Doctors use several assessment tools to diagnoseAlzheimer’s diseaseor other dementias, including tests that evaluate cognitive skills and memory. The results of these tests are sent to your healthcare provider, who will work with you to determine the next steps in evaluation or care.Tests for dementia provide one piece of the puzzle. They should not substitute for a fulldiagnostic evaluation, which may also include imaging and blood tests.This article reviews common tests used to screen for dementia and offers insight into what happens after you get your test results.Who Should Be Screened for Alzheimer’s or Dementia?Persons who show the following early signs and symptoms of Alzheimer’s or dementia should get screened:Memory loss that disrupts daily lifeDifficulty with planning or solving problemsTrouble completing familiar tasksConfusion with time or placeTrouble understanding visual images and spatial relationshipsNew problems with speaking or writingMisplacing items and recalling eventsPoor judgementWithdrawal from work and social activitiesChanges in mood and personality
Doctors use several assessment tools to diagnoseAlzheimer’s diseaseor other dementias, including tests that evaluate cognitive skills and memory. The results of these tests are sent to your healthcare provider, who will work with you to determine the next steps in evaluation or care.
Tests for dementia provide one piece of the puzzle. They should not substitute for a fulldiagnostic evaluation, which may also include imaging and blood tests.
This article reviews common tests used to screen for dementia and offers insight into what happens after you get your test results.
Who Should Be Screened for Alzheimer’s or Dementia?
Persons who show the following early signs and symptoms of Alzheimer’s or dementia should get screened:
1Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)FatCamera / Getty ImagesTheMini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) is widely used and reliable in detecting Alzheimer’s disease, available since 1975. Taking about 10 minutes to complete, the MMSE measures aspects of cognition that includeorientation, word recall, attention and calculation, language abilities, andvisual construction. Scores may need to be adjusted or interpreted differently to account for a person’s age, educational level, and ethnicity/race.2Mini-CogTheMini-Cogis a rapid Alzheimer’s screening test that takes only 3-5 minutes to administer. It combines a three-item recall with theclock-drawing testand can help to determine whether someone does or does not have dementia. Although the test is widely used and reports have been positive, a rigorous research review reports that more evidence is needed to recommend its use as an accurate screening test, and as with other screening tools do not substitute for a thorough diagnostic workup.3Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)TheMontreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA) is a relatively simple, brief test that helps health professionals determine quickly whether a person has abnormal cognitive function and may need a more thorough diagnostic workup for Alzheimer’s disease. Unlike the MMSE, the MoCA includes a clock-drawing test and a test of executive function known asTrails B. It may predict dementia in people withmild cognitive impairment(MCI), and it has been shown to identify cognitive problems in people withParkinson’s diseaseand other neurodegenerative disorders.4Saint Louis University Mental Status Exam (SLUMS)TheSaint Louis University Mental Status Exam(SLUMS) is an 11-item Alzheimer’s screening test that is especially good at identifying people with milder cognitive problems that don’t yet rise to the level of dementia. It has been studied with hundreds of veterans and includes items such as the naming of animals (similar to averbal fluency test) and recognition of geometric figures.5AD8 Informant InterviewThe AD-8 Informant Interview is an 8-item questionnaire that distinguishes between people who have dementia and people who don’t.It is considered an informant-based assessment because instead of the patient being questioned, the patient’s informant (usually a spouse, child, or non-family caregiver) is asked to assess whether there have been changes in the past few years in certain areas of cognition and functioning. These include memory, orientation, executive function, and interest in activities. The AD8 has a yes or no format and takes only three minutes or so to complete.6The Clock-Drawing Test for Alzheimer’sTheClock-Drawing Testis a simple test that is often incorporated into other Alzheimer’s screening tests. The person is asked to draw a clock, put in all the numbers, and set the hands at ten past eleven. Abnormal clock drawing tests suggest problems with memory, executive function, or visuospatial abilities.7The Brief Alzheimer’s Screening TestThis short screening asks the test taker to repeat three words immediately after hearing them. Next, two tasks that distract from those three words are performed: a short version of the verbal fluency test where the person is asked to name as many animals as they can in 30 seconds and spelling “WORLD” backward. Finally, the person is asked to remember and recite the three words from the beginning of the screening process.8The 7 Minute ScreenThis screening test has been shown to be effective in identifying mild cognitive impairment, a condition that sometimes escapes detection with other screening tests. The7 Minute Screeninvolves enhanced cued recall, orientation questions, verbal fluency, and the clock test.9The SAGE At-Home TestTheSAGE at-home testis designed to be used at home and then brought to a physician for review after completion.It evaluates several different areas including memory, orientation, executive functioning, language and naming abilities, and visual-spatial abilities.
1Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)FatCamera / Getty ImagesTheMini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) is widely used and reliable in detecting Alzheimer’s disease, available since 1975. Taking about 10 minutes to complete, the MMSE measures aspects of cognition that includeorientation, word recall, attention and calculation, language abilities, andvisual construction. Scores may need to be adjusted or interpreted differently to account for a person’s age, educational level, and ethnicity/race.
1
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)FatCamera / Getty ImagesTheMini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) is widely used and reliable in detecting Alzheimer’s disease, available since 1975. Taking about 10 minutes to complete, the MMSE measures aspects of cognition that includeorientation, word recall, attention and calculation, language abilities, andvisual construction. Scores may need to be adjusted or interpreted differently to account for a person’s age, educational level, and ethnicity/race.
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
FatCamera / Getty Images
TheMini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) is widely used and reliable in detecting Alzheimer’s disease, available since 1975. Taking about 10 minutes to complete, the MMSE measures aspects of cognition that includeorientation, word recall, attention and calculation, language abilities, andvisual construction. Scores may need to be adjusted or interpreted differently to account for a person’s age, educational level, and ethnicity/race.
2Mini-CogTheMini-Cogis a rapid Alzheimer’s screening test that takes only 3-5 minutes to administer. It combines a three-item recall with theclock-drawing testand can help to determine whether someone does or does not have dementia. Although the test is widely used and reports have been positive, a rigorous research review reports that more evidence is needed to recommend its use as an accurate screening test, and as with other screening tools do not substitute for a thorough diagnostic workup.
2
Mini-CogTheMini-Cogis a rapid Alzheimer’s screening test that takes only 3-5 minutes to administer. It combines a three-item recall with theclock-drawing testand can help to determine whether someone does or does not have dementia. Although the test is widely used and reports have been positive, a rigorous research review reports that more evidence is needed to recommend its use as an accurate screening test, and as with other screening tools do not substitute for a thorough diagnostic workup.
Mini-Cog
TheMini-Cogis a rapid Alzheimer’s screening test that takes only 3-5 minutes to administer. It combines a three-item recall with theclock-drawing testand can help to determine whether someone does or does not have dementia. Although the test is widely used and reports have been positive, a rigorous research review reports that more evidence is needed to recommend its use as an accurate screening test, and as with other screening tools do not substitute for a thorough diagnostic workup.
3Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)TheMontreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA) is a relatively simple, brief test that helps health professionals determine quickly whether a person has abnormal cognitive function and may need a more thorough diagnostic workup for Alzheimer’s disease. Unlike the MMSE, the MoCA includes a clock-drawing test and a test of executive function known asTrails B. It may predict dementia in people withmild cognitive impairment(MCI), and it has been shown to identify cognitive problems in people withParkinson’s diseaseand other neurodegenerative disorders.
3
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)TheMontreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA) is a relatively simple, brief test that helps health professionals determine quickly whether a person has abnormal cognitive function and may need a more thorough diagnostic workup for Alzheimer’s disease. Unlike the MMSE, the MoCA includes a clock-drawing test and a test of executive function known asTrails B. It may predict dementia in people withmild cognitive impairment(MCI), and it has been shown to identify cognitive problems in people withParkinson’s diseaseand other neurodegenerative disorders.
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
TheMontreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA) is a relatively simple, brief test that helps health professionals determine quickly whether a person has abnormal cognitive function and may need a more thorough diagnostic workup for Alzheimer’s disease. Unlike the MMSE, the MoCA includes a clock-drawing test and a test of executive function known asTrails B. It may predict dementia in people withmild cognitive impairment(MCI), and it has been shown to identify cognitive problems in people withParkinson’s diseaseand other neurodegenerative disorders.
4Saint Louis University Mental Status Exam (SLUMS)TheSaint Louis University Mental Status Exam(SLUMS) is an 11-item Alzheimer’s screening test that is especially good at identifying people with milder cognitive problems that don’t yet rise to the level of dementia. It has been studied with hundreds of veterans and includes items such as the naming of animals (similar to averbal fluency test) and recognition of geometric figures.
4
Saint Louis University Mental Status Exam (SLUMS)TheSaint Louis University Mental Status Exam(SLUMS) is an 11-item Alzheimer’s screening test that is especially good at identifying people with milder cognitive problems that don’t yet rise to the level of dementia. It has been studied with hundreds of veterans and includes items such as the naming of animals (similar to averbal fluency test) and recognition of geometric figures.
Saint Louis University Mental Status Exam (SLUMS)
TheSaint Louis University Mental Status Exam(SLUMS) is an 11-item Alzheimer’s screening test that is especially good at identifying people with milder cognitive problems that don’t yet rise to the level of dementia. It has been studied with hundreds of veterans and includes items such as the naming of animals (similar to averbal fluency test) and recognition of geometric figures.
5AD8 Informant InterviewThe AD-8 Informant Interview is an 8-item questionnaire that distinguishes between people who have dementia and people who don’t.It is considered an informant-based assessment because instead of the patient being questioned, the patient’s informant (usually a spouse, child, or non-family caregiver) is asked to assess whether there have been changes in the past few years in certain areas of cognition and functioning. These include memory, orientation, executive function, and interest in activities. The AD8 has a yes or no format and takes only three minutes or so to complete.
5
AD8 Informant InterviewThe AD-8 Informant Interview is an 8-item questionnaire that distinguishes between people who have dementia and people who don’t.It is considered an informant-based assessment because instead of the patient being questioned, the patient’s informant (usually a spouse, child, or non-family caregiver) is asked to assess whether there have been changes in the past few years in certain areas of cognition and functioning. These include memory, orientation, executive function, and interest in activities. The AD8 has a yes or no format and takes only three minutes or so to complete.
AD8 Informant Interview
The AD-8 Informant Interview is an 8-item questionnaire that distinguishes between people who have dementia and people who don’t.It is considered an informant-based assessment because instead of the patient being questioned, the patient’s informant (usually a spouse, child, or non-family caregiver) is asked to assess whether there have been changes in the past few years in certain areas of cognition and functioning. These include memory, orientation, executive function, and interest in activities. The AD8 has a yes or no format and takes only three minutes or so to complete.
6The Clock-Drawing Test for Alzheimer’sTheClock-Drawing Testis a simple test that is often incorporated into other Alzheimer’s screening tests. The person is asked to draw a clock, put in all the numbers, and set the hands at ten past eleven. Abnormal clock drawing tests suggest problems with memory, executive function, or visuospatial abilities.
6
The Clock-Drawing Test for Alzheimer’sTheClock-Drawing Testis a simple test that is often incorporated into other Alzheimer’s screening tests. The person is asked to draw a clock, put in all the numbers, and set the hands at ten past eleven. Abnormal clock drawing tests suggest problems with memory, executive function, or visuospatial abilities.
The Clock-Drawing Test for Alzheimer’s
TheClock-Drawing Testis a simple test that is often incorporated into other Alzheimer’s screening tests. The person is asked to draw a clock, put in all the numbers, and set the hands at ten past eleven. Abnormal clock drawing tests suggest problems with memory, executive function, or visuospatial abilities.
7The Brief Alzheimer’s Screening TestThis short screening asks the test taker to repeat three words immediately after hearing them. Next, two tasks that distract from those three words are performed: a short version of the verbal fluency test where the person is asked to name as many animals as they can in 30 seconds and spelling “WORLD” backward. Finally, the person is asked to remember and recite the three words from the beginning of the screening process.
7
The Brief Alzheimer’s Screening TestThis short screening asks the test taker to repeat three words immediately after hearing them. Next, two tasks that distract from those three words are performed: a short version of the verbal fluency test where the person is asked to name as many animals as they can in 30 seconds and spelling “WORLD” backward. Finally, the person is asked to remember and recite the three words from the beginning of the screening process.
The Brief Alzheimer’s Screening Test
This short screening asks the test taker to repeat three words immediately after hearing them. Next, two tasks that distract from those three words are performed: a short version of the verbal fluency test where the person is asked to name as many animals as they can in 30 seconds and spelling “WORLD” backward. Finally, the person is asked to remember and recite the three words from the beginning of the screening process.
8The 7 Minute ScreenThis screening test has been shown to be effective in identifying mild cognitive impairment, a condition that sometimes escapes detection with other screening tests. The7 Minute Screeninvolves enhanced cued recall, orientation questions, verbal fluency, and the clock test.
8
The 7 Minute ScreenThis screening test has been shown to be effective in identifying mild cognitive impairment, a condition that sometimes escapes detection with other screening tests. The7 Minute Screeninvolves enhanced cued recall, orientation questions, verbal fluency, and the clock test.
The 7 Minute Screen
This screening test has been shown to be effective in identifying mild cognitive impairment, a condition that sometimes escapes detection with other screening tests. The7 Minute Screeninvolves enhanced cued recall, orientation questions, verbal fluency, and the clock test.
9The SAGE At-Home TestTheSAGE at-home testis designed to be used at home and then brought to a physician for review after completion.It evaluates several different areas including memory, orientation, executive functioning, language and naming abilities, and visual-spatial abilities.
9
The SAGE At-Home TestTheSAGE at-home testis designed to be used at home and then brought to a physician for review after completion.It evaluates several different areas including memory, orientation, executive functioning, language and naming abilities, and visual-spatial abilities.
The SAGE At-Home Test
TheSAGE at-home testis designed to be used at home and then brought to a physician for review after completion.It evaluates several different areas including memory, orientation, executive functioning, language and naming abilities, and visual-spatial abilities.
What Happens After the Test
After you complete the screening tests, your healthcare provider will evaluate the results and then share them with you.
If your tests indicate you are not showing signs of dementia, your healthcare provider may keep your results on file as a baseline for the future. They may also recommend other types of testing to determine the underlying cause of any cognitive symptoms you may be experiencing.
Keep in mind that there is no single test that can determine a dementia diagnosis. You may need to complete a series of tests to rule out an underlying physical cause of your symptoms. These tests can include:
Summary
A variety of tests, like the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), are used to assess cognitive skills and memory in order to screen for conditions like Alzheimer’s and dementia.
10 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Alzheimer’s Association.Alzheimer’s and dementia.Pinto TCC, Machado L, Bulgacov TM, et al.Is the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening superior to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in the elderly?Int Psychogeriatr. 2019;31(4):491-504. doi:10.1017/S1041610218001370Seitz DP, Chan CC, Newton HT, et al.Mini-Cog for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease dementia and other dementias within a primary care setting.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;2:CD011415. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011415.pub2Vásquez KA, Valverde EM, Aguilar DV, Gabarain HH.Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale in patients with Parkinson Disease with normal scores in the Mini-Mental State Examination.Dement Neuropsychol. 2019;13(1):78–81. doi:10.1590/1980-57642018dn13-010008Cummings-Vaughn LA, Chavakula NN, Malmstrom TK, Tumosa N, Morley JE, Cruz-Oliver DM.Veterans Affairs Saint Louis University Mental Status examination compared with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Short Test of Mental Status.J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(7):1341-1346.Razavi M, Tolea MI, Margrett J, et al.Comparison of 2 informant questionnaire screening tools for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: AD8 and IQCODE.Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2014;28(2):156–161. doi:10.1097/WAD.0000000000000008Kim S, Jahng S, Yu KH, Lee BC, Kang Y.Usefulness of the clock drawing test as a cognitive screening instrument for mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia: an evaluation using three scoring systems.Dement Neurocognitive Disord. 2018;17(3):100. doi:10.12779/dnd.2018.17.3.100Velayudhan L, Ryu SH, Raczek M, et al.Review of brief cognitive tests for patients with suspected dementia.Int Psychogeriatr. 2014;26(8):1247-1262. doi:10.1017/S1041610214000416Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center.SAGE: A test to detect signs of Alzheimer’s and dementia.Alzheimer Society of Canada.What to expect while getting your diagnosis.
10 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Alzheimer’s Association.Alzheimer’s and dementia.Pinto TCC, Machado L, Bulgacov TM, et al.Is the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening superior to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in the elderly?Int Psychogeriatr. 2019;31(4):491-504. doi:10.1017/S1041610218001370Seitz DP, Chan CC, Newton HT, et al.Mini-Cog for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease dementia and other dementias within a primary care setting.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;2:CD011415. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011415.pub2Vásquez KA, Valverde EM, Aguilar DV, Gabarain HH.Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale in patients with Parkinson Disease with normal scores in the Mini-Mental State Examination.Dement Neuropsychol. 2019;13(1):78–81. doi:10.1590/1980-57642018dn13-010008Cummings-Vaughn LA, Chavakula NN, Malmstrom TK, Tumosa N, Morley JE, Cruz-Oliver DM.Veterans Affairs Saint Louis University Mental Status examination compared with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Short Test of Mental Status.J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(7):1341-1346.Razavi M, Tolea MI, Margrett J, et al.Comparison of 2 informant questionnaire screening tools for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: AD8 and IQCODE.Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2014;28(2):156–161. doi:10.1097/WAD.0000000000000008Kim S, Jahng S, Yu KH, Lee BC, Kang Y.Usefulness of the clock drawing test as a cognitive screening instrument for mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia: an evaluation using three scoring systems.Dement Neurocognitive Disord. 2018;17(3):100. doi:10.12779/dnd.2018.17.3.100Velayudhan L, Ryu SH, Raczek M, et al.Review of brief cognitive tests for patients with suspected dementia.Int Psychogeriatr. 2014;26(8):1247-1262. doi:10.1017/S1041610214000416Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center.SAGE: A test to detect signs of Alzheimer’s and dementia.Alzheimer Society of Canada.What to expect while getting your diagnosis.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Alzheimer’s Association.Alzheimer’s and dementia.Pinto TCC, Machado L, Bulgacov TM, et al.Is the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening superior to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in the elderly?Int Psychogeriatr. 2019;31(4):491-504. doi:10.1017/S1041610218001370Seitz DP, Chan CC, Newton HT, et al.Mini-Cog for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease dementia and other dementias within a primary care setting.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;2:CD011415. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011415.pub2Vásquez KA, Valverde EM, Aguilar DV, Gabarain HH.Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale in patients with Parkinson Disease with normal scores in the Mini-Mental State Examination.Dement Neuropsychol. 2019;13(1):78–81. doi:10.1590/1980-57642018dn13-010008Cummings-Vaughn LA, Chavakula NN, Malmstrom TK, Tumosa N, Morley JE, Cruz-Oliver DM.Veterans Affairs Saint Louis University Mental Status examination compared with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Short Test of Mental Status.J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(7):1341-1346.Razavi M, Tolea MI, Margrett J, et al.Comparison of 2 informant questionnaire screening tools for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: AD8 and IQCODE.Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2014;28(2):156–161. doi:10.1097/WAD.0000000000000008Kim S, Jahng S, Yu KH, Lee BC, Kang Y.Usefulness of the clock drawing test as a cognitive screening instrument for mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia: an evaluation using three scoring systems.Dement Neurocognitive Disord. 2018;17(3):100. doi:10.12779/dnd.2018.17.3.100Velayudhan L, Ryu SH, Raczek M, et al.Review of brief cognitive tests for patients with suspected dementia.Int Psychogeriatr. 2014;26(8):1247-1262. doi:10.1017/S1041610214000416Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center.SAGE: A test to detect signs of Alzheimer’s and dementia.Alzheimer Society of Canada.What to expect while getting your diagnosis.
Alzheimer’s Association.Alzheimer’s and dementia.
Pinto TCC, Machado L, Bulgacov TM, et al.Is the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening superior to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in the elderly?Int Psychogeriatr. 2019;31(4):491-504. doi:10.1017/S1041610218001370
Seitz DP, Chan CC, Newton HT, et al.Mini-Cog for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease dementia and other dementias within a primary care setting.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;2:CD011415. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011415.pub2
Vásquez KA, Valverde EM, Aguilar DV, Gabarain HH.Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale in patients with Parkinson Disease with normal scores in the Mini-Mental State Examination.Dement Neuropsychol. 2019;13(1):78–81. doi:10.1590/1980-57642018dn13-010008
Cummings-Vaughn LA, Chavakula NN, Malmstrom TK, Tumosa N, Morley JE, Cruz-Oliver DM.Veterans Affairs Saint Louis University Mental Status examination compared with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Short Test of Mental Status.J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(7):1341-1346.
Razavi M, Tolea MI, Margrett J, et al.Comparison of 2 informant questionnaire screening tools for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: AD8 and IQCODE.Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2014;28(2):156–161. doi:10.1097/WAD.0000000000000008
Kim S, Jahng S, Yu KH, Lee BC, Kang Y.Usefulness of the clock drawing test as a cognitive screening instrument for mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia: an evaluation using three scoring systems.Dement Neurocognitive Disord. 2018;17(3):100. doi:10.12779/dnd.2018.17.3.100
Velayudhan L, Ryu SH, Raczek M, et al.Review of brief cognitive tests for patients with suspected dementia.Int Psychogeriatr. 2014;26(8):1247-1262. doi:10.1017/S1041610214000416
Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center.SAGE: A test to detect signs of Alzheimer’s and dementia.
Alzheimer Society of Canada.What to expect while getting your diagnosis.
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