Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsMelanomaBasal Cell CarcinomaSquamous Cell CarcinomaMerkel Cell CarcinomaOther TypesWhy Is Early Detection Important?Tips for Self-Checks
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Melanoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Other Types
Why Is Early Detection Important?
Tips for Self-Checks
Looking atmelanomapictures can help you learn what to look for when you’re doing a skin self-exam at home. Melanoma is the most dangerous (and fatal) type ofskin cancer.But it is also important to learn how to spot other, more common skin cancers like basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas.
This article provides pictures of melanoma and other common types of skin cancer. It also discusses skin cancer symptoms and offers some tips on how to do skin cancer self-checks.
Jovanmandic / Getty Images
Melanomabegins in the cells that control the pigment, or color, of your skin.It is the most serious form of skin cancer, which can appear as:
Look for skin growths or patches that are different from other areas of the skin and change over time.Early stages ofmelanoma may look like a new mole, or changes in the shape, size, and color of an existing mole. Sometimes an early sign of melanoma is itching or bleeding of an existing mole.
Melanoma may also appear as a large spot or patch on the skin. Melanomas tend to have irregular borders and may include a range of colors from brown and blue to red, pink, or white.
Most melanomas are flat or slightly raised. Besides the way they look, they don’t usually have symptoms. These pictures of melanomas will help you distinguish between the four main types.
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoDermNet NZ
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See Photo
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.
DermNet NZ
Risk factors for melanoma include:
Some research suggests that genetics play a role in 72% of cases.
It’s good practice to have a dermatologist check out any new growths, even if they look normal.
The 5 Stages of Melanoma
The ABCDE Method to Check for Melanoma
Use theABCDEmethod to check for this form of cancer:
The ABCDE method can help you keep track of any mole changes that require a visit to the dermatologist.
Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons / Stevenfruitsmaak
What Benign Moles Look Like
Using Ugly Duckling Signs to Check for Melanoma
The “ugly duckling sign” is an observation method that helps people identify a mole that could be cancerous.
Nodular Melanoma
Nodular melanomacan develop on any part of the body. However, it occurs most often on:
A nodular melanoma may look like a mole. It can also look like a bug bite, pimple, or blood blister. While a bug bite, pimple, or blood blister will heal over a few days, however, a nodular melanoma does not go away.
Nodular melanomas are typically solid in color. It is often black, but it can also be pink, tan, blue, gray, red, or white.
Assigned males are more likely to develop nodular melanoma than assigned females. The condition is often found in adults over 50.
The EFG method can be used to detect this type of melanoma:
Nodular melanomas are fast-growing. A nodular melanoma will continue to grow past the typical two to three week growth of a new, normal mole.
Dysplastic Nevi
Most moles are benign, but about 10% of people in the United States have moles calleddysplastic nevithat may carry a greater risk for developing skin cancer. It is sometimes called an “aytpical mole” and is often bigger (more than 5 millimeters across) than a common mole.
The dysplastic nevus can be pink, dark brown, or a mixture in between. It’s typically flat and smooth, with an irregular border edge and a slightly scaly feel.
The risk of melanoma is about 10 times greater for someone with more than five dysplastic nevi than for someone who has none.
Amelanotic Melanoma
Anamelanoticmelanoma often has little to no color. It may have a pinkish or whitish appearance.
This type accounts for the majority of melanoma cases in children. It may be difficult to spot using the ABCDE method. That’s because this type of melanoma doesn’t have the typical features of other types of melanoma.
Acral Lentiginous Melanoma
Acral lentiginousmelanomaoccurs on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, orbeneath the nails. It can develop on its own or within an existing mole.
This type of skin cancer first appears as a discolored flat patch. It can infiltrate the skin when it passes from the top layer of skin into the dermis.
This type of melanoma typically looks like a large mole with a smooth surface. It thickens over time. Its color varies from a mixture of brown, blue, and grey to black and red colors.
This cancer is the most common form of skin cancer in people with black or brown skin, accounting for up to 75% of all melanoma cases in this group.
Assigned males and assigned females are equally affected. The majority of cases occur in adults over the age of 40.
Subungual Melanoma
Subungual melanoma(also called nail apparatus cancer) is uncommon but does occur more in darker-skinned people.Beyond genetic factors, though, these cancers also may occur for reasons including injury or trauma to a nail, or as a result of hair salon UV lamp exposure.
Symptoms include a dark streak (black, blue, or brown line) that runs parallel with the nail, though some may have no color. More lines typically appear over time.
Everything You Need to Know About Melanoma Treatment
Other types of skin cancer look different than the melanoma pictures above. While melanoma is often brown or black in color, other skin cancers are typically pink, red, or skin-colored.
Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoP. Marazzi / Getty Images
P. Marazzi / Getty Images
Nodular basal cell carcinomais most often found on the head. This type of cancer starts in basal cells. These cells make new skin cells and push the old ones towards the skin’s surface.
Nodular forms are most common in some nations, including 60% of all cases in the UK, but not in all countries.In the United States, it’s estimated that 3.6 million cases of basal cell carcinoma are diagnosed every year. Of those cases, about 2.1 to 2.8 million are nodular basal cell carcinoma.
Spending a lot of time in the sun increases your risk of developing nodular basal cell carcinoma. Otherrisk factorsinclude:
Although this type of cancer is common, it is highly treatable. The five-year relative survival rate is 100%.
Infiltrative Basal Cell Carcinoma
Infiltrative basal cell carcinomaoccurs when atumor, or abnormal growth, makes its way into thedermis. The dermis is the inner layer of the two main layers of skin.
Typically, infiltrative basal cell carcinoma appears as scar tissue or thickening of the skin.
Because of its location, this type of skin cancer is harder to diagnose and treat. It is also aggressive, which means it grows and spreads quickly. It requires abiopsy, or tissue or cell sample, to properly diagnose.
A specific type of surgery calledMohsis used to remove this type of basal cell carcinoma. During surgery, thin layers of skin are removed until there is no cancer tissue left.
Purpose of Mohs Surgery
Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma
Superficial basal cell carcinoma is also calledin situbasal-cell carcinoma. It is most common on the shoulders or the upper part of the torso. It can also be found on the legs and arms.
Superficial basal cell carcinoma isn’t generally invasive. This means it doesn’t spread to other parts of the body. It grows slowly and is fairly easy to spot and diagnose. It is reddish or pinkish in color and may crust over or ooze.
Superficial basal cell carcinoma accounts for roughly 15%–26% of all basal cell carcinoma cases.
Squamous cell carcinomaoccurs when the squamous cells become cancerous. These are small, flat cells in the middle and outer layers of the skin.
Early Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Early stage squamous cell carcinomas may appear as a bump or a flat, scaly patch.
This type of cancer has an extremely high survival rate. It can be aggressive in nature, though. Left untreated, it can spread to other parts of the body and cause serious complications.
Squamous cell carcinoma is mostly found on the parts of the body that get the most exposure to sun, such as:
It can also develop within scars, sores, or skin that has otherwise been damaged in some way.
In the early stages, a nodule will form. The nodule resembles an opalescent wart. This nodule may also have a dip in the middle that looks like a crater.
Lip CancerSquamous cell carcinoma is the most common type oflip cancer. It starts as a raised, wart-like bump that may or may not have a dimple in the middle.A scab-like crust may form, but the area won’t heal and may occasionally bleed.
Lip Cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type oflip cancer. It starts as a raised, wart-like bump that may or may not have a dimple in the middle.A scab-like crust may form, but the area won’t heal and may occasionally bleed.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Central Hyperkeratosis
Later-stage squamous cell carcinoma has a distinct appearance. The wart-like nodule changes into scaly, red patches calledhyperkeratosis. It can also present as an open sore.
When this happens, the crusted skin can bleed on and off andbecome itchy.
It is important to seek treatment at or before this stage. This is because squamous cell carcinoma may spread in the body. This can lead to more serious health concerns.
Squamous cell cancers affect roughly one million Americans every year. Assigned males are more likely to develop this type of cancer. People over 50 are also at a greater risk.
Other risk factors include:
People withxeroderma pigmentosumare also at a greater risk. This is a rare genetic condition that affects the body’s ability to repairDNA, or genetic material, in the skin after sun damage.
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoFuture FamDoc/Wikimedia Commons/CC-BY-SA-4.0
Actinic Keratosis
Actinic keratosis is another type of keratosis that can lead to squamous cell skin cancer. It occurs most common in fair-skinned people, middle-aged or older, with one or more skin lesions.
The spots feel rough and dry. They appear tan or pink, and often are found on the face, ears, lips, or nose. This is because of damage due to sunlight exposure.
An estimated 58 million people in the U.S. have one or more of these skin lesions, and between 40% and 60% of squamous cell carcinomas arise from these lesions. If untreated, 5% to 10% of these actinic keratosis lesions will progress to cancer.
Ulcerated Squamous Cell Carcinoma
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoResearch Gate
Research Gate
Marjolin ulcers form in skin that has been damaged in some way. They happen most often in skin that has been badly burned. They can also have other causes, such as:
Marjolin ulcers can take decades to develop. Despite that, this type of cancer is quite aggressive, even if it grows slowly. It can infiltrate, or spread to, other areas of the body.
In the early stages of this disease, the damaged skin where the ulcer formed will begin to itch and burn. A new sore will show up shortly afterwards.
The new sore is generally flat with hard, raised edges. Other symptoms may occur, such as:
Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ
Squamous cellcarcinoma in situis also known asBowen’s disease. It appears as a red or brownish patch orplaqueon the skin that grows slowly over time.It is a pre-cancerous condition, meaning it could turn into cancer if left untreated.
The patches are often found on the legs and lower parts of the body. They can also be found on the head and neck. In rare cases, the patches are found on the hands and feet, in the genital area, and around the anus.
The condition typically affects Caucasian individuals. Assigned females are more likely to develop Bowen’s disease than assigned males. The majority of cases are in adults over 60.
As with other skin cancers, Bowen’s disease can develop after long-term exposure to the sun. It can also develop following radiation treatment.
Other causes include:
Bowen’s disease is generally treatable. It doesn’t usually develop into squamous cell carcinoma. Up to 16% of cases develop into cancer.
What’s the Difference Between Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma?Both basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma aren’t usually life-threatening. Squamous cell carcinoma, though, is more likely to infiltrate the deeper layers of the skin.
What’s the Difference Between Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
Both basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma aren’t usually life-threatening. Squamous cell carcinoma, though, is more likely to infiltrate the deeper layers of the skin.
Merkel cell carcinoma is rare. It can look similar to the nodular melanoma picture above, but it grows faster.
Merkel cell carcinoma tends to impact the areas of the body that are exposed to the most sunlight. This type of skin cancer presents as a nodule that is flesh-colored or bluish-red.
It most commonly found on the face, head, or neck. Older adults are more likely to develop Merkel cell carcinoma.
Risk factors include:
It is very aggressive and can spread easily throughout the body. Its risk for returning is also high.
It is estimated that one in 130,000 people in the United States will develop Merkel cell carcinoma at some point in their lives.
The AEIOU method can help with early detection:
Merkel Cell Carcinoma, Collision Tumor
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.See PhotoEurope PMC
Europe PMC
A collision tumor occurs when there is more than one type of skin cancer on the same part of the body. This can happen with Merkel cell and squamous cell cancers. It can also happen with Merkel cell and Bowen’s disease or basal cell carcinoma.
Collision tumors are more likely to occur in adults over 60 following a lifetime of sun exposure.
Other Types of Skin Cancer
Some types of skin cancer are extremely rare. These include:
Skin Cancer Types: Most Common and Fatal Types with Pictures
The most common cause of skin cancer is prolonged exposure to the sun. However, skin cancer can also develop in areas where there has been no sun exposure.
Early detection of skin cancer is very important and increases the likelihood of survival. This is why knowing thesigns and symptoms of skin canceris so critical. This knowledge can help you decide if you need to get a suspicious lookingmole, or skin spot checked out.
When Is a Mole a Problem?If a new or existing mole begins to change, make an appointment with yourdermatologist, a doctor who specializes in skin, hair, and nails. Changes to watch for include:Changes in shape, color, or size,A mole that becomes flaky or crustyA mole that begins to bleedOn rare occasions, a mole can turn into melanoma. In early melanoma, the shape of a mole becomes asymmetrical and uneven.
When Is a Mole a Problem?
If a new or existing mole begins to change, make an appointment with yourdermatologist, a doctor who specializes in skin, hair, and nails. Changes to watch for include:Changes in shape, color, or size,A mole that becomes flaky or crustyA mole that begins to bleedOn rare occasions, a mole can turn into melanoma. In early melanoma, the shape of a mole becomes asymmetrical and uneven.
If a new or existing mole begins to change, make an appointment with yourdermatologist, a doctor who specializes in skin, hair, and nails. Changes to watch for include:
On rare occasions, a mole can turn into melanoma. In early melanoma, the shape of a mole becomes asymmetrical and uneven.
There are steps you can take to prevent skin cancer through routine self-checks. To do a self-check, you should:
You can use a hand mirror to see the back of your head and neck, and your back and buttocks.
You also can use tools like a body mole map to write down your self-exam results, or check out the How to SPOT Skin Cancer™ infographic available from the American Academy of Dermatology. It provides images of the ABCDE features of skin cancers.
Technology also is playing a role in cancer detection, with artificial intelligence (AI) programs now able to identify skin lesions with accuracy comparable to specialists.At home, you can take pictures of skin areas to compare any changes over time or share with a healthcare provider.
How to Tell the Difference Between Skin Cancer and a Mole
Summary
Learning how to spot different types of skin cancer can help you get an early diagnosis. Many skin cancers are very treatable in the early stages.
The four types of skin cancer include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma. Appearance may vary from person to person. If you notice nodules, crust, warts, sores, or patches on your body, it’s best to see your dermatologist right away.
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Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
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