugs that are used totreat human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection, such as efavirenz, cobicistat, and rifampin, may interact with birth control.
A class of drugs called protease inhibitors, which includes darunavir, nevirapine, nelfinavir, and ritonavir, may also interact with hormonal contraceptives.
If you are taking medication for HIV/AIDS, ask your healthcare provider if your treatment could have an effect on the effectiveness of your birth control.
3AnticonvulsantsHailshadow/Getty ImagesBarbiturate medicinesthat are prescribed for treating insomnia, controlling anxiety, or treating seizures may interfere with the effectiveness of the birth control pill.Examples of barbiturates and medications that have barbiturate actions include:Felbatol (felbamate)Lamictal(lamotrigine)Luminal, Solfoton (phenobarbital)Mysoline (primidone)Other anti-epilepsy medications that may also lower the effectiveness of the pill, NuvaRing, or the patch include:Trileptal (oxcarbazepine)Tegretol, Carbatrol, Equetro, Epitol (carbamazepine)Dilantin, Phenytek (phenytoin)Topamax (topiramate)The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that women taking anticonvulsants do not use hormonal contraception that has less than 30 micrograms (mcg) of estrogen.Some women taking these medications may consider usingDepo-Provera(medroxyprogesterone acetate) or an intrauterine device, such asMirena.
3
AnticonvulsantsHailshadow/Getty ImagesBarbiturate medicinesthat are prescribed for treating insomnia, controlling anxiety, or treating seizures may interfere with the effectiveness of the birth control pill.Examples of barbiturates and medications that have barbiturate actions include:Felbatol (felbamate)Lamictal(lamotrigine)Luminal, Solfoton (phenobarbital)Mysoline (primidone)Other anti-epilepsy medications that may also lower the effectiveness of the pill, NuvaRing, or the patch include:Trileptal (oxcarbazepine)Tegretol, Carbatrol, Equetro, Epitol (carbamazepine)Dilantin, Phenytek (phenytoin)Topamax (topiramate)The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that women taking anticonvulsants do not use hormonal contraception that has less than 30 micrograms (mcg) of estrogen.Some women taking these medications may consider usingDepo-Provera(medroxyprogesterone acetate) or an intrauterine device, such asMirena.
Anticonvulsants
Hailshadow/Getty Images
Barbiturate medicinesthat are prescribed for treating insomnia, controlling anxiety, or treating seizures may interfere with the effectiveness of the birth control pill.
Examples of barbiturates and medications that have barbiturate actions include:
Other anti-epilepsy medications that may also lower the effectiveness of the pill, NuvaRing, or the patch include:
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that women taking anticonvulsants do not use hormonal contraception that has less than 30 micrograms (mcg) of estrogen.
Some women taking these medications may consider usingDepo-Provera(medroxyprogesterone acetate) or an intrauterine device, such asMirena.
4Antidepressantsstevanovicigor/Getty ImagesSome medications prescribed for treating depression may alter hormone levels,which can compromise the pill’s effectiveness.However, the effect varies significantly from one person to the next. A decrease in the number of circulating hormones may amount to a bigger drop in the pill’s effectiveness for some people, but not in others.If you’re taking an antidepressant and you’re concerned about potential interactions with your birth control, talk to your healthcare provider.
4
Antidepressantsstevanovicigor/Getty ImagesSome medications prescribed for treating depression may alter hormone levels,which can compromise the pill’s effectiveness.However, the effect varies significantly from one person to the next. A decrease in the number of circulating hormones may amount to a bigger drop in the pill’s effectiveness for some people, but not in others.If you’re taking an antidepressant and you’re concerned about potential interactions with your birth control, talk to your healthcare provider.
Antidepressants
stevanovicigor/Getty Images
Some medications prescribed for treating depression may alter hormone levels,which can compromise the pill’s effectiveness.
However, the effect varies significantly from one person to the next. A decrease in the number of circulating hormones may amount to a bigger drop in the pill’s effectiveness for some people, but not in others.
If you’re taking an antidepressant and you’re concerned about potential interactions with your birth control, talk to your healthcare provider.
5Antifungal MedicationsSinhyu/Getty ImagesAnti-fungal medications may also lower the effectiveness of the pill, though the World Health Organization states that women taking hormonal contraception should be able to safely use these medications.Antifungal medications that have been associated with contraceptive failure are:The oral suspension Mycostatin, Nilstat, Nystex (nystatin), which is used to treatyeast infectionsFulvicin, Grifulvin V, Gris-Peg, Grisactin (griseofulvin), which is used to treat fungus infections of the skin, hair, scalp, and nails, as well as ringworm, jock itch, andathlete’s footMake sure that your healthcare provider knows if you are taking these medications. They can discuss the potential for decreased effectiveness of your current birth control and help you choose a backup method.
5
Antifungal MedicationsSinhyu/Getty ImagesAnti-fungal medications may also lower the effectiveness of the pill, though the World Health Organization states that women taking hormonal contraception should be able to safely use these medications.Antifungal medications that have been associated with contraceptive failure are:The oral suspension Mycostatin, Nilstat, Nystex (nystatin), which is used to treatyeast infectionsFulvicin, Grifulvin V, Gris-Peg, Grisactin (griseofulvin), which is used to treat fungus infections of the skin, hair, scalp, and nails, as well as ringworm, jock itch, andathlete’s footMake sure that your healthcare provider knows if you are taking these medications. They can discuss the potential for decreased effectiveness of your current birth control and help you choose a backup method.
Antifungal Medications
Sinhyu/Getty Images
Anti-fungal medications may also lower the effectiveness of the pill, though the World Health Organization states that women taking hormonal contraception should be able to safely use these medications.
Antifungal medications that have been associated with contraceptive failure are:
Make sure that your healthcare provider knows if you are taking these medications. They can discuss the potential for decreased effectiveness of your current birth control and help you choose a backup method.
6Diabetes Medicationssimpson33/Getty ImagesSome of the medications used for treating diabetes, including Actos (pioglitazone) and rosiglitazone, may interact with birth control pills.Make sure to discuss your medications with your healthcare provider to see if they will interact with your oral contraceptives.
6
Diabetes Medicationssimpson33/Getty ImagesSome of the medications used for treating diabetes, including Actos (pioglitazone) and rosiglitazone, may interact with birth control pills.Make sure to discuss your medications with your healthcare provider to see if they will interact with your oral contraceptives.
Diabetes Medications
simpson33/Getty Images
Some of the medications used for treating diabetes, including Actos (pioglitazone) and rosiglitazone, may interact with birth control pills.Make sure to discuss your medications with your healthcare provider to see if they will interact with your oral contraceptives.
7Anxiety TreatmentsBSIP/UIG/Getty ImagesWhile the research is ongoing, certain medicines used to treat anxiety, muscle spasms, and sleeping problems, such as Valium, Diastat (diazepam), or Restoril (temazepam) may potentially interfere with the effectiveness of combination contraceptives.Ask your healthcare provider if your anti-anxiety medication will decrease the effectiveness of the pill.
7
Anxiety TreatmentsBSIP/UIG/Getty ImagesWhile the research is ongoing, certain medicines used to treat anxiety, muscle spasms, and sleeping problems, such as Valium, Diastat (diazepam), or Restoril (temazepam) may potentially interfere with the effectiveness of combination contraceptives.Ask your healthcare provider if your anti-anxiety medication will decrease the effectiveness of the pill.
Anxiety Treatments
BSIP/UIG/Getty Images
While the research is ongoing, certain medicines used to treat anxiety, muscle spasms, and sleeping problems, such as Valium, Diastat (diazepam), or Restoril (temazepam) may potentially interfere with the effectiveness of combination contraceptives.
Ask your healthcare provider if your anti-anxiety medication will decrease the effectiveness of the pill.
8Pulmonary Hypertension TreatmentsSrisakorn/Getty ImagesTracleer (bosentan) is a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to treat certain types ofpulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)—which is high blood pressure in the vessels of the lungs. Tracleer has been shown to decrease hormone concentrations in the bloodstream, which can put you at risk of getting pregnant when you are using hormonal birth control.Birth control pills, shots, patches, andimplantsare not reliable when using Tracleer.If you have had atubal sterilizationor you have anIUD, you would not be at risk of becoming pregnant.Tracleer can cause serious birth defects. Before starting the medication, a woman must have a negative pregnancy test and must have repeat pregnancy tests before each month of treatment with Tracleer.
8
Pulmonary Hypertension TreatmentsSrisakorn/Getty ImagesTracleer (bosentan) is a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to treat certain types ofpulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)—which is high blood pressure in the vessels of the lungs. Tracleer has been shown to decrease hormone concentrations in the bloodstream, which can put you at risk of getting pregnant when you are using hormonal birth control.Birth control pills, shots, patches, andimplantsare not reliable when using Tracleer.If you have had atubal sterilizationor you have anIUD, you would not be at risk of becoming pregnant.Tracleer can cause serious birth defects. Before starting the medication, a woman must have a negative pregnancy test and must have repeat pregnancy tests before each month of treatment with Tracleer.
Pulmonary Hypertension Treatments
Srisakorn/Getty Images
Tracleer (bosentan) is a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to treat certain types ofpulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)—which is high blood pressure in the vessels of the lungs. Tracleer has been shown to decrease hormone concentrations in the bloodstream, which can put you at risk of getting pregnant when you are using hormonal birth control.
Birth control pills, shots, patches, andimplantsare not reliable when using Tracleer.
If you have had atubal sterilizationor you have anIUD, you would not be at risk of becoming pregnant.
Tracleer can cause serious birth defects. Before starting the medication, a woman must have a negative pregnancy test and must have repeat pregnancy tests before each month of treatment with Tracleer.
9Natural SupplementsSteve Gorton/Getty ImagesIn addition to prescription medications, certain supplements have been shown to lower the effectiveness of hormonal contraception.Soy isoflavones: These natural substances obtained from the soybean plant have been used to reduce the intensity of menopause-related hot flashes and to help maintain strong bones.St. John’s wort: This herbal or dietary supplement is promoted for improving mildly depressed mood and as a sleep aid.
9
Natural SupplementsSteve Gorton/Getty ImagesIn addition to prescription medications, certain supplements have been shown to lower the effectiveness of hormonal contraception.Soy isoflavones: These natural substances obtained from the soybean plant have been used to reduce the intensity of menopause-related hot flashes and to help maintain strong bones.St. John’s wort: This herbal or dietary supplement is promoted for improving mildly depressed mood and as a sleep aid.
Natural Supplements
Steve Gorton/Getty Images
In addition to prescription medications, certain supplements have been shown to lower the effectiveness of hormonal contraception.
10Anti-Nausea MedicationsTom Merton/Getty ImagesEmend (aprepitant), which is used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting can interfere with the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
10
Anti-Nausea MedicationsTom Merton/Getty ImagesEmend (aprepitant), which is used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting can interfere with the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
Anti-Nausea Medications
Tom Merton/Getty Images
Emend (aprepitant), which is used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting can interfere with the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
Understand How Your Contraceptive WorksExcessive vomiting and/or diarrhea can also lower the effectiveness of the pill. If you are experiencing these symptoms, contact your healthcare provider for advice about additional methods of birth control. If you have anyquestions about birth control methodsor potential interactions with other medications, talk to your healthcare provider. You will lower yourchances of birth control failureif you have a proper and thorough understanding of how to use your contraceptive.
Understand How Your Contraceptive Works
Excessive vomiting and/or diarrhea can also lower the effectiveness of the pill. If you are experiencing these symptoms, contact your healthcare provider for advice about additional methods of birth control. If you have anyquestions about birth control methodsor potential interactions with other medications, talk to your healthcare provider. You will lower yourchances of birth control failureif you have a proper and thorough understanding of how to use your contraceptive.
13 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Lee CR.Drug Interactions and Hormonal Contraception.Trends in Urology, Gynaecology & Sexual Health. 2009;14(3):23-26. doi:10.1002/tre.107Simmons KB, Haddad LB, Nanda K, Curtis KM.Drug interactions between non-rifamycin antibiotics and hormonal contraception: a systematic review.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218(1):88-97.e14. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2017.07.003Nanda K, Stuart GS, Robinson J, Gray AL, Tepper NK, Gaffield ME.Drug interactions between hormonal contraceptives and antiretrovirals.AIDS.2017;31(7):917-952. doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000001392Schoretsanitis G, Deligiannidis KM, Paulzen M, Spina E, de Leon J.Drug-drug interactions between psychotropic medications and oral contraceptives.Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2022;18(6):395-411. doi:10.1080/17425255.2022.2106214U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Topamax (topiramate) label.Bonnema R, McNamara M, Spencer A.Contraception Choices in Women with Underlying Medical Conditions.Am Fam Physician.2010 Sep 15;82(6):621-628.Berry-Bibee EN, Kim M-J, Simmons KB, et al.Drug interactions between hormonal contraceptives and psychotropic drugs: a systematic review.Contraception. 2016;94(6):650-667. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2016.07.011Department of Reproductive Health, World Health Organization.Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use fifth edition - Executive summary.May M, Schindler C.Clinically and pharmacologically relevant interactions of antidiabetic drugs.Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2016;7(2):69–83. doi:10.1177/2042018816638050U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Tracleer (bosentan) label.U.S. National Library of Medicine.DailyMed - BOSENTAN- bosentan tablet, film-coated.Murphy PA, Kern SE, Stanczyk FZ, Westhoff CL.Interaction of St. John’s Wort with oral contraceptives: effects on the pharmacokinetics of norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol, ovarian activity and breakthrough bleeding.Contraception.2005;71(6):402-8. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2004.11.004Bailard N, Rebello E.Aprepitant and fosaprepitant decrease the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives.Br J Clin Pharmacol.2018;84(3):602-603. doi:10.1111/bcp.13472Additional ReadingLee CR.Drug Interactions and Hormonal Contraception.Trends in Urology, Gynaecology & Sexual Health. 2009;14(3):23-26. doi:10.1002/tre.107.Martin KA, Barbieri RL.Overview of the Use of Estrogen-Progestin Contraceptives.MedlinePlus.Estrogen and Progestin (Oral Contraceptives).MedlinePlus.Bosentan.
13 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Lee CR.Drug Interactions and Hormonal Contraception.Trends in Urology, Gynaecology & Sexual Health. 2009;14(3):23-26. doi:10.1002/tre.107Simmons KB, Haddad LB, Nanda K, Curtis KM.Drug interactions between non-rifamycin antibiotics and hormonal contraception: a systematic review.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218(1):88-97.e14. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2017.07.003Nanda K, Stuart GS, Robinson J, Gray AL, Tepper NK, Gaffield ME.Drug interactions between hormonal contraceptives and antiretrovirals.AIDS.2017;31(7):917-952. doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000001392Schoretsanitis G, Deligiannidis KM, Paulzen M, Spina E, de Leon J.Drug-drug interactions between psychotropic medications and oral contraceptives.Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2022;18(6):395-411. doi:10.1080/17425255.2022.2106214U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Topamax (topiramate) label.Bonnema R, McNamara M, Spencer A.Contraception Choices in Women with Underlying Medical Conditions.Am Fam Physician.2010 Sep 15;82(6):621-628.Berry-Bibee EN, Kim M-J, Simmons KB, et al.Drug interactions between hormonal contraceptives and psychotropic drugs: a systematic review.Contraception. 2016;94(6):650-667. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2016.07.011Department of Reproductive Health, World Health Organization.Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use fifth edition - Executive summary.May M, Schindler C.Clinically and pharmacologically relevant interactions of antidiabetic drugs.Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2016;7(2):69–83. doi:10.1177/2042018816638050U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Tracleer (bosentan) label.U.S. National Library of Medicine.DailyMed - BOSENTAN- bosentan tablet, film-coated.Murphy PA, Kern SE, Stanczyk FZ, Westhoff CL.Interaction of St. John’s Wort with oral contraceptives: effects on the pharmacokinetics of norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol, ovarian activity and breakthrough bleeding.Contraception.2005;71(6):402-8. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2004.11.004Bailard N, Rebello E.Aprepitant and fosaprepitant decrease the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives.Br J Clin Pharmacol.2018;84(3):602-603. doi:10.1111/bcp.13472Additional ReadingLee CR.Drug Interactions and Hormonal Contraception.Trends in Urology, Gynaecology & Sexual Health. 2009;14(3):23-26. doi:10.1002/tre.107.Martin KA, Barbieri RL.Overview of the Use of Estrogen-Progestin Contraceptives.MedlinePlus.Estrogen and Progestin (Oral Contraceptives).MedlinePlus.Bosentan.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Lee CR.Drug Interactions and Hormonal Contraception.Trends in Urology, Gynaecology & Sexual Health. 2009;14(3):23-26. doi:10.1002/tre.107Simmons KB, Haddad LB, Nanda K, Curtis KM.Drug interactions between non-rifamycin antibiotics and hormonal contraception: a systematic review.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218(1):88-97.e14. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2017.07.003Nanda K, Stuart GS, Robinson J, Gray AL, Tepper NK, Gaffield ME.Drug interactions between hormonal contraceptives and antiretrovirals.AIDS.2017;31(7):917-952. doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000001392Schoretsanitis G, Deligiannidis KM, Paulzen M, Spina E, de Leon J.Drug-drug interactions between psychotropic medications and oral contraceptives.Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2022;18(6):395-411. doi:10.1080/17425255.2022.2106214U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Topamax (topiramate) label.Bonnema R, McNamara M, Spencer A.Contraception Choices in Women with Underlying Medical Conditions.Am Fam Physician.2010 Sep 15;82(6):621-628.Berry-Bibee EN, Kim M-J, Simmons KB, et al.Drug interactions between hormonal contraceptives and psychotropic drugs: a systematic review.Contraception. 2016;94(6):650-667. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2016.07.011Department of Reproductive Health, World Health Organization.Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use fifth edition - Executive summary.May M, Schindler C.Clinically and pharmacologically relevant interactions of antidiabetic drugs.Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2016;7(2):69–83. doi:10.1177/2042018816638050U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Tracleer (bosentan) label.U.S. National Library of Medicine.DailyMed - BOSENTAN- bosentan tablet, film-coated.Murphy PA, Kern SE, Stanczyk FZ, Westhoff CL.Interaction of St. John’s Wort with oral contraceptives: effects on the pharmacokinetics of norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol, ovarian activity and breakthrough bleeding.Contraception.2005;71(6):402-8. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2004.11.004Bailard N, Rebello E.Aprepitant and fosaprepitant decrease the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives.Br J Clin Pharmacol.2018;84(3):602-603. doi:10.1111/bcp.13472
Lee CR.Drug Interactions and Hormonal Contraception.Trends in Urology, Gynaecology & Sexual Health. 2009;14(3):23-26. doi:10.1002/tre.107
Simmons KB, Haddad LB, Nanda K, Curtis KM.Drug interactions between non-rifamycin antibiotics and hormonal contraception: a systematic review.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218(1):88-97.e14. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2017.07.003
Nanda K, Stuart GS, Robinson J, Gray AL, Tepper NK, Gaffield ME.Drug interactions between hormonal contraceptives and antiretrovirals.AIDS.2017;31(7):917-952. doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000001392
Schoretsanitis G, Deligiannidis KM, Paulzen M, Spina E, de Leon J.Drug-drug interactions between psychotropic medications and oral contraceptives.Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2022;18(6):395-411. doi:10.1080/17425255.2022.2106214
U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Topamax (topiramate) label.
Bonnema R, McNamara M, Spencer A.Contraception Choices in Women with Underlying Medical Conditions.Am Fam Physician.2010 Sep 15;82(6):621-628.
Berry-Bibee EN, Kim M-J, Simmons KB, et al.Drug interactions between hormonal contraceptives and psychotropic drugs: a systematic review.Contraception. 2016;94(6):650-667. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2016.07.011
Department of Reproductive Health, World Health Organization.Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use fifth edition - Executive summary.
May M, Schindler C.Clinically and pharmacologically relevant interactions of antidiabetic drugs.Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2016;7(2):69–83. doi:10.1177/2042018816638050
U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Tracleer (bosentan) label.
U.S. National Library of Medicine.DailyMed - BOSENTAN- bosentan tablet, film-coated.
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