Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsUsesSide EffectsDosageHow to StoreSimilar SupplementsSources & What to Look ForFrequently Asked Questions
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Uses
Side Effects
Dosage
How to Store
Similar Supplements
Sources & What to Look For
Frequently Asked Questions
Magnesium glycinate, a magnesium supplement, may have benefits, including lowering high blood pressure, reducing the risk of heart disease, and helping with bone growth and maintenance. Magnesium is also needed to repair damaged cells and ensure enough antioxidants are in the body.
Magnesium supplements are often used to combatmagnesium deficiency. As with most supplements, people should consult with a healthcare professional before adding it to their regimen.
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not regulate supplements the way it regulates prescription drugs. That means some supplement products may not contain what the label says. Whenchoosing a supplement, look for independently tested products and consult a healthcare provider, registered dietitian nutritionist (RD or RDN), or pharmacist.
JulPo / Getty Images
Uses and Benefits
People use magnesium supplements to potentially treat various health conditions that range from a general magnesium deficiency to those that specifically impact heart health. More extensive research is necessary, though, regarding the effectiveness of magnesium supplements—includingmagnesium glycinate—in combating specific health conditions.
What Happens When You Take Ashwagandha and Magnesium Together
Treating Magnesium Deficiency
While rare, it is possible to have a magnesium deficiency.
You might experience low magnesium levels if you consistently don’t get enough magnesium for long periods. Some people may also lose a lot of magnesium from certain health conditions or medications.
Aside from not getting adequate magnesium from foods or supplements, other potential causes of a magnesium deficiency include the following:
If you have a magnesium deficiency, short-term symptoms may include:
Long-term or worsening magnesium deficiency symptoms may include:
If you suspect that you’re experiencing a magnesium deficiency or if any of your symptoms feel life-threatening, call 911 and get medical help right away. Ablood testcan help determine whether you are experiencing hypomagnesemea (or too little magnesium in the blood).
Lowering Blood Pressure
There is research linking higher magnesium levels with a decrease inhypertension(or high blood pressure), with some studies providing stronger linkage and evidence than others.
A 2016 analysis of 34 trials found thatmagnesium supplementation lowered blood pressure. It showed a relationship between higher magnesium levels in the blood and lower diastolic (bottom number) blood pressure (DBP).
The analysis noted that benefits are greater in those with already low magnesium levels. More studies are needed to prove these effects.
Meanwhile, a 2019 review of studies showed that magnesium supplementation in patients with partially controlled hypertension (high blood pressure) and uncontrolled hypertension helped lower blood pressure. It had no effect on those with normal blood pressure or controlled hypertension.
In 2022, the FDA approved messaging on magnesium supplements that reads: “Supportive but inconclusive scientific evidence suggests that diets with adequate magnesium may reduce the risk of high blood pressure (hypertension), a condition associated with many factors.”Thus, additional research is needed to confirm that magnesium supplements can lower blood pressure.
Preventing Heart Disease
Similarly, studies have linked higher levels of magnesium to a decreased risk ofheart disease.
In a 2016 study, results suggested that low magnesium levels raise the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Low magnesium levels were also associated with an increased likelihood of death from coronary heart disease (CHD).
A 2018 study suggested that increasing dietary magnesium has overall health benefits (including a reduced risk of stroke, heart failure, and diabetes)—but not on CHD or cardiovascular disease (CVD).Meanwhile, another 2018 study noted that magnesium supplementation may be beneficial to patients with certain cardiac conditions.
More research is needed to assess whether dietary magnesium or magnesium supplementation (or both) is best to combat heart disease.
Other Uses
Researchers have looked at magnesium’s effects on the following conditions. However, more research is needed to prove its benefits.
What Are the Risks?
Magnesium supplements, as with many medications and natural products, may have side effects. Common side effects typically involve the digestive system, which may includediarrhea,nausea, andstomach cramps.
Severe side effects are possible, especially with large doses of magnesium. Examples of serious side effects include:
If you’re having a severe allergic reaction or if any of your symptoms feel life-threatening, call 911 and get medical help right away.
Precautions
A healthcare provider may advise against using magnesium glycinate if any of the following applies to you:
Severe allergic reaction: Avoid magnesium glycinate if you have a known allergy to it or its ingredients or parts. If you need clarification on whether it’s safe, ask a registered dietitian, pharmacist, or healthcare provider for more information.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding: There are recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) of magnesium from all sources—like foods and supplements—for pregnant andbreastfeedingpeople.
The RDA for pregnant people in the following age groups is:
But once you’re at least 9 years old, the upper limit (UL), meaning the maximum amountfor daily magnesium supplements, is 350 mg—whether pregnant or not.
The RDA for breastfeeding people in the following age groups is:
But once you’re at least 9 years old, the UL for daily magnesium supplements is 350 mg—whether or not you are breastfeeding.
Always contact a healthcare provider to discuss the benefits, risks, and requirements when pregnant or breastfeeding.
Older adults: Daily magnesium amounts are also recommended from all sources—like foods and supplements—for people older than 50. If you’re assigned male at birth, the RDA is 420 mg for this age group. And if you’re assigned female at birth, the RDA is 320 mg for this age group.
But once you’re at least 9 years old, the UL just magnesium supplements is 350 mg—regardless of your assigned sex at birth.
In general, use magnesium cautiously. Some older adults may have a higher likelihood of high magnesium levels and a higher risk of magnesium-related side effects.Since some older adults may have a higher likelihood of high magnesium levels, take magnesium glycinate cautiously if you are in this population.
Children: Daily magnesium amounts are recommended from foods and supplements for children of various ages:
But once your child is between 14 and 18, the RDAs slightly change depending on your child’s assigned sex at birth. If male, the RDA is 410 mg. If female, the RDA is 360 mg.Between the ages of 1 and 18, however, there is an upper limit for daily magnesium supplements.
As for between birth and up to 1 year of age, there are no established upper limits for daily magnesium supplements yet.But magnesium glycinate product labels are unlikely to target infants.
Heart-related conditions: Magnesium may affect your blood pressure and heart rhythm.For this reason, a healthcare provider may want to monitor you and make any necessary medication adjustments closely.
Diabetes: Magnesium may affect your blood sugar, and diabetes may affect your magnesium levels. For these reasons, a healthcare provider may want to monitor you and make any necessary medication adjustments closely.
Digestive system conditions: Digestive system conditions might increase the risk of problems with your magnesium levels.Therefore, a healthcare provider may want to monitor your magnesium levels and make necessary supplementation adjustments.
Kidney problems: Large amounts of magnesium may worsen kidney problems. If you already have some kidney impairment, you might have a higher risk of side effects from magnesium.
Mood conditions: Magnesium—especially in large amounts—may result in mood changes.For this reason, a healthcare provider may want to monitor your condition and make any necessary medication changes closely.
Osteoporosis: Magnesium may have some effect on your bone health.A healthcare provider may want to monitor you and make any necessary medication changes closely.
Interactions
Magnesium might interact with the following medications:
It is essential to carefully read a supplement’s ingredients list and nutrition facts panel to know which ingredients and how much of each ingredient is included.
Please review this supplement label with your healthcare provider to discuss potential interactions with foods, other supplements, and medications.
10 Medications You Should Avoid Mixing With Magnesium
Dosage: How Much Should I Take?
Always speak with a healthcare provider before taking a supplement to ensure that the supplement and dosage are appropriate for your individual needs.
RDA is how much vitamin or mineral is needed daily. These RDAs may vary based on age, sex, pregnancy, and breastfeeding status.
However, in clinical trials that studied the potential effects of magnesium, the recommended amounts of magnesium from food sources, supplement dosages, and types varied.
Types of magnesium include:
The different types of magnesium are divided into organic salt of magnesium, like magnesium glycinate, or inorganic salt of magnesium sources, which are absorbed differently.
As for magnesium’s potential effect on blood pressure, the FDA approved a qualified health claim for using magnesium to lower high blood pressure risk, although noting that the evidence was “supportive but inconclusive.” The dosage was a minimum of 84 mg and a maximum of 350 mg for each serving.
Supplement Facts
What Happens If I Take Too Much?
If you take too much magnesium, toxicity is possible.
Generally, the RDA of magnesium from all sources—like foods and supplements—is based on age and sex. This is also the case for daily magnesium supplements' UL.
But once you’re 9 years old, the UL for daily magnesium supplements is typically 350 mg, the same for everyone.
If you accidentally take too much magnesium glycinate supplement, overdose symptoms are likely similar to magnesium’s severe and potential side effects.This may include:
If you think you took too much magnesium or you suspect you are experiencing life-threatening side effects, seek immediate medical attention.
How to Store the Supplement
Storage instructions may vary for different products. Carefully read the directions and packaging label on the container.
Generally, most medicines' optimal storage condition is in a cool and dry place. You should also keep your medications tightly closed and out of the reach of children and pets, ideally locked in a cabinet or closet.
Discard after one year or as indicated on the packaging. Avoid putting unused and expired products down the drain or in the toilet. Visit the FDA website to learn where and how to discard all unused and expired medications.
You can also find disposal boxes in your area.
Ask a pharmacist or healthcare provider any questions about how to dispose of your medications or natural products.
If you plan totravel, you can get familiar with your final destination’s regulations with magnesium glycinate. Also, checking with the U.S. Embassy and Consulate might be a helpful resource for you.
Magnesium glycinate has potential uses for heart-related conditions, high blood sugar, osteoporosis, migraines, depression, and magnesium deficiency.
Other similar supplements may include:
Only combine multiple natural products once you first talk with a healthcare provider, pharmacist, or dietitian.
Checking in can help you avoid possible harmful interactions and side effects and ensure you’re giving these supplements a fair trial at appropriate doses.
Sources of Magnesium & What to Look For
There are several different sources of magnesium, but nutrition guidelines typically place more importance on food sources to improve the diet.
Although food sources are preferable, there is still a place for supplements for people with nutrient absorption problems. This may happen to people in certain age groups or with certain medical conditions.
Food Sources of Magnesium
Magnesium is widely available in various foods and beverages. Pumpkin seeds, chia seeds, and almonds arerich sources of magnesium. And food with fiber—like leafy green vegetables—typically contains magnesium. Some foods—like cereal—may also be fortified with magnesium.
Magnesium Glycinate Supplements
Magnesium glycinate is commonly available in tablet form.
Other dosage forms of magnesium glycinate may also include:
Some of these other dosage forms might be in combination with other ingredients. You may also see vegetarian and vegan options.
Your specific product will depend on what you want and what you hope to get about effects. Each product may work a bit differently, depending on the form.
Summary
Magnesium glycinate is a type of magnesium supplement. Aside from magnesium deficiency, magnesium supplements have a few potential uses, such as improving heart-related conditions, high blood pressure, bone health, migraines, and depression. However, more extensive research is needed.
It’s important to see a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment of any medical condition.
Frequently Asked QuestionsSimilar to other forms of magnesium, magnesium glycinate is typically used as a supplement for magnesium deficiency.But compared to other forms of magnesium, magnesium glycinate is considered an organic salt of magnesium.Organic magnesium salts have better solubility and bioavailability than inorganic magnesium salts—like magnesium oxide.Your body will likely absorb magnesium glycinate better than inorganic magnesium salts into your bloodstream.While both magnesium and manganese are minerals in your body, they’re not the exact same type of mineral.Magnesium glycinate supplements are available in a few different dosage forms—with tablets potentially being the most common.
Similar to other forms of magnesium, magnesium glycinate is typically used as a supplement for magnesium deficiency.But compared to other forms of magnesium, magnesium glycinate is considered an organic salt of magnesium.Organic magnesium salts have better solubility and bioavailability than inorganic magnesium salts—like magnesium oxide.Your body will likely absorb magnesium glycinate better than inorganic magnesium salts into your bloodstream.
Similar to other forms of magnesium, magnesium glycinate is typically used as a supplement for magnesium deficiency.
But compared to other forms of magnesium, magnesium glycinate is considered an organic salt of magnesium.
Organic magnesium salts have better solubility and bioavailability than inorganic magnesium salts—like magnesium oxide.
Your body will likely absorb magnesium glycinate better than inorganic magnesium salts into your bloodstream.
While both magnesium and manganese are minerals in your body, they’re not the exact same type of mineral.
Magnesium glycinate supplements are available in a few different dosage forms—with tablets potentially being the most common.
35 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.PubChem.Magnesium glycinate.National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements.Magnesium: health professional fact sheet.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Diabetes basics.Zhang X, Li Y, Del Gobbo LC, et al.Effects of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials.Hypertension. 2016;68(2):324-33. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07664Rosanoff A, Costello RB, Johnson GH.Effectively prescribing oral magnesium therapy for hypertension: a categorized systematic review of 49 clinical trials.Nutrients. 2021;13(1):195. doi:10.3390/nu13010195Food and Drug Administration.RE: Petition for a qualified health claim for magnesium and reduced risk of high blood pressure (hypertension) (docket No. FDA-2016-Q-3770).Kieboom BCT, Niemeijer MN, Geening MJG, et al.Serum magnesium and the risk of death from coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death.J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(1):e002707. doi:10.1161/JAHA.115.002707Fang X, Wang K, Han D, et al.Dietary magnesium intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.BMC Med. 2016;14(1):210. doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0742-zDiNicolantonio JJ, Liu J, O’Keefe JH.Magnesium for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.Open Heart. 2018;5(2):e000775. doi:10.1136/openhrt-2018-000775Larsson SC, Orsini N, Wolk A.Dietary magnesium intake and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective studies 1, 2, 3, 4.Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;95(2):362-366. doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.022376Schulze MB, Schulz M, Heidemann C.Fiber and magnesium intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study and meta-analysis.Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(9):956-965. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.9.956Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ.Magnesium and type 2 diabetes.World J Diabetes. 2015;6(10):1152-7. doi:10.4239/wjd.v6.i10.1152Dong JY, Xun P, He K, et al.Magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Diabetes Care. 2011;34(9):2116-2122. doi:10.2337/dc11-0518Evert AB, Boucher JL, Cypress M, et al.Nutrition therapy recommendations for the management of adults with diabetes.Diabetes Care. 2013;36(11):3821-3842. doi:10.2337/dc13-2042Rondanelli M, Faliva MA, Tartara A, et al.An update on magnesium and bone health.Biometals. 2021;34(4):715-736. doi:10.1007/s10534-021-00305-0Holland S, Silberstein SD, Freitag F, et al.Evidence-based guideline update: NSAIDs and other complementary treatments for episodic migraine prevention in adults.Neurology. 2012;78(17):1346-1353. doi:10.1212%2FWNL.0b013e3182535d0cArmstrong C; American Academy of Neurology; American Headache Society.AAN/AHS update recommendations for migraine prevention in adults.Am Fam Physician. 2013;87(8):584-585.Schwalfenberg GK, Genuis SJ.The importance of magnesium in clinical healthcare.Scientifica (Cairo). 2017;2017:4179326. doi:10.1155/2017/4179326Boyle NB, Lawton C, Dye L.The effects of magnesium supplementation on subjective anxiety and stress—a systematic review.Nutrients. 2017;9(5):429. doi:10.3390/nu9050429National Kidney Foundation.10 signs you may have kidney disease.Al Alawi AM, Majoni SW, Falhammar H.Magnesium and human health: perspectives and research directions.Int J Endocrinol. 2018;2018:9041694. doi:10.1155%2F2018%2F9041694National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements.Dietary supplement label database: magnesium glycinate.Dickinson HO, Nicolson D, Campbell F, et al.Magnesium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;3:CD004640. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004640.pub2Kass L, Weekes J, Carpenter L.Effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis.Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012;66(4):411-418. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2012.4Blancquaert L, Vervaet C, Derave W.Predicting and testing bioavailability of magnesium supplements.Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1663. doi: 10.3390%2Fnu11071663Food and Drug Administration.Where and how to disposed of unused medicines.National Association Boards of Pharmacy.Drug disposal.USEmbassy.gov.Home.National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.6 things to know about type 2 diabetes and dietary supplements.National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Cardiovascular disease and complementary health approaches.National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Hypertension (high blood pressure).National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Headaches: What you need to know.National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Depression.Lentjes MAH.The balance between food and dietary supplements in the general population.Proc Nutr Soc. 2019;78(1):97-109. doi:10.1017%2FS0029665118002525National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Vitamins and minerals.
35 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.PubChem.Magnesium glycinate.National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements.Magnesium: health professional fact sheet.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Diabetes basics.Zhang X, Li Y, Del Gobbo LC, et al.Effects of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials.Hypertension. 2016;68(2):324-33. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07664Rosanoff A, Costello RB, Johnson GH.Effectively prescribing oral magnesium therapy for hypertension: a categorized systematic review of 49 clinical trials.Nutrients. 2021;13(1):195. doi:10.3390/nu13010195Food and Drug Administration.RE: Petition for a qualified health claim for magnesium and reduced risk of high blood pressure (hypertension) (docket No. FDA-2016-Q-3770).Kieboom BCT, Niemeijer MN, Geening MJG, et al.Serum magnesium and the risk of death from coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death.J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(1):e002707. doi:10.1161/JAHA.115.002707Fang X, Wang K, Han D, et al.Dietary magnesium intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.BMC Med. 2016;14(1):210. doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0742-zDiNicolantonio JJ, Liu J, O’Keefe JH.Magnesium for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.Open Heart. 2018;5(2):e000775. doi:10.1136/openhrt-2018-000775Larsson SC, Orsini N, Wolk A.Dietary magnesium intake and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective studies 1, 2, 3, 4.Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;95(2):362-366. doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.022376Schulze MB, Schulz M, Heidemann C.Fiber and magnesium intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study and meta-analysis.Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(9):956-965. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.9.956Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ.Magnesium and type 2 diabetes.World J Diabetes. 2015;6(10):1152-7. doi:10.4239/wjd.v6.i10.1152Dong JY, Xun P, He K, et al.Magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Diabetes Care. 2011;34(9):2116-2122. doi:10.2337/dc11-0518Evert AB, Boucher JL, Cypress M, et al.Nutrition therapy recommendations for the management of adults with diabetes.Diabetes Care. 2013;36(11):3821-3842. doi:10.2337/dc13-2042Rondanelli M, Faliva MA, Tartara A, et al.An update on magnesium and bone health.Biometals. 2021;34(4):715-736. doi:10.1007/s10534-021-00305-0Holland S, Silberstein SD, Freitag F, et al.Evidence-based guideline update: NSAIDs and other complementary treatments for episodic migraine prevention in adults.Neurology. 2012;78(17):1346-1353. doi:10.1212%2FWNL.0b013e3182535d0cArmstrong C; American Academy of Neurology; American Headache Society.AAN/AHS update recommendations for migraine prevention in adults.Am Fam Physician. 2013;87(8):584-585.Schwalfenberg GK, Genuis SJ.The importance of magnesium in clinical healthcare.Scientifica (Cairo). 2017;2017:4179326. doi:10.1155/2017/4179326Boyle NB, Lawton C, Dye L.The effects of magnesium supplementation on subjective anxiety and stress—a systematic review.Nutrients. 2017;9(5):429. doi:10.3390/nu9050429National Kidney Foundation.10 signs you may have kidney disease.Al Alawi AM, Majoni SW, Falhammar H.Magnesium and human health: perspectives and research directions.Int J Endocrinol. 2018;2018:9041694. doi:10.1155%2F2018%2F9041694National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements.Dietary supplement label database: magnesium glycinate.Dickinson HO, Nicolson D, Campbell F, et al.Magnesium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;3:CD004640. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004640.pub2Kass L, Weekes J, Carpenter L.Effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis.Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012;66(4):411-418. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2012.4Blancquaert L, Vervaet C, Derave W.Predicting and testing bioavailability of magnesium supplements.Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1663. doi: 10.3390%2Fnu11071663Food and Drug Administration.Where and how to disposed of unused medicines.National Association Boards of Pharmacy.Drug disposal.USEmbassy.gov.Home.National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.6 things to know about type 2 diabetes and dietary supplements.National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Cardiovascular disease and complementary health approaches.National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Hypertension (high blood pressure).National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Headaches: What you need to know.National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Depression.Lentjes MAH.The balance between food and dietary supplements in the general population.Proc Nutr Soc. 2019;78(1):97-109. doi:10.1017%2FS0029665118002525National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Vitamins and minerals.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
PubChem.Magnesium glycinate.National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements.Magnesium: health professional fact sheet.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Diabetes basics.Zhang X, Li Y, Del Gobbo LC, et al.Effects of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials.Hypertension. 2016;68(2):324-33. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07664Rosanoff A, Costello RB, Johnson GH.Effectively prescribing oral magnesium therapy for hypertension: a categorized systematic review of 49 clinical trials.Nutrients. 2021;13(1):195. doi:10.3390/nu13010195Food and Drug Administration.RE: Petition for a qualified health claim for magnesium and reduced risk of high blood pressure (hypertension) (docket No. FDA-2016-Q-3770).Kieboom BCT, Niemeijer MN, Geening MJG, et al.Serum magnesium and the risk of death from coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death.J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(1):e002707. doi:10.1161/JAHA.115.002707Fang X, Wang K, Han D, et al.Dietary magnesium intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.BMC Med. 2016;14(1):210. doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0742-zDiNicolantonio JJ, Liu J, O’Keefe JH.Magnesium for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.Open Heart. 2018;5(2):e000775. doi:10.1136/openhrt-2018-000775Larsson SC, Orsini N, Wolk A.Dietary magnesium intake and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective studies 1, 2, 3, 4.Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;95(2):362-366. doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.022376Schulze MB, Schulz M, Heidemann C.Fiber and magnesium intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study and meta-analysis.Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(9):956-965. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.9.956Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ.Magnesium and type 2 diabetes.World J Diabetes. 2015;6(10):1152-7. doi:10.4239/wjd.v6.i10.1152Dong JY, Xun P, He K, et al.Magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Diabetes Care. 2011;34(9):2116-2122. doi:10.2337/dc11-0518Evert AB, Boucher JL, Cypress M, et al.Nutrition therapy recommendations for the management of adults with diabetes.Diabetes Care. 2013;36(11):3821-3842. doi:10.2337/dc13-2042Rondanelli M, Faliva MA, Tartara A, et al.An update on magnesium and bone health.Biometals. 2021;34(4):715-736. doi:10.1007/s10534-021-00305-0Holland S, Silberstein SD, Freitag F, et al.Evidence-based guideline update: NSAIDs and other complementary treatments for episodic migraine prevention in adults.Neurology. 2012;78(17):1346-1353. doi:10.1212%2FWNL.0b013e3182535d0cArmstrong C; American Academy of Neurology; American Headache Society.AAN/AHS update recommendations for migraine prevention in adults.Am Fam Physician. 2013;87(8):584-585.Schwalfenberg GK, Genuis SJ.The importance of magnesium in clinical healthcare.Scientifica (Cairo). 2017;2017:4179326. doi:10.1155/2017/4179326Boyle NB, Lawton C, Dye L.The effects of magnesium supplementation on subjective anxiety and stress—a systematic review.Nutrients. 2017;9(5):429. doi:10.3390/nu9050429National Kidney Foundation.10 signs you may have kidney disease.Al Alawi AM, Majoni SW, Falhammar H.Magnesium and human health: perspectives and research directions.Int J Endocrinol. 2018;2018:9041694. doi:10.1155%2F2018%2F9041694National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements.Dietary supplement label database: magnesium glycinate.Dickinson HO, Nicolson D, Campbell F, et al.Magnesium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;3:CD004640. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004640.pub2Kass L, Weekes J, Carpenter L.Effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis.Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012;66(4):411-418. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2012.4Blancquaert L, Vervaet C, Derave W.Predicting and testing bioavailability of magnesium supplements.Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1663. doi: 10.3390%2Fnu11071663Food and Drug Administration.Where and how to disposed of unused medicines.National Association Boards of Pharmacy.Drug disposal.USEmbassy.gov.Home.National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.6 things to know about type 2 diabetes and dietary supplements.National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Cardiovascular disease and complementary health approaches.National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Hypertension (high blood pressure).National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Headaches: What you need to know.National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Depression.Lentjes MAH.The balance between food and dietary supplements in the general population.Proc Nutr Soc. 2019;78(1):97-109. doi:10.1017%2FS0029665118002525National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Vitamins and minerals.
PubChem.Magnesium glycinate.
National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements.Magnesium: health professional fact sheet.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Diabetes basics.
Zhang X, Li Y, Del Gobbo LC, et al.Effects of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials.Hypertension. 2016;68(2):324-33. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07664
Rosanoff A, Costello RB, Johnson GH.Effectively prescribing oral magnesium therapy for hypertension: a categorized systematic review of 49 clinical trials.Nutrients. 2021;13(1):195. doi:10.3390/nu13010195
Food and Drug Administration.RE: Petition for a qualified health claim for magnesium and reduced risk of high blood pressure (hypertension) (docket No. FDA-2016-Q-3770).
Kieboom BCT, Niemeijer MN, Geening MJG, et al.Serum magnesium and the risk of death from coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death.J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(1):e002707. doi:10.1161/JAHA.115.002707
Fang X, Wang K, Han D, et al.Dietary magnesium intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.BMC Med. 2016;14(1):210. doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0742-z
DiNicolantonio JJ, Liu J, O’Keefe JH.Magnesium for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.Open Heart. 2018;5(2):e000775. doi:10.1136/openhrt-2018-000775
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