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Get the facts about WASO, its impact on sleep quality and the individuals it’s most likely to affect with this review of the health problem. Tetra Images/Getty Images How Researchers Use WASO in Sleep Studies Medical researchers and sleep clinicians often use the term WASO insleep studiesto define the amount of time test subjects have spent awake after initially falling asleep and before they awaken for good. For example, an individual may go to bed at 11:30 p....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsCauses of Occasional HiccupsCauses of Constant HiccupsTreatmentWhy Hiccups OccurHow Long They Last Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Causes of Occasional Hiccups Causes of Constant Hiccups Treatment Why Hiccups Occur How Long They Last Hiccupsare a reflex involving thephrenic nerve,vagus nerve, or thoracic sympathetic fibers. The causes of hiccups range from acute factors like eating a large meal or drinking carbonated drinks to more persistent factors like central nervous system or gastrointestinal disorders....

Key TakeawaysStealthing, or non-consensual condom removal, is a civil offense under California law.In California, it’s now illegal to remove condom during sexual intercourse without the partner’s verbal consent.Some other countries have statutes or case laws about stealthing, but no other U.S. states have issued rulings about stealthing yet. Experts say the issue should be taken seriously and encourage more research and conversation about the topic. Key Takeaways Stealthing, or non-consensual condom removal, is a civil offense under California law....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsCausesParasites vs. IBSTestingTreatmentTracking PatternsWho’s Most at Risk? Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Causes Parasites vs. IBS Testing Treatment Tracking Patterns Who’s Most at Risk? Stoolscan come in all shapes, sizes, and colors. When there are white specks in the stool it is often fromundigested food. It can also be an undigested pill or an intestinal parasite. This article will discuss all the causes and their details....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsChoosing BreadsNutrition ProfileGlycemic IndexReading Labels Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Choosing Breads Nutrition Profile Glycemic Index Reading Labels The flour used to make bread comes from grain kernels, typically wheat.Whole grainshave all the parts of the kernel intact (bran, endosperm, and germ). Refined grains, like those used to make white bread, have had much of the kernel processed out, leaving only the endosperm....

People withpolycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) often have irregular or absent menstrual cycles, due to hormonal imbalances. Sometimes irregular periods are a sign of infertility in PCOS. Fortunately, menstrual irregularity and infertility can be treated. This article discusses how PCOS influences menstrual cycles and how to regulate it. skaman306 / Getty Images How PCOS Affects the Menstrual Cycle Among its effects, PCOS causes females to have higher levels of androgens like testosterone, and high levels of luteinizing hormone (a hormone that helps support ovulation and pregnancy)....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsWhy Delay Testing?Diagnosis of ExclusionWhat to Rule OutSymptom CriteriaTalking to Your DoctorFrequently Asked Questions Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Why Delay Testing? Diagnosis of Exclusion What to Rule Out Symptom Criteria Talking to Your Doctor Frequently Asked Questions Diagnosingfibromyalgia(FM) can be challenging. It’s not uncommon for someone to ask their healthcare provider if they could have the condition only to have the suggestion waved off....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsWhat Is CIU?CausesDiagnosisTreatmentWhen to See a ProviderFrequently Asked Questions Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents What Is CIU? Causes Diagnosis Treatment When to See a Provider Frequently Asked Questions Hives, orurticaria, are raised, often itchy welts or bumps. They appear when a trigger in the body (sometimes known and other times unknown) causes mast cells in the skin to release high levels ofhistamine, serotonin, or some other chemicals....

Robert L. Quigley, MD, DPhil, is the Senior Vice President and Global Medical Director, Corporate Health Solutions atInternational SOS&MedAire. After 25 years working in surgery, critical care, and immunology, he’s using his expertise to advise on crisis management, infectious disease, and health care. Here, he shares his thoughts on how employers can navigate COVID vaccine mandates. As COVID-19 cases decline across the United States and as employees are starting to return to the workplace, many employers are now looking to recalibrate their traditional business strategies....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsBirth Control ChangesStressExerciseDietary ChangesHormonesPregnancyWhat to Do NextWhen to Talk to Your Doctor Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Birth Control Changes Stress Exercise Dietary Changes Hormones Pregnancy What to Do Next When to Talk to Your Doctor A late period on birth control doesn’t necessarily mean that you are pregnant. Hormonal birth control is used to prevent pregnancy andregulate menstrual cycles. However, it is still possible to miss periods even on birth control....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsPotential ComplicationsGuidelines for FastingThe Days Before SurgeryLast Meal Before Surgery Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Potential Complications Guidelines for Fasting The Days Before Surgery Last Meal Before Surgery Eating or drinking too close to surgery involving generalanesthesiamay result in your surgery being postponed. This is because undigested food in your digestive tract can cause complications like vomiting and aspiration, when food comes up into the esophagus and lungs....

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsDefinitionSymptomsDiagnosisCausesTreatment Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Definition Symptoms Diagnosis Causes Treatment Snake phobia orophidiophobiais an extreme fear of snakes. Many people are afraid of snakes, but those with ophidiophobia have an extreme and irrational amount of fear. Ophidiophobia is sometimes also calledophiophobia. Ophidiophobia may occur alone or along with a fear of reptiles, which is calledherpetophobia. Alpgiray Kelem / Getty Images...

Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsInner Knee PainKneecap PainOuter Knee PainReferred Knee PainDiagnosisTreatment Table of ContentsView All View All Table of Contents Inner Knee Pain Kneecap Pain Outer Knee Pain Referred Knee Pain Diagnosis Treatment Twisting your knee can cause different types of pain depending on which structure of the knee is affected. While this type of injury most commonly affectsligamentsor C-shaped pieces of cartilage known as themeniscus, muscles, bones, and nerves can also be affected....