Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsOverviewAvoid Head TraumaKeep Your Heart HealthyDon’t SmokeKeep ActiveImprove Your DietMaintain a Healthy WeightExercise Your MindControl Your Blood SugarSeek Social InteractionGet Ample SleepTreat DepressionFrequently Asked QuestionsNext in Alzheimer’s GuideWhat Is Alzheimer’s Disease?

Table of ContentsView All

View All

Table of Contents

Overview

Avoid Head Trauma

Keep Your Heart Healthy

Don’t Smoke

Keep Active

Improve Your Diet

Maintain a Healthy Weight

Exercise Your Mind

Control Your Blood Sugar

Seek Social Interaction

Get Ample Sleep

Treat Depression

Frequently Asked Questions

Next in Alzheimer’s Guide

In a world where thetreatment optionsforAlzheimer’s diseaseare marginal at best and no miracle drugs are in sight, the focus in the fight against Alzheimer’s is on prevention. While prevention strategies like immunizations aren’t available yet, research has identified several ways that you can decrease your risk for Alzheimer’s disease andother types of dementia. These include preserving your cardiovascular health, avoiding smoking, and regularly exercising.

While the outlook for Alzheimer’s is not what everyone would like it to be today, the potential of such prevention efforts is a definite positive.

Alistair Berg / Getty Images

Elderly couple doing jigsaw puzzle

How Effective Are Prevention Strategies?

While it’s true that other risk factors such as age, heredity, and family history play a role in determining your risk of Alzheimer’s, multiple research studies have concluded thatmodifiable factorslikely play a significant role in many cases of dementia as well.

However, it’s important to understand that while these strategies have been associated with reduced risk, they haven’t been directly shown tocausethe reduced risk. Rather, most research has demonstrated acorrelation,which shows a relationship to or a connection between the healthy living strategy and the reduced risk of dementia. One reason this is true of many studies is that research that determines cause is generally more difficult to conduct than research that shows correlation.

Additionally, there are some people that, although they practice many of these strategies and work hard to live a healthy life, still develop dementia

Science still has a ways to go when it comes to completely understanding what really causes dementia and, therefore, how people can fully prevent it from developing or treat it effectively after it is present. Nevertheless, the following strategies may help prevent Alzheimer’s and are worth adopting for that and many other health reasons.

Study Highlights 3 Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease

Protect Your Head

Many of the same strategies to reduce heart disease also benefit your brain. For example, research suggests that high blood pressure is correlated with an increased risk of dementia, while lowering it through exercise and a heart-healthy diet can reduce your risk.

What Is Alzheimer’s Disease?

Lighting up increases your risk for several types of cancer and lung diseases, but it also can hurt your brain. According to the World Health Organization, 14% of Alzheimer’s cases worldwide may be attributed to smoking tobacco.

Even secondhand smoke may increase your dementia risk.

Keep Moving

Physical exercise has been strongly correlated with a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer’s and other types of dementia. Studies have been conducted on several types of activity, including running, weight resistance training, and yoga, all of which showed the potential to reduce your risk of dementia.

Along with specific types of exercise,physical activity in general—includingdancingand gardening—has been connected to dementia prevention. Even just reducing your sedentary time is a good first step.

Eat Right

What you put in your mouth has a significant connection to the health of your brain. A healthy diet that helps reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s includes whole grains,nuts, legumes, fruits, andleafy green vegetables, among other foods, as well as limited sugar.

Adhering to the Mediterranean diet, which often contains many of these recommended foods, has been correlated with a host of health benefits, including improved brain functioning and fewer changes that are seen in Alzheimer’s disease.

Lower levels ofvitamin B12,vitamin D, and vitamin E have all been associated with decreased cognitive functioning in some research studies. In particular, a deficiency in vitamin B12 can cause significant memory loss and confusion that may be at least partially reversed through vitamin B12 supplementation. Likewise, higher levels of vitamin D and vitamin E have been linked to dementia prevention.

Foods to Reduce Alzheimer’s Risk

Keeping yourbody mass index(BMI) in a healthy range, especially in your middle years, has been tied to dementia prevention.

Mental activity has been associated with increasedcognitive reserve, which, in turn, has been connected with dementia prevention. Exercise your brain to keep it sharp.

Research connecting mental exercise to better brain health includes activities such as learning and using another language, doing crossword puzzles, playing card games, and even going online to participate in social media.

Along the same lines as mental exercise, cognitive training takes things a step further. It consists of spending structured time training your brain, almost as if you were working out with a personal trainer for your mind.

You could go back to school. Research has repeatedly connected higher education levels to a lower risk of cognitive impairment.Even if you don’t enroll officially, it’s important to keep learning throughout your whole life.

Some research suggests that you may want to switch it up. Learning about things that are unfamiliar to you can have more of a benefit than continuing to focus on the same topic that you’ve been interested in for many years.

A strong connection between higher blood sugar and dementia risk exists. The link is so profound that Alzheimer’s disease has been nicknamed “type 3 diabetes.“

Maintaining good control of your blood sugar, whether you have diabetes or not, can be thought of as preventive medicine for your brain.

Spending time with friends has been identified as an important factor, both for maintaining quality of life and for reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. It’s not necessarily the number of friends you have, but rather the quality and depth of the friendships that matters.

Get Better Sleep

The good news is that research has also shown that people who treated their sleep apnea with a machine that helps them breathe, such as aCPAPmachine, experienced a significant improvement in their cognitive functioning when compared to those who did not seek treatment.

Both early-life and later-life depression have been found to increase the risk of developing dementia. Why is uncertain, but the effects of depression can affect brain function.

It’s possible that addressing symptoms of depression could not only improve your quality of life, but perhaps also decrease your risk of later experiencing dementia.

Depression and Dementia Risk

Vaccines May Reduce Alzheimer’s Risk By Up To 40%

A Word From Verywell

Many of these well-researched steps to reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias are really just directions for healthy living. If you’re looking for more motivation to make the gym a priority, or to choose an apple instead of that bag of chips, the thought that you may be able to protect your brain from diseases like Alzheimer’s might provide just the push you need.

Given that the cause of Alzheimer’s is largely unknown, no single intervention has proven effective in preventing the disease. With that said, research strongly suggests that a healthy lifestyle, including routine exercise, ample sleep, and a healthy diet, may slow the progression of the disease and help preservecognitive function.

It is thought that a Western-type, meat-based diet promotesinflammationthat contributes to the accumulation ofplaques and nerve tanglesin the brains of people with Alzheimer’s. By contrast, aMediterranean diet(including the use ofextra virgin olive oil) may help reduce inflammation,free radicals, andcardiovascular diseaselinked to onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease.

18 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Mayer F, Di pucchio A, Lacorte E, et al.An Estimate of Attributable Cases of Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia due to Modifiable Risk Factors: The Impact of Primary Prevention in Europe and in Italy.Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2018;8(1):60-71. doi:10.1159/000487079Li Y, Li Y, Li X, et al.Head Injury as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 32 Observational Studies.PLoS ONE. 2017;12(1):e0169650. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169650Justin BN, Turek M, Hakim AM.Heart disease as a risk factor for dementia.Clin Epidemiol.2013;5:135-45. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S30621World Health Organization.Tobacco & Dementia. 2014.Khalsa DS, Perry G.The Four Pillars of Alzheimer’s Prevention.Cerebrum. 2017;2017.Karstens AJ, Tussing-humphreys L, Zhan L, et al.Associations of the Mediterranean diet with cognitive and neuroimaging phenotypes of dementia in healthy older adults.Am J Clin Nutr.2019;109(2):361-368. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy275Kennedy DO.B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy–A Review.Nutrients. 2016;8(2):68. doi:10.3390/nu8020068Park DC, Lodi-smith J, Drew L, et al.The impact of sustained engagement on cognitive function in older adults: the Synapse Project.Psychol Sci.2014;25(1):103-12. doi:10.1177/0956797613499592Tennstedt SL, Unverzagt FW.The ACTIVE study: study overview and major findings.J Aging Health.2013;25(8 Suppl):3S-20S. doi:10.1177/0898264313518133Andrade C, Radhakrishnan R.The prevention and treatment of cognitive decline and dementia: An overview of recent research on experimental treatments.Indian J Psychiatry. 2009;51(1):12-25. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.44900De la monte SM, Wands JR.Alzheimer’s disease is type 3 diabetes-evidence reviewed.J Diabetes Sci Technol.2008;2(6):1101-13. doi:10.1177/193229680800200619Emamian F, Khazaie H, Tahmasian M, et al.The Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis Perspective.Front Aging Neurosci. 2016;8:78. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2016.00078Zhao C, Noble JM, Marder K, Hartman JS, Gu Y, Scarmeas N.Dietary patterns, physical activity, sleep, and risk for dementia and cognitive decline.Curr Nutr Rep. 2018;7(4):335-345. doi:10.1007/s13668-018-0247-9Canhada S, Castro K, Perry IS, Luft VC.Omega-3 fatty acids’ supplementation in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review.Nutrition Neuroscience. 2018;21(8):529-38. doi:10.1080/1028415X.2017.1321813Browne D, McGuinness B, Woodside JV, McKay GJ.Vitamin E and Alzheimer’s disease: What do we know so far?Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1303-17.Feng Y, Wang X.Antioxidant therapies for Alzheimer’s disease.Oxidative Med Cell Longevity. 2012;2012:1-17. doi:10.1155/2012/472932Schultz SA, Larson J, Oh J, et al.Participation in cognitively-stimulating activities is associated with brain structure and cognitive function in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease.Brain Imaging Behav. 2015;9(4):729-36. doi:10.1007/s11682-014-9329-5Meng Q, Lin M-S, Tzeng I-S.Relationship between exercise and Alzheimer’s disease: a narrative literature review.Front Neurosci. 2020;14:131. doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00131Additional ReadingPrevention. Alzheimer’s Association.Assessing the Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease. National Institute on Aging. US Department of Health and Human Services. May 19, 2017.Mayer F, Di Pucchio A, Lacorte E, et al.An Estimate of Attributable Cases of Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia due to Modifiable Risk Factors: The Impact of Primary Prevention in Europe and in Italy.Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2018;8(1):60–71. Published 2018 Feb 21. doi:10.1159/000487079Wengreen H, Munger RG, Cutler A, et al.Prospective study of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension- and Mediterranean-style dietary patterns and age-related cognitive change: the Cache County Study on Memory, Health and Aging.Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98(5):1263–1271. doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.051276Xu W, Tan L, Wang H-F, et al.Meta-analysis of modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease.Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. August 2015:2015–310548

18 Sources

Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Mayer F, Di pucchio A, Lacorte E, et al.An Estimate of Attributable Cases of Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia due to Modifiable Risk Factors: The Impact of Primary Prevention in Europe and in Italy.Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2018;8(1):60-71. doi:10.1159/000487079Li Y, Li Y, Li X, et al.Head Injury as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 32 Observational Studies.PLoS ONE. 2017;12(1):e0169650. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169650Justin BN, Turek M, Hakim AM.Heart disease as a risk factor for dementia.Clin Epidemiol.2013;5:135-45. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S30621World Health Organization.Tobacco & Dementia. 2014.Khalsa DS, Perry G.The Four Pillars of Alzheimer’s Prevention.Cerebrum. 2017;2017.Karstens AJ, Tussing-humphreys L, Zhan L, et al.Associations of the Mediterranean diet with cognitive and neuroimaging phenotypes of dementia in healthy older adults.Am J Clin Nutr.2019;109(2):361-368. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy275Kennedy DO.B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy–A Review.Nutrients. 2016;8(2):68. doi:10.3390/nu8020068Park DC, Lodi-smith J, Drew L, et al.The impact of sustained engagement on cognitive function in older adults: the Synapse Project.Psychol Sci.2014;25(1):103-12. doi:10.1177/0956797613499592Tennstedt SL, Unverzagt FW.The ACTIVE study: study overview and major findings.J Aging Health.2013;25(8 Suppl):3S-20S. doi:10.1177/0898264313518133Andrade C, Radhakrishnan R.The prevention and treatment of cognitive decline and dementia: An overview of recent research on experimental treatments.Indian J Psychiatry. 2009;51(1):12-25. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.44900De la monte SM, Wands JR.Alzheimer’s disease is type 3 diabetes-evidence reviewed.J Diabetes Sci Technol.2008;2(6):1101-13. doi:10.1177/193229680800200619Emamian F, Khazaie H, Tahmasian M, et al.The Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis Perspective.Front Aging Neurosci. 2016;8:78. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2016.00078Zhao C, Noble JM, Marder K, Hartman JS, Gu Y, Scarmeas N.Dietary patterns, physical activity, sleep, and risk for dementia and cognitive decline.Curr Nutr Rep. 2018;7(4):335-345. doi:10.1007/s13668-018-0247-9Canhada S, Castro K, Perry IS, Luft VC.Omega-3 fatty acids’ supplementation in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review.Nutrition Neuroscience. 2018;21(8):529-38. doi:10.1080/1028415X.2017.1321813Browne D, McGuinness B, Woodside JV, McKay GJ.Vitamin E and Alzheimer’s disease: What do we know so far?Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1303-17.Feng Y, Wang X.Antioxidant therapies for Alzheimer’s disease.Oxidative Med Cell Longevity. 2012;2012:1-17. doi:10.1155/2012/472932Schultz SA, Larson J, Oh J, et al.Participation in cognitively-stimulating activities is associated with brain structure and cognitive function in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease.Brain Imaging Behav. 2015;9(4):729-36. doi:10.1007/s11682-014-9329-5Meng Q, Lin M-S, Tzeng I-S.Relationship between exercise and Alzheimer’s disease: a narrative literature review.Front Neurosci. 2020;14:131. doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00131Additional ReadingPrevention. Alzheimer’s Association.Assessing the Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease. National Institute on Aging. US Department of Health and Human Services. May 19, 2017.Mayer F, Di Pucchio A, Lacorte E, et al.An Estimate of Attributable Cases of Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia due to Modifiable Risk Factors: The Impact of Primary Prevention in Europe and in Italy.Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2018;8(1):60–71. Published 2018 Feb 21. doi:10.1159/000487079Wengreen H, Munger RG, Cutler A, et al.Prospective study of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension- and Mediterranean-style dietary patterns and age-related cognitive change: the Cache County Study on Memory, Health and Aging.Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98(5):1263–1271. doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.051276Xu W, Tan L, Wang H-F, et al.Meta-analysis of modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease.Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. August 2015:2015–310548

Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.

Mayer F, Di pucchio A, Lacorte E, et al.An Estimate of Attributable Cases of Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia due to Modifiable Risk Factors: The Impact of Primary Prevention in Europe and in Italy.Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2018;8(1):60-71. doi:10.1159/000487079Li Y, Li Y, Li X, et al.Head Injury as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 32 Observational Studies.PLoS ONE. 2017;12(1):e0169650. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169650Justin BN, Turek M, Hakim AM.Heart disease as a risk factor for dementia.Clin Epidemiol.2013;5:135-45. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S30621World Health Organization.Tobacco & Dementia. 2014.Khalsa DS, Perry G.The Four Pillars of Alzheimer’s Prevention.Cerebrum. 2017;2017.Karstens AJ, Tussing-humphreys L, Zhan L, et al.Associations of the Mediterranean diet with cognitive and neuroimaging phenotypes of dementia in healthy older adults.Am J Clin Nutr.2019;109(2):361-368. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy275Kennedy DO.B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy–A Review.Nutrients. 2016;8(2):68. doi:10.3390/nu8020068Park DC, Lodi-smith J, Drew L, et al.The impact of sustained engagement on cognitive function in older adults: the Synapse Project.Psychol Sci.2014;25(1):103-12. doi:10.1177/0956797613499592Tennstedt SL, Unverzagt FW.The ACTIVE study: study overview and major findings.J Aging Health.2013;25(8 Suppl):3S-20S. doi:10.1177/0898264313518133Andrade C, Radhakrishnan R.The prevention and treatment of cognitive decline and dementia: An overview of recent research on experimental treatments.Indian J Psychiatry. 2009;51(1):12-25. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.44900De la monte SM, Wands JR.Alzheimer’s disease is type 3 diabetes-evidence reviewed.J Diabetes Sci Technol.2008;2(6):1101-13. doi:10.1177/193229680800200619Emamian F, Khazaie H, Tahmasian M, et al.The Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis Perspective.Front Aging Neurosci. 2016;8:78. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2016.00078Zhao C, Noble JM, Marder K, Hartman JS, Gu Y, Scarmeas N.Dietary patterns, physical activity, sleep, and risk for dementia and cognitive decline.Curr Nutr Rep. 2018;7(4):335-345. doi:10.1007/s13668-018-0247-9Canhada S, Castro K, Perry IS, Luft VC.Omega-3 fatty acids’ supplementation in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review.Nutrition Neuroscience. 2018;21(8):529-38. doi:10.1080/1028415X.2017.1321813Browne D, McGuinness B, Woodside JV, McKay GJ.Vitamin E and Alzheimer’s disease: What do we know so far?Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1303-17.Feng Y, Wang X.Antioxidant therapies for Alzheimer’s disease.Oxidative Med Cell Longevity. 2012;2012:1-17. doi:10.1155/2012/472932Schultz SA, Larson J, Oh J, et al.Participation in cognitively-stimulating activities is associated with brain structure and cognitive function in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease.Brain Imaging Behav. 2015;9(4):729-36. doi:10.1007/s11682-014-9329-5Meng Q, Lin M-S, Tzeng I-S.Relationship between exercise and Alzheimer’s disease: a narrative literature review.Front Neurosci. 2020;14:131. doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00131

Mayer F, Di pucchio A, Lacorte E, et al.An Estimate of Attributable Cases of Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia due to Modifiable Risk Factors: The Impact of Primary Prevention in Europe and in Italy.Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2018;8(1):60-71. doi:10.1159/000487079

Li Y, Li Y, Li X, et al.Head Injury as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 32 Observational Studies.PLoS ONE. 2017;12(1):e0169650. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169650

Justin BN, Turek M, Hakim AM.Heart disease as a risk factor for dementia.Clin Epidemiol.2013;5:135-45. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S30621

World Health Organization.Tobacco & Dementia. 2014.

Khalsa DS, Perry G.The Four Pillars of Alzheimer’s Prevention.Cerebrum. 2017;2017.

Karstens AJ, Tussing-humphreys L, Zhan L, et al.Associations of the Mediterranean diet with cognitive and neuroimaging phenotypes of dementia in healthy older adults.Am J Clin Nutr.2019;109(2):361-368. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy275

Kennedy DO.B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy–A Review.Nutrients. 2016;8(2):68. doi:10.3390/nu8020068

Park DC, Lodi-smith J, Drew L, et al.The impact of sustained engagement on cognitive function in older adults: the Synapse Project.Psychol Sci.2014;25(1):103-12. doi:10.1177/0956797613499592

Tennstedt SL, Unverzagt FW.The ACTIVE study: study overview and major findings.J Aging Health.2013;25(8 Suppl):3S-20S. doi:10.1177/0898264313518133

Andrade C, Radhakrishnan R.The prevention and treatment of cognitive decline and dementia: An overview of recent research on experimental treatments.Indian J Psychiatry. 2009;51(1):12-25. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.44900

De la monte SM, Wands JR.Alzheimer’s disease is type 3 diabetes-evidence reviewed.J Diabetes Sci Technol.2008;2(6):1101-13. doi:10.1177/193229680800200619

Emamian F, Khazaie H, Tahmasian M, et al.The Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis Perspective.Front Aging Neurosci. 2016;8:78. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2016.00078

Zhao C, Noble JM, Marder K, Hartman JS, Gu Y, Scarmeas N.Dietary patterns, physical activity, sleep, and risk for dementia and cognitive decline.Curr Nutr Rep. 2018;7(4):335-345. doi:10.1007/s13668-018-0247-9

Canhada S, Castro K, Perry IS, Luft VC.Omega-3 fatty acids’ supplementation in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review.Nutrition Neuroscience. 2018;21(8):529-38. doi:10.1080/1028415X.2017.1321813

Browne D, McGuinness B, Woodside JV, McKay GJ.Vitamin E and Alzheimer’s disease: What do we know so far?Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1303-17.

Feng Y, Wang X.Antioxidant therapies for Alzheimer’s disease.Oxidative Med Cell Longevity. 2012;2012:1-17. doi:10.1155/2012/472932

Schultz SA, Larson J, Oh J, et al.Participation in cognitively-stimulating activities is associated with brain structure and cognitive function in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease.Brain Imaging Behav. 2015;9(4):729-36. doi:10.1007/s11682-014-9329-5

Meng Q, Lin M-S, Tzeng I-S.Relationship between exercise and Alzheimer’s disease: a narrative literature review.Front Neurosci. 2020;14:131. doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00131

Prevention. Alzheimer’s Association.Assessing the Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease. National Institute on Aging. US Department of Health and Human Services. May 19, 2017.Mayer F, Di Pucchio A, Lacorte E, et al.An Estimate of Attributable Cases of Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia due to Modifiable Risk Factors: The Impact of Primary Prevention in Europe and in Italy.Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2018;8(1):60–71. Published 2018 Feb 21. doi:10.1159/000487079Wengreen H, Munger RG, Cutler A, et al.Prospective study of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension- and Mediterranean-style dietary patterns and age-related cognitive change: the Cache County Study on Memory, Health and Aging.Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98(5):1263–1271. doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.051276Xu W, Tan L, Wang H-F, et al.Meta-analysis of modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease.Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. August 2015:2015–310548

Prevention. Alzheimer’s Association.

Assessing the Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease. National Institute on Aging. US Department of Health and Human Services. May 19, 2017.

Mayer F, Di Pucchio A, Lacorte E, et al.An Estimate of Attributable Cases of Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia due to Modifiable Risk Factors: The Impact of Primary Prevention in Europe and in Italy.Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2018;8(1):60–71. Published 2018 Feb 21. doi:10.1159/000487079

Wengreen H, Munger RG, Cutler A, et al.Prospective study of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension- and Mediterranean-style dietary patterns and age-related cognitive change: the Cache County Study on Memory, Health and Aging.Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98(5):1263–1271. doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.051276

Xu W, Tan L, Wang H-F, et al.Meta-analysis of modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease.Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. August 2015:2015–310548

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