Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsBenefits of OrangesDownsides of Orange JuiceNutrition FactsWho Should Avoid Them?
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Benefits of Oranges
Downsides of Orange Juice
Nutrition Facts
Who Should Avoid Them?
Oranges are sweetcitrus fruitspopular for their juicy bite and vitamin C content. Sweet orange trees originated in China and grow in the United States, Mexico, and Spain.
Oranges are rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. They have also been linked to health benefits like improved immune function andinflammation, reduced heart disease and cancer risk, and betterironabsorption.
Orange varieties include navel oranges, blood oranges, Valencia oranges, clementines, and tangerines. These types of oranges have similar nutrition profiles but different tastes and textures.
This article provides an overview of the health benefits of oranges, their nutritional profile, and any risks to keep in mind.
Olga Rolenko / Getty Images
Benefits of Different Types of Oranges
Oranges are rich in vitamin C,calcium,potassium, folate, phosphorus, andbeta-carotene. Different varieties have slightly different nutrition profiles, as well as different tastes and textures.
Comparison of Different Orange VarietiesType of OrangeCaloriesFiberTotal SugarsVitamin CQualitiesNavel orange522 grams (g)8.57 g59.1 milligrams (mg)Sweet, juicy, seedlessBlood orange451.9 g9 gTart, a cross between an orange and a grapefruitValencia orange593.02 g58.7 mgVery juicy, with seedsClementine471.7 g9 g48.8 mgSmall, sweet, seedlessTangerine531.8 g10.6 g26.7 mgSmall, sweet, loose peel, contains seedsNutrition profile for a 100 g servingThe vitamins and minerals found in oranges have been linked to many health benefits. Oranges are also rich in antioxidants (plant compounds) that lower the risk of chronic disease.FiberEating a diet rich infiberhas several health benefits, which include decreasing the risk of:Heart diseaseColon cancerObesityConsuming fiber also improves the balance of bacteria in the gut (gastrointestinal tract) and benefits digestion.Vitamin CVitamin Chas been linked with a reduced risk of heart disease and cancer.Vitamin C also helps the body to absorb iron and lowers the risk ofanemia(lower than normal red blood cell count).It has also been found to boost immune system function in the body.Does Orange Juice Really Help With a Cold?FolateFolateis a B vitamin essential for producing new red blood cells and proteins in the body.Folate is vital for pregnant people because it can help prevent congenital disabilities called neural tube defects (genetic brain or spinal cord defects), which includespina bifida. Since it’s not easy to get enough folate through your diet, pregnant people are encouraged to takefolic acid supplements(a synthetic form of folate).FlavonoidsFlavonoidsare compounds found in plants, fruits, vegetables, grains, and more.Hesperidin(a citrus antioxidant) is linked to lowering blood pressure and reducinginflammation.Naringenin (another antioxidant) is associated with improved blood vessel health.CarotenoidsCarotenoids are antioxidants that give citrus fruits their red, orange, or yellow color.Beta-cryptoxanthin is a compound that protects the cells from oxidative damage.Lycopenemay reduce the risk of heart disease.Oranges may have mental health benefits as well. A study found that inhaling citrus essential oils decreasesanxietyand stress levels.Downsides of Orange Juice vs. OrangesWhile drinkingorange juiceis a simple (and delicious) way to get many of the same vitamins and minerals from oranges in drink form, it’s important to consider that orange juice is much lower in fiber than a whole orange.Oranges get their fiber from the flesh of the fruit rather than the juice. Because of this, drinking a glass of orange juice is less filling than eating an orange. Many brands of orange juice also contain added sugars.However, when enjoyed in moderation, orange juice may reduce blood sugar levels. It may also lowerlow-density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol (“bad cholesterol”).What Is Bitter Orange and Does It Actually Help With Weight Loss?Nutrition Facts: Single Serving of OrangesOranges are rich in water, vitamins, fiber, and other healthy nutrients. One navel orange contains 121 grams (g) of water (about 4 ounces) and the following:Calories: 72.8Fat: 0.21 gProtein: 1.27 gFiber: 2.8 gSugar: 12 gCalcium: 60.2 milligrams (mg)Phosphorus: 32.2 mgPotassium: 232 mgVitamin C: 82.7 mgFolate: 35 micrograms (mcg)Who Shouldn’t Eat Oranges?Most people can safely enjoy oranges, but some must be cautious. First, avoid all oranges and orange juices if you have acitrus allergy.Oranges are acidic and can worsenacid refluxsymptoms.If you have been diagnosed withheartburn, consider avoiding citrus fruits. Some people may notice feelings ofindigestionafter eating oranges.Ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist if eating oranges with your prescription medications is safe. Some orange varieties, like Seville oranges and tangelos, can affect how your body absorbs certain drugs.Most people should enjoy orange juice in moderation. Drinking a large amount every day has been linked with weight gain in women.SummaryOranges are sweet, juicy, and loaded with healthy nutrients. These popular citrus fruits are delicious as a snack or juiced with breakfast. Oranges are rich in water, vitamin C, fiber, antioxidants, and folate. They have been linked with healthy benefits like a lower risk of heart disease and better immune function.Orange varieties include navel oranges, blood oranges, Valencia oranges, clementines, and tangerines. These different oranges have similar nutrition profiles but different tastes and textures.
The vitamins and minerals found in oranges have been linked to many health benefits. Oranges are also rich in antioxidants (plant compounds) that lower the risk of chronic disease.
Fiber
Eating a diet rich infiberhas several health benefits, which include decreasing the risk of:
Consuming fiber also improves the balance of bacteria in the gut (gastrointestinal tract) and benefits digestion.
Vitamin C
Vitamin Chas been linked with a reduced risk of heart disease and cancer.Vitamin C also helps the body to absorb iron and lowers the risk ofanemia(lower than normal red blood cell count).It has also been found to boost immune system function in the body.
Does Orange Juice Really Help With a Cold?
Folate
Folateis a B vitamin essential for producing new red blood cells and proteins in the body.Folate is vital for pregnant people because it can help prevent congenital disabilities called neural tube defects (genetic brain or spinal cord defects), which includespina bifida. Since it’s not easy to get enough folate through your diet, pregnant people are encouraged to takefolic acid supplements(a synthetic form of folate).
Flavonoids
Flavonoidsare compounds found in plants, fruits, vegetables, grains, and more.Hesperidin(a citrus antioxidant) is linked to lowering blood pressure and reducinginflammation.Naringenin (another antioxidant) is associated with improved blood vessel health.
Carotenoids
Carotenoids are antioxidants that give citrus fruits their red, orange, or yellow color.Beta-cryptoxanthin is a compound that protects the cells from oxidative damage.Lycopenemay reduce the risk of heart disease.
Oranges may have mental health benefits as well. A study found that inhaling citrus essential oils decreasesanxietyand stress levels.
Downsides of Orange Juice vs. Oranges
While drinkingorange juiceis a simple (and delicious) way to get many of the same vitamins and minerals from oranges in drink form, it’s important to consider that orange juice is much lower in fiber than a whole orange.
Oranges get their fiber from the flesh of the fruit rather than the juice. Because of this, drinking a glass of orange juice is less filling than eating an orange. Many brands of orange juice also contain added sugars.
However, when enjoyed in moderation, orange juice may reduce blood sugar levels. It may also lowerlow-density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol (“bad cholesterol”).
What Is Bitter Orange and Does It Actually Help With Weight Loss?
Nutrition Facts: Single Serving of Oranges
Oranges are rich in water, vitamins, fiber, and other healthy nutrients. One navel orange contains 121 grams (g) of water (about 4 ounces) and the following:
Who Shouldn’t Eat Oranges?
Most people can safely enjoy oranges, but some must be cautious. First, avoid all oranges and orange juices if you have acitrus allergy.
Oranges are acidic and can worsenacid refluxsymptoms.If you have been diagnosed withheartburn, consider avoiding citrus fruits. Some people may notice feelings ofindigestionafter eating oranges.
Ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist if eating oranges with your prescription medications is safe. Some orange varieties, like Seville oranges and tangelos, can affect how your body absorbs certain drugs.
Most people should enjoy orange juice in moderation. Drinking a large amount every day has been linked with weight gain in women.
Summary
Oranges are sweet, juicy, and loaded with healthy nutrients. These popular citrus fruits are delicious as a snack or juiced with breakfast. Oranges are rich in water, vitamin C, fiber, antioxidants, and folate. They have been linked with healthy benefits like a lower risk of heart disease and better immune function.
Orange varieties include navel oranges, blood oranges, Valencia oranges, clementines, and tangerines. These different oranges have similar nutrition profiles but different tastes and textures.
28 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Rao MJ, Zuo H, Xu Q.Genomic insights into citrus domestication and its important agronomic traits.Plant Commun. 2020;2(1):100138. doi:10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100138U.S. Department of Agriculture.Oranges, raw, navels.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Blood oranges.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Oranges, raw, California, Valencia.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Clementine, raw.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Tangerine, raw.Soliman GA.Dietary fiber, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease.Nutrients. 2019;11(5):1155. doi:10.3390/nu11051155Ma Y, Hu M, Zhou L, et al.Dietary fiber intake and risks of proximal and distal colon cancers: A meta-analysis.Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(36):e11678. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000011678Lie L, Brown L, Forrester TE, et al.The association of dietary fiber intake with cardiometabolic risk in four countries across the epidemiologic transition.Nutrients. 2018;10(5):628. doi:10.3390/nu10050628Iddir M, Brito A, Dingeo G, et al.Strengthening the immune system and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress through diet and nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 crisis.Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1562. doi:10.3390/nu12061562Aune D, Keum N, Giovannucci E, et al.Dietary intake and blood concentrations of antioxidants and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause mortality.Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108(5):1069-1091. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy097Singh A, Bains K, Kaur H.Effect of inclusion of key foods on in vitro iron bioaccessibility in composite meals.J Food Sci Technol. 2016;53(4):2033-2039. doi:10.1007/s13197-015-2154-zCarr AC, Maggini S.Vitamin C and immune function.Nutrients. 2017;9(11):1211. doi:10.3390/nu9111211MedlinePlus.Folic acid in diet.Valls RM, Pedret A, Calderón-Pérez L, et al.Effects of hesperidin in orange juice on blood and pulse pressures in mildly hypertensive individuals: a randomized controlled trial (Citrus study).Eur J Nutr. 2021;60(3):1277-1288. doi:10.1007/s00394-020-02279-0Salehi B, Fokou PVT, Sharifi-Rad M, et al.The therapeutic potential of naringenin: A review of clinical trials.Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2019;12(1):11. doi:10.3390/ph12010011Massenti R, Perrone A, Livrea MA, Lo Bianco R.Regular consumption of fresh orange juice increases human skin carotenoid content.Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2015;66(6):718-721. doi:10.3109/09637486.2015.1077794Burri BJ.Beta-cryptoxanthin as a source of vitamin A.J Sci Food Agric. 2015;95(9):1786-1794. doi:10.1002/jsfa.6942Mozos I, Stoian D, Caraba A, et al.Lycopene and vascular health.Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:521. doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00521Rodrigo MJ, Cilla A, Barberá R, Zacarías L.Carotenoid bioaccessibility in pulp and fresh juice from carotenoid-rich sweet oranges and mandarins.Food Funct. 2015;6(6):1950-1959. doi:10.1039/c5fo00258cMannucci C, Calapai F, Cardia L, et al.Clinical pharmacology of citrus aurantiumand citrus sinensisfor the treatment of anxiety.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018;2018:3624094. doi:10.1155/2018/3624094U.S. Department of Agriculture.Orange juice, no pulp, not fortified, not from concentrate, refrigerated.Alhabeeb H, Sohouli MH, Lari A, et al.Impact of orange juice consumption on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(12):3389-3402. doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1865263Inomata N, Miyakawa M, Ikeda N, Oda K, Aihara M.Identification of gibberellin-regulated protein as a new allergen in orange allergy.Clin Exp Allergy. 2018;48(11):1509-1520. doi:10.1111/cea.13247Kim JS, Kim BW.Are diet and micronutrients effective in treating gastroesophageal reflux disease especially in women?.J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2019;25(1):1-2. doi:10.5056/jnm18198Jarosz M, Taraszewska A.Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease: the role of diet.Prz Gastroenterol. 2014;9(5):297-301. doi:10.5114/pg.2014.46166Harvard Health Publishing.Grapefruit and medication: A cautionary note.Auerbach BJ, Littman AJ, Krieger J, et al.Association of 100% fruit juice consumption and 3-year weight change among postmenopausal women in the in the Women’s Health Initiative.Prev Med. 2018;109:8-10. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.01.004
28 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Rao MJ, Zuo H, Xu Q.Genomic insights into citrus domestication and its important agronomic traits.Plant Commun. 2020;2(1):100138. doi:10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100138U.S. Department of Agriculture.Oranges, raw, navels.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Blood oranges.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Oranges, raw, California, Valencia.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Clementine, raw.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Tangerine, raw.Soliman GA.Dietary fiber, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease.Nutrients. 2019;11(5):1155. doi:10.3390/nu11051155Ma Y, Hu M, Zhou L, et al.Dietary fiber intake and risks of proximal and distal colon cancers: A meta-analysis.Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(36):e11678. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000011678Lie L, Brown L, Forrester TE, et al.The association of dietary fiber intake with cardiometabolic risk in four countries across the epidemiologic transition.Nutrients. 2018;10(5):628. doi:10.3390/nu10050628Iddir M, Brito A, Dingeo G, et al.Strengthening the immune system and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress through diet and nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 crisis.Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1562. doi:10.3390/nu12061562Aune D, Keum N, Giovannucci E, et al.Dietary intake and blood concentrations of antioxidants and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause mortality.Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108(5):1069-1091. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy097Singh A, Bains K, Kaur H.Effect of inclusion of key foods on in vitro iron bioaccessibility in composite meals.J Food Sci Technol. 2016;53(4):2033-2039. doi:10.1007/s13197-015-2154-zCarr AC, Maggini S.Vitamin C and immune function.Nutrients. 2017;9(11):1211. doi:10.3390/nu9111211MedlinePlus.Folic acid in diet.Valls RM, Pedret A, Calderón-Pérez L, et al.Effects of hesperidin in orange juice on blood and pulse pressures in mildly hypertensive individuals: a randomized controlled trial (Citrus study).Eur J Nutr. 2021;60(3):1277-1288. doi:10.1007/s00394-020-02279-0Salehi B, Fokou PVT, Sharifi-Rad M, et al.The therapeutic potential of naringenin: A review of clinical trials.Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2019;12(1):11. doi:10.3390/ph12010011Massenti R, Perrone A, Livrea MA, Lo Bianco R.Regular consumption of fresh orange juice increases human skin carotenoid content.Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2015;66(6):718-721. doi:10.3109/09637486.2015.1077794Burri BJ.Beta-cryptoxanthin as a source of vitamin A.J Sci Food Agric. 2015;95(9):1786-1794. doi:10.1002/jsfa.6942Mozos I, Stoian D, Caraba A, et al.Lycopene and vascular health.Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:521. doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00521Rodrigo MJ, Cilla A, Barberá R, Zacarías L.Carotenoid bioaccessibility in pulp and fresh juice from carotenoid-rich sweet oranges and mandarins.Food Funct. 2015;6(6):1950-1959. doi:10.1039/c5fo00258cMannucci C, Calapai F, Cardia L, et al.Clinical pharmacology of citrus aurantiumand citrus sinensisfor the treatment of anxiety.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018;2018:3624094. doi:10.1155/2018/3624094U.S. Department of Agriculture.Orange juice, no pulp, not fortified, not from concentrate, refrigerated.Alhabeeb H, Sohouli MH, Lari A, et al.Impact of orange juice consumption on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(12):3389-3402. doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1865263Inomata N, Miyakawa M, Ikeda N, Oda K, Aihara M.Identification of gibberellin-regulated protein as a new allergen in orange allergy.Clin Exp Allergy. 2018;48(11):1509-1520. doi:10.1111/cea.13247Kim JS, Kim BW.Are diet and micronutrients effective in treating gastroesophageal reflux disease especially in women?.J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2019;25(1):1-2. doi:10.5056/jnm18198Jarosz M, Taraszewska A.Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease: the role of diet.Prz Gastroenterol. 2014;9(5):297-301. doi:10.5114/pg.2014.46166Harvard Health Publishing.Grapefruit and medication: A cautionary note.Auerbach BJ, Littman AJ, Krieger J, et al.Association of 100% fruit juice consumption and 3-year weight change among postmenopausal women in the in the Women’s Health Initiative.Prev Med. 2018;109:8-10. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.01.004
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Rao MJ, Zuo H, Xu Q.Genomic insights into citrus domestication and its important agronomic traits.Plant Commun. 2020;2(1):100138. doi:10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100138U.S. Department of Agriculture.Oranges, raw, navels.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Blood oranges.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Oranges, raw, California, Valencia.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Clementine, raw.U.S. Department of Agriculture.Tangerine, raw.Soliman GA.Dietary fiber, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease.Nutrients. 2019;11(5):1155. doi:10.3390/nu11051155Ma Y, Hu M, Zhou L, et al.Dietary fiber intake and risks of proximal and distal colon cancers: A meta-analysis.Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(36):e11678. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000011678Lie L, Brown L, Forrester TE, et al.The association of dietary fiber intake with cardiometabolic risk in four countries across the epidemiologic transition.Nutrients. 2018;10(5):628. doi:10.3390/nu10050628Iddir M, Brito A, Dingeo G, et al.Strengthening the immune system and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress through diet and nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 crisis.Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1562. doi:10.3390/nu12061562Aune D, Keum N, Giovannucci E, et al.Dietary intake and blood concentrations of antioxidants and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause mortality.Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108(5):1069-1091. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy097Singh A, Bains K, Kaur H.Effect of inclusion of key foods on in vitro iron bioaccessibility in composite meals.J Food Sci Technol. 2016;53(4):2033-2039. doi:10.1007/s13197-015-2154-zCarr AC, Maggini S.Vitamin C and immune function.Nutrients. 2017;9(11):1211. doi:10.3390/nu9111211MedlinePlus.Folic acid in diet.Valls RM, Pedret A, Calderón-Pérez L, et al.Effects of hesperidin in orange juice on blood and pulse pressures in mildly hypertensive individuals: a randomized controlled trial (Citrus study).Eur J Nutr. 2021;60(3):1277-1288. doi:10.1007/s00394-020-02279-0Salehi B, Fokou PVT, Sharifi-Rad M, et al.The therapeutic potential of naringenin: A review of clinical trials.Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2019;12(1):11. doi:10.3390/ph12010011Massenti R, Perrone A, Livrea MA, Lo Bianco R.Regular consumption of fresh orange juice increases human skin carotenoid content.Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2015;66(6):718-721. doi:10.3109/09637486.2015.1077794Burri BJ.Beta-cryptoxanthin as a source of vitamin A.J Sci Food Agric. 2015;95(9):1786-1794. doi:10.1002/jsfa.6942Mozos I, Stoian D, Caraba A, et al.Lycopene and vascular health.Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:521. doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00521Rodrigo MJ, Cilla A, Barberá R, Zacarías L.Carotenoid bioaccessibility in pulp and fresh juice from carotenoid-rich sweet oranges and mandarins.Food Funct. 2015;6(6):1950-1959. doi:10.1039/c5fo00258cMannucci C, Calapai F, Cardia L, et al.Clinical pharmacology of citrus aurantiumand citrus sinensisfor the treatment of anxiety.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018;2018:3624094. doi:10.1155/2018/3624094U.S. Department of Agriculture.Orange juice, no pulp, not fortified, not from concentrate, refrigerated.Alhabeeb H, Sohouli MH, Lari A, et al.Impact of orange juice consumption on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(12):3389-3402. doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1865263Inomata N, Miyakawa M, Ikeda N, Oda K, Aihara M.Identification of gibberellin-regulated protein as a new allergen in orange allergy.Clin Exp Allergy. 2018;48(11):1509-1520. doi:10.1111/cea.13247Kim JS, Kim BW.Are diet and micronutrients effective in treating gastroesophageal reflux disease especially in women?.J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2019;25(1):1-2. doi:10.5056/jnm18198Jarosz M, Taraszewska A.Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease: the role of diet.Prz Gastroenterol. 2014;9(5):297-301. doi:10.5114/pg.2014.46166Harvard Health Publishing.Grapefruit and medication: A cautionary note.Auerbach BJ, Littman AJ, Krieger J, et al.Association of 100% fruit juice consumption and 3-year weight change among postmenopausal women in the in the Women’s Health Initiative.Prev Med. 2018;109:8-10. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.01.004
Rao MJ, Zuo H, Xu Q.Genomic insights into citrus domestication and its important agronomic traits.Plant Commun. 2020;2(1):100138. doi:10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100138
U.S. Department of Agriculture.Oranges, raw, navels.
U.S. Department of Agriculture.Blood oranges.
U.S. Department of Agriculture.Oranges, raw, California, Valencia.
U.S. Department of Agriculture.Clementine, raw.
U.S. Department of Agriculture.Tangerine, raw.
Soliman GA.Dietary fiber, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease.Nutrients. 2019;11(5):1155. doi:10.3390/nu11051155
Ma Y, Hu M, Zhou L, et al.Dietary fiber intake and risks of proximal and distal colon cancers: A meta-analysis.Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(36):e11678. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000011678
Lie L, Brown L, Forrester TE, et al.The association of dietary fiber intake with cardiometabolic risk in four countries across the epidemiologic transition.Nutrients. 2018;10(5):628. doi:10.3390/nu10050628
Iddir M, Brito A, Dingeo G, et al.Strengthening the immune system and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress through diet and nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 crisis.Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1562. doi:10.3390/nu12061562
Aune D, Keum N, Giovannucci E, et al.Dietary intake and blood concentrations of antioxidants and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause mortality.Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108(5):1069-1091. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy097
Singh A, Bains K, Kaur H.Effect of inclusion of key foods on in vitro iron bioaccessibility in composite meals.J Food Sci Technol. 2016;53(4):2033-2039. doi:10.1007/s13197-015-2154-z
Carr AC, Maggini S.Vitamin C and immune function.Nutrients. 2017;9(11):1211. doi:10.3390/nu9111211
MedlinePlus.Folic acid in diet.
Valls RM, Pedret A, Calderón-Pérez L, et al.Effects of hesperidin in orange juice on blood and pulse pressures in mildly hypertensive individuals: a randomized controlled trial (Citrus study).Eur J Nutr. 2021;60(3):1277-1288. doi:10.1007/s00394-020-02279-0
Salehi B, Fokou PVT, Sharifi-Rad M, et al.The therapeutic potential of naringenin: A review of clinical trials.Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2019;12(1):11. doi:10.3390/ph12010011
Massenti R, Perrone A, Livrea MA, Lo Bianco R.Regular consumption of fresh orange juice increases human skin carotenoid content.Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2015;66(6):718-721. doi:10.3109/09637486.2015.1077794
Burri BJ.Beta-cryptoxanthin as a source of vitamin A.J Sci Food Agric. 2015;95(9):1786-1794. doi:10.1002/jsfa.6942
Mozos I, Stoian D, Caraba A, et al.Lycopene and vascular health.Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:521. doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00521
Rodrigo MJ, Cilla A, Barberá R, Zacarías L.Carotenoid bioaccessibility in pulp and fresh juice from carotenoid-rich sweet oranges and mandarins.Food Funct. 2015;6(6):1950-1959. doi:10.1039/c5fo00258c
Mannucci C, Calapai F, Cardia L, et al.Clinical pharmacology of citrus aurantiumand citrus sinensisfor the treatment of anxiety.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018;2018:3624094. doi:10.1155/2018/3624094
U.S. Department of Agriculture.Orange juice, no pulp, not fortified, not from concentrate, refrigerated.
Alhabeeb H, Sohouli MH, Lari A, et al.Impact of orange juice consumption on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(12):3389-3402. doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1865263
Inomata N, Miyakawa M, Ikeda N, Oda K, Aihara M.Identification of gibberellin-regulated protein as a new allergen in orange allergy.Clin Exp Allergy. 2018;48(11):1509-1520. doi:10.1111/cea.13247
Kim JS, Kim BW.Are diet and micronutrients effective in treating gastroesophageal reflux disease especially in women?.J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2019;25(1):1-2. doi:10.5056/jnm18198
Jarosz M, Taraszewska A.Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease: the role of diet.Prz Gastroenterol. 2014;9(5):297-301. doi:10.5114/pg.2014.46166
Harvard Health Publishing.Grapefruit and medication: A cautionary note.
Auerbach BJ, Littman AJ, Krieger J, et al.Association of 100% fruit juice consumption and 3-year weight change among postmenopausal women in the in the Women’s Health Initiative.Prev Med. 2018;109:8-10. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.01.004
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