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Key Takeaways This article explains what exactly mRNA vaccines are and how they work. It also discusses how RNA vaccines are different from another advancement in disease prevention—DNA vaccines—along with the pros and cons of each type. COVID-19 Vaccines:Stay up to date on which vaccines are available, who can get them, and how safe they are. What Are DNA and RNA Vaccines? When you get the MMR vaccine, for example, your body is introduced to weakened forms of the measles, mumps, and rubella viruses that do not cause disease....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsLevels of SeniorityAttending PhysiciansResident PhysiciansIdentifying Who’s Who Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Levels of Seniority Attending Physicians Resident Physicians Identifying Who’s Who Attending and resident physicians both have medical degrees, but there are differences in the extent of their training and ability to provide care independently. Levels of Doctor Seniority Upon completion of four years of medical school, medical students graduate with either aDoctor of Medicine (MD)or aDoctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO)degree....

Key TakeawaysThe FDA expects to see safety and effectiveness data before it will approve any new vaccine.Outside advisory committees review the data on each new vaccine.Companies that get an emergency use authorization must continue clinical trials. This ensures there will be longer term information on safety and effectiveness.The FDA expects companies granted an emergency use authorization will also file for standard, non-emergency approval. Key Takeaways The FDA expects to see safety and effectiveness data before it will approve any new vaccine....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsWhat’s Biting Me?LocationAppearancePatternItchingTimingBug BehaviorInfestationWhen to Get Help Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents What’s Biting Me? Location Appearance Pattern Itching Timing Bug Behavior Infestation When to Get Help Pictures of bedbug bites and flea bites can be very helpful when trying to determine what is biting you. Bothbedbugand flea bites appear in clusters or groups, with multiple bites found in close proximity. Both cause small, red, and itchy bumps that may be more or less inflamed depending on your skin’s sensitivity level....

Key TakeawaysResearch shows that the U.S. population is one of the most stressed in the world.Eustress—a good kind of temporary stress—can be healthy and motivating when it comes to promoting alertness and cognitive function.Stress becomes problematic when it never or rarely subsides, and it can lead to physical symptoms such as tension headaches and chronic pain. Key Takeaways Research shows that the U.S. population is one of the most stressed in the world....

Low-functioning autism and high-functioning autism are outdated terms for what are now considered different levels of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Autism is a developmental disability of variable intensity that affects social interaction and communication. Autistic people tend to have narrowed or repetitive patterns of thought and behavior. It is not an illness but a type of neurodivergence. Rather than using functioning labels, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) usesthree levels of autismto diagnose the severity of impairment....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsOxycodone vs. Hydrocodone DifferencesForms and DosageEffectivenessSide EffectsRisksFrequently Asked Questions Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Oxycodone vs. Hydrocodone Differences Forms and Dosage Effectiveness Side Effects Risks Frequently Asked Questions This article will compare hydrocodone vs. oxycodone. It will explain the difference between oxycodone and hydrocodone, which is stronger, their side effects, and more. BackyardProduction / Getty Images Learn about the differences and similarities of oxycodone and hydrocodone....

Key TakeawaysPhysicians may prescribe type 2 diabetes drugs to lower blood sugar levels and promote weight loss in patients who meet specific criteria.These drugs can also lower the risk of events like heart attack or stroke.While using type 2 diabetes drugs off-label for weight loss can be extremely effective, they are generally not recommended for people who are not overweight or living with obesity. Key Takeaways Physicians may prescribe type 2 diabetes drugs to lower blood sugar levels and promote weight loss in patients who meet specific criteria....

Key TakeawaysPeople have little choice in which of the three vaccines approved for use in the United States they can get.Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson are similarly effective at preventing severe COVID-19.Johnson & Johnson’s single-dose vaccine seems to be slightly less linked to side effects like arm pain or fever.Although there are now three COVID-19 vaccines available, in general, people don’t get to choose which one they receive. Supplies are still limited—vaccination locations usually getting only one type at a time....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsWhy Replace Butter?Popular SubstitutesSubstitutes for BakingSubstitutes to Spread Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Why Replace Butter? Popular Substitutes Substitutes for Baking Substitutes to Spread Butter is a kitchen staple due to its taste and versatility in cooking and baking. Most people can eat butter in moderation. However, if you have issues such as a milk allergy, lactose intolerance, or weight management, you may want to avoid or cut down on butter....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsImpactsRelated ConditionsIs Alcohol Beneficial?Who Should Not Drink? Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Impacts Related Conditions Is Alcohol Beneficial? Who Should Not Drink? Alcohol consumption is closely related to heart disease and can increase your risk for cardiovascular disease. The risk increases the more you drink and is most substantial for women.Excessive alcohol consumption can cause may types of heart disease. Drinking, especially binge drinking, can raise blood pressure and heart rate, increase your risk for heart attack, and even lead to a condition calledalcoholic cardiomyopathy, a type of heart failure....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsHow They’re RelatedKnee Pain as a SymptomDiagnosisTreatment Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents How They’re Related Knee Pain as a Symptom Diagnosis Treatment Knee pain and lung cancer may not be what you commonly think of when joint pain symptoms occur, but knee pain can be a sign of lung cancer in very rare instances. It’s common to see a healthcare provider for knee pain, but you may want to discuss acancer screeningeven if you don’t have a cough, weight loss, or typical signs of lung cancer....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsCausesSymptomsDiagnosisTreatmentManagement Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Management A white rash on your skin can occur as a result of many skin conditions. Causes can range from somewhat harmless sun spots andmiliato more seriouspityriasis alba,vitiligo, andtinea versicolorthat can cause major changes in skin color. The most severe cause involves basal cell carcinoma, a form of skin cancer. Natalie Zotova / 500px / Getty Images...