Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsWhat It IsSymptomsCausesDiagnosisTreatment
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
What It Is
Symptoms
Causes
Diagnosis
Treatment
Sensory processing disorder (SPD) is a neurological condition that affects how your brain processes sensory input. A person with SPD can be more sensitive or less sensitive to sounds, smells, textures, and other stimuli than the average person.
In children, SPD can look like meltdowns in the grocery store, picky eating, socks that are too lumpy, or chewing on their shirt collar. In adults, SPD can feel like anxiety, irritability, or overwhelm, which can interfere with executive functioning.
Previously called sensory integration dysfunction, SPD is not a stand-alone diagnosis but often occurs alongside autism, ADHD, or other conditions. A healthcare provider can assess for SPD using clinical observations and questionnaires.Sensory integration therapy, a type of occupational therapy, is used to treat SPD.
This article discusses sensory processing disorder. It describes what SPD is and its common signs in children and adults. It also explains how SPD is diagnosed and treated.
What Is SPD?
SPD is a condition where the brain has difficulty receiving sensory information and responding to it appropriately.
Sensory processing is a complex neurodevelopmental function. It enables us to perceive internal and external sensory inputs, coordinate the information, and take appropriate actions.For example, if you smell smoke, you look around for a fire, or if you feel cold, you put on a sweater.
While you’re likely familiar with the five senses—sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste—sensory processing also involves three lesser-known sensory systems:
When these systems are working properly, sensory input allows children to respond, learn, and adapt to daily life and their surroundings effectively.
However, with sensory processing disorder, one or more of the sensory systems are off-balance. As a result, sensory inputs can feel either overwhelming or understimulating.
An off-kilter sensory system can make it difficult to regulate your emotions, behave in age-appropriate ways, and perform routine tasks. It can also impact a child’s motor development and lead to learning disabilities.
Symptoms of Sensory Processing Disorder
SPD can present as being overly sensitive (hyper-responsive) or less sensitive (hypo-responsive) to sensory input. It can also involve a combination of both.
People who are hyper-responsive are often classified as sensory avoiders. In children, sensory avoidance can look like:
People who are hypo-responsive are often classified as sensory seekers. In children, sensory seeking can look like:
In adults, SPD can feel like an assault of competing stimuli or not enough stimulation. Adult SPD can look like:
Sensory Overload: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments
What Causes SPD?
There is a strong link between sensory processing disorder and neurodivergence. It commonly occurs alongside other conditions, including:
Diagnosing Sensory Processing Disorder
Diagnosing sensory processing disorder can be difficult. It is not a stand-alone condition in the “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition” (DSM-5), which lists it as a symptom of autism.
However, many practitioners now recognize SPD as a separate condition apart from autism. To assess for sensory processing disorders, healthcare providers rely on developmental history, clinical observations, and caregiver reports in children or self-reports in adolescents and adults.
Assessments
Several different questionnaires are used to assess for sensory processing disorder. The one your healthcare provider uses will depend on the person’s age:
Other Testing
In some cases, additional tests may be used to assess for SPD, such as:
However, these tests are more commonly used for research and not clinical settings.
How SPD Is Treated
The frontline treatment for SPD involves a form ofoccupational therapy(OT) known assensory integration therapy.
Sensory OT can help you to develop a personalized sensory diet. This is not an eating plan, but a daily menu of individualized, supportive sensory strategies.
A sensory diet includes a variety of activities designed to either stimulate or desensitize the senses, depending on the situation.
Strategies for Hyper-Reactive Senses
For someone who is hyper-reactive or sensory avoidant, these might include:
Strategies for Sensory Seekers
People who are under-reactive or sensation-seeking can benefit from the following:
Cognitive behavioral therapy may also be effective to help gradually increase tolerance for overwhelming sensory experiences.
Managing SPD in Adults
Sensory OT can also help adults with sensory processing disorder learn to manage their symptoms. An OT session may involve tactile stimulation, movement, auditory input, and other sensory experiences.
A sensory diet for adults involves activities and tools designed to increase your tolerance to different sensations and normalize your reactions. This can include:
In addition to OT, psychotherapy, speech therapy, therapeutic listening, and vision therapy may help adults manage SPD.
Summary
Sensory processing disorder is a neurological condition that affects how you respond to sensory input. This includes the traditional five senses (sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste) and less well-known sensory systems of proprioception, vestibular, and interoception.
Some people with SPD are less responsive to sensory stimuli and engage in sensory-seeking behaviors. Other people with SPD are hypersensitive to stimuli, which can cause sensory avoidance.
In children with SPD, behavioral issues, emotional outbursts, and sensory meltdowns are common. In adults, SPD can make it difficult to tune out background noise, cause problems with executive functioning, and leave you anxious, irritable, or overwhelmed.
SPD is not a stand-alone diagnosis. It often co-occurs with autism, ADHD, OCD, and other conditions. It is treated using sensory integration occupational therapy and a sensory diet.
Recognizing Autism in Children
23 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Previtali G, Lai CYY, Valvassori Bolgè M, et al.Sensory modulation abilities in healthy preterm-born children: an observational study using the sensory processing and self-regulation checklist (SPSRC).Biomedicines. 2023;11(8):2319. doi:10.3390/biomedicines11082319Ponzo S, Kirsch LP, Fotopoulou A, Jenkinson PM.Balancing body ownership: Visual capture of proprioception and affectivity during vestibular stimulation.Neuropsychologia. 2018;117:311-321. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.06.020STAR Institute.Your 8 senses.American Academy of Family Physicians: FamilyDoctor.org.Sensory processing disorder (SPD).Purpura G, Lai CYY, Previtali G, et al.Psychometric properties of the Italian version of Sensory Processing and Self-Regulation Checklist (SPSRC).Healthcare(Basel). 2022;11(1):92. doi:10.3390/healthcare11010092STAR Institute.About SPD: What Sensory Processing Disorder Looks Like.Costa-López B, Ferrer-Cascales R, Ruiz-Robledillo N, Albaladejo-Blázquez N, Baryła-Matejczuk M.Relationship between sensory processing and quality of life: a systematic review.J Clin Med. 2021;10(17):3961. doi:10.3390/jcm10173961Galiana-Simal A, Vela-Romero M, Romero-Vela VM, et al.Sensory processing disorder: Key points of a frequent alteration in neurodevelopmental disorders.Cogent Medicine. 2020;7:1. doi:10.1080/2331205X.2020.1736829Ptak A, Miękczyńska D, Dębiec-Bąk A, Stefańska M.The occurrence of the sensory processing disorder in children depending on the type and time of delivery: a pilot study.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(11):6893. doi:10.3390/ijerph19116893Osório JMA, Rodríguez-Herreros B, Richetin S, et al.Sex differences in sensory processing in children with autism spectrum disorder.Autism Res. 2021;14(11):2412–23. doi:10.1002/aur.2580Kamath MS, Dahm CR, Tucker JR, Huang-Pollock CL, Etter NM, Neely KA.Sensory profiles in adults with and without ADHD.Res Dev Disabil. 2020;104:103696. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103696van den Boogert F, Klein K, Spaan P, et al.Sensory processing difficulties in psychiatric disorders: A meta-analysis.J Psychiatr Res. 2022;151:173–80. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.020Benarous X, Bury V, Lahaye H, Desrosiers L, Cohen D, Guilé JM.Sensory processing difficulties in youths with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:164. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00164National Health Service (UK).Developmental co-ordination disorder (dyspraxia).Nimbley E, Golds L, Sharpe H, Gillespie-Smith K, Duffy F.Sensory processing and eating behaviours in autism: A systematic review.Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2022;30(5):538–59. doi:10.1002/erv.2920MacLean J, Finkelstein SA, Paredes-Echeverri S, Perez DL, Ranford J.Sensory processing difficulties in patients with functional neurological disorder: occupational therapy management strategies and two cases.Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2022;41:100951. doi:10.1016/j.spen.2022.100951Colman M, Syx D, De Wandele I, et al.Sensory profiling in classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a case-control study revealing pain characteristics, somatosensory changes, and impaired pain modulation.J Pain. 2023;24(11):2063–78. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2023.06.015Grapel JN, Cicchetti DV, Volkmar FR.Sensory features as diagnostic criteria for autism: sensory features in autism.Yale J Biol Med. 2015;88(1):69-71.Tavassoli T, Miller LJ, Schoen SA, Jo Brout J, Sullivan J, Baron-Cohen S.Sensory reactivity, empathizing and systemizing in autism spectrum conditions and sensory processing disorder.Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2018;29:72–7. doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2017.05.005Passarello N, Tarantino V, Chirico A, et al.Sensory processing disorders in children and adolescents: taking stock of assessment and novel therapeutic tools.Brain Sci. 2022;12(11):1478. doi:10.3390/brainsci12111478Omairi C, Mailloux Z, Antoniuk SA, Schaaf R.Occupational therapy using Ayres Sensory Integration®: a randomized controlled trial in Brazil.Am J Occup Ther. 2022;76(4):7604205160. doi:10.5014/ajot.2022.048249Pfeiffer B, Clark GF, Arbesman M.Effectiveness of cognitive and occupation-based interventions for children with challenges in sensory processing and integration: A systematic review.Am J Occup Ther.Jan/Feb 2018;72(1):7201190020p17201190020p9. doi:10.5014/ajot.2018.028233STAR Institute.Treatment for adults with sensory challenges.
23 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Previtali G, Lai CYY, Valvassori Bolgè M, et al.Sensory modulation abilities in healthy preterm-born children: an observational study using the sensory processing and self-regulation checklist (SPSRC).Biomedicines. 2023;11(8):2319. doi:10.3390/biomedicines11082319Ponzo S, Kirsch LP, Fotopoulou A, Jenkinson PM.Balancing body ownership: Visual capture of proprioception and affectivity during vestibular stimulation.Neuropsychologia. 2018;117:311-321. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.06.020STAR Institute.Your 8 senses.American Academy of Family Physicians: FamilyDoctor.org.Sensory processing disorder (SPD).Purpura G, Lai CYY, Previtali G, et al.Psychometric properties of the Italian version of Sensory Processing and Self-Regulation Checklist (SPSRC).Healthcare(Basel). 2022;11(1):92. doi:10.3390/healthcare11010092STAR Institute.About SPD: What Sensory Processing Disorder Looks Like.Costa-López B, Ferrer-Cascales R, Ruiz-Robledillo N, Albaladejo-Blázquez N, Baryła-Matejczuk M.Relationship between sensory processing and quality of life: a systematic review.J Clin Med. 2021;10(17):3961. doi:10.3390/jcm10173961Galiana-Simal A, Vela-Romero M, Romero-Vela VM, et al.Sensory processing disorder: Key points of a frequent alteration in neurodevelopmental disorders.Cogent Medicine. 2020;7:1. doi:10.1080/2331205X.2020.1736829Ptak A, Miękczyńska D, Dębiec-Bąk A, Stefańska M.The occurrence of the sensory processing disorder in children depending on the type and time of delivery: a pilot study.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(11):6893. doi:10.3390/ijerph19116893Osório JMA, Rodríguez-Herreros B, Richetin S, et al.Sex differences in sensory processing in children with autism spectrum disorder.Autism Res. 2021;14(11):2412–23. doi:10.1002/aur.2580Kamath MS, Dahm CR, Tucker JR, Huang-Pollock CL, Etter NM, Neely KA.Sensory profiles in adults with and without ADHD.Res Dev Disabil. 2020;104:103696. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103696van den Boogert F, Klein K, Spaan P, et al.Sensory processing difficulties in psychiatric disorders: A meta-analysis.J Psychiatr Res. 2022;151:173–80. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.020Benarous X, Bury V, Lahaye H, Desrosiers L, Cohen D, Guilé JM.Sensory processing difficulties in youths with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:164. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00164National Health Service (UK).Developmental co-ordination disorder (dyspraxia).Nimbley E, Golds L, Sharpe H, Gillespie-Smith K, Duffy F.Sensory processing and eating behaviours in autism: A systematic review.Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2022;30(5):538–59. doi:10.1002/erv.2920MacLean J, Finkelstein SA, Paredes-Echeverri S, Perez DL, Ranford J.Sensory processing difficulties in patients with functional neurological disorder: occupational therapy management strategies and two cases.Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2022;41:100951. doi:10.1016/j.spen.2022.100951Colman M, Syx D, De Wandele I, et al.Sensory profiling in classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a case-control study revealing pain characteristics, somatosensory changes, and impaired pain modulation.J Pain. 2023;24(11):2063–78. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2023.06.015Grapel JN, Cicchetti DV, Volkmar FR.Sensory features as diagnostic criteria for autism: sensory features in autism.Yale J Biol Med. 2015;88(1):69-71.Tavassoli T, Miller LJ, Schoen SA, Jo Brout J, Sullivan J, Baron-Cohen S.Sensory reactivity, empathizing and systemizing in autism spectrum conditions and sensory processing disorder.Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2018;29:72–7. doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2017.05.005Passarello N, Tarantino V, Chirico A, et al.Sensory processing disorders in children and adolescents: taking stock of assessment and novel therapeutic tools.Brain Sci. 2022;12(11):1478. doi:10.3390/brainsci12111478Omairi C, Mailloux Z, Antoniuk SA, Schaaf R.Occupational therapy using Ayres Sensory Integration®: a randomized controlled trial in Brazil.Am J Occup Ther. 2022;76(4):7604205160. doi:10.5014/ajot.2022.048249Pfeiffer B, Clark GF, Arbesman M.Effectiveness of cognitive and occupation-based interventions for children with challenges in sensory processing and integration: A systematic review.Am J Occup Ther.Jan/Feb 2018;72(1):7201190020p17201190020p9. doi:10.5014/ajot.2018.028233STAR Institute.Treatment for adults with sensory challenges.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Previtali G, Lai CYY, Valvassori Bolgè M, et al.Sensory modulation abilities in healthy preterm-born children: an observational study using the sensory processing and self-regulation checklist (SPSRC).Biomedicines. 2023;11(8):2319. doi:10.3390/biomedicines11082319Ponzo S, Kirsch LP, Fotopoulou A, Jenkinson PM.Balancing body ownership: Visual capture of proprioception and affectivity during vestibular stimulation.Neuropsychologia. 2018;117:311-321. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.06.020STAR Institute.Your 8 senses.American Academy of Family Physicians: FamilyDoctor.org.Sensory processing disorder (SPD).Purpura G, Lai CYY, Previtali G, et al.Psychometric properties of the Italian version of Sensory Processing and Self-Regulation Checklist (SPSRC).Healthcare(Basel). 2022;11(1):92. doi:10.3390/healthcare11010092STAR Institute.About SPD: What Sensory Processing Disorder Looks Like.Costa-López B, Ferrer-Cascales R, Ruiz-Robledillo N, Albaladejo-Blázquez N, Baryła-Matejczuk M.Relationship between sensory processing and quality of life: a systematic review.J Clin Med. 2021;10(17):3961. doi:10.3390/jcm10173961Galiana-Simal A, Vela-Romero M, Romero-Vela VM, et al.Sensory processing disorder: Key points of a frequent alteration in neurodevelopmental disorders.Cogent Medicine. 2020;7:1. doi:10.1080/2331205X.2020.1736829Ptak A, Miękczyńska D, Dębiec-Bąk A, Stefańska M.The occurrence of the sensory processing disorder in children depending on the type and time of delivery: a pilot study.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(11):6893. doi:10.3390/ijerph19116893Osório JMA, Rodríguez-Herreros B, Richetin S, et al.Sex differences in sensory processing in children with autism spectrum disorder.Autism Res. 2021;14(11):2412–23. doi:10.1002/aur.2580Kamath MS, Dahm CR, Tucker JR, Huang-Pollock CL, Etter NM, Neely KA.Sensory profiles in adults with and without ADHD.Res Dev Disabil. 2020;104:103696. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103696van den Boogert F, Klein K, Spaan P, et al.Sensory processing difficulties in psychiatric disorders: A meta-analysis.J Psychiatr Res. 2022;151:173–80. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.020Benarous X, Bury V, Lahaye H, Desrosiers L, Cohen D, Guilé JM.Sensory processing difficulties in youths with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:164. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00164National Health Service (UK).Developmental co-ordination disorder (dyspraxia).Nimbley E, Golds L, Sharpe H, Gillespie-Smith K, Duffy F.Sensory processing and eating behaviours in autism: A systematic review.Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2022;30(5):538–59. doi:10.1002/erv.2920MacLean J, Finkelstein SA, Paredes-Echeverri S, Perez DL, Ranford J.Sensory processing difficulties in patients with functional neurological disorder: occupational therapy management strategies and two cases.Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2022;41:100951. doi:10.1016/j.spen.2022.100951Colman M, Syx D, De Wandele I, et al.Sensory profiling in classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a case-control study revealing pain characteristics, somatosensory changes, and impaired pain modulation.J Pain. 2023;24(11):2063–78. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2023.06.015Grapel JN, Cicchetti DV, Volkmar FR.Sensory features as diagnostic criteria for autism: sensory features in autism.Yale J Biol Med. 2015;88(1):69-71.Tavassoli T, Miller LJ, Schoen SA, Jo Brout J, Sullivan J, Baron-Cohen S.Sensory reactivity, empathizing and systemizing in autism spectrum conditions and sensory processing disorder.Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2018;29:72–7. doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2017.05.005Passarello N, Tarantino V, Chirico A, et al.Sensory processing disorders in children and adolescents: taking stock of assessment and novel therapeutic tools.Brain Sci. 2022;12(11):1478. doi:10.3390/brainsci12111478Omairi C, Mailloux Z, Antoniuk SA, Schaaf R.Occupational therapy using Ayres Sensory Integration®: a randomized controlled trial in Brazil.Am J Occup Ther. 2022;76(4):7604205160. doi:10.5014/ajot.2022.048249Pfeiffer B, Clark GF, Arbesman M.Effectiveness of cognitive and occupation-based interventions for children with challenges in sensory processing and integration: A systematic review.Am J Occup Ther.Jan/Feb 2018;72(1):7201190020p17201190020p9. doi:10.5014/ajot.2018.028233STAR Institute.Treatment for adults with sensory challenges.
Previtali G, Lai CYY, Valvassori Bolgè M, et al.Sensory modulation abilities in healthy preterm-born children: an observational study using the sensory processing and self-regulation checklist (SPSRC).Biomedicines. 2023;11(8):2319. doi:10.3390/biomedicines11082319
Ponzo S, Kirsch LP, Fotopoulou A, Jenkinson PM.Balancing body ownership: Visual capture of proprioception and affectivity during vestibular stimulation.Neuropsychologia. 2018;117:311-321. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.06.020
STAR Institute.Your 8 senses.
American Academy of Family Physicians: FamilyDoctor.org.Sensory processing disorder (SPD).
Purpura G, Lai CYY, Previtali G, et al.Psychometric properties of the Italian version of Sensory Processing and Self-Regulation Checklist (SPSRC).Healthcare(Basel). 2022;11(1):92. doi:10.3390/healthcare11010092
STAR Institute.About SPD: What Sensory Processing Disorder Looks Like.
Costa-López B, Ferrer-Cascales R, Ruiz-Robledillo N, Albaladejo-Blázquez N, Baryła-Matejczuk M.Relationship between sensory processing and quality of life: a systematic review.J Clin Med. 2021;10(17):3961. doi:10.3390/jcm10173961
Galiana-Simal A, Vela-Romero M, Romero-Vela VM, et al.Sensory processing disorder: Key points of a frequent alteration in neurodevelopmental disorders.Cogent Medicine. 2020;7:1. doi:10.1080/2331205X.2020.1736829
Ptak A, Miękczyńska D, Dębiec-Bąk A, Stefańska M.The occurrence of the sensory processing disorder in children depending on the type and time of delivery: a pilot study.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(11):6893. doi:10.3390/ijerph19116893
Osório JMA, Rodríguez-Herreros B, Richetin S, et al.Sex differences in sensory processing in children with autism spectrum disorder.Autism Res. 2021;14(11):2412–23. doi:10.1002/aur.2580
Kamath MS, Dahm CR, Tucker JR, Huang-Pollock CL, Etter NM, Neely KA.Sensory profiles in adults with and without ADHD.Res Dev Disabil. 2020;104:103696. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103696
van den Boogert F, Klein K, Spaan P, et al.Sensory processing difficulties in psychiatric disorders: A meta-analysis.J Psychiatr Res. 2022;151:173–80. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.020
Benarous X, Bury V, Lahaye H, Desrosiers L, Cohen D, Guilé JM.Sensory processing difficulties in youths with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:164. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00164
National Health Service (UK).Developmental co-ordination disorder (dyspraxia).
Nimbley E, Golds L, Sharpe H, Gillespie-Smith K, Duffy F.Sensory processing and eating behaviours in autism: A systematic review.Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2022;30(5):538–59. doi:10.1002/erv.2920
MacLean J, Finkelstein SA, Paredes-Echeverri S, Perez DL, Ranford J.Sensory processing difficulties in patients with functional neurological disorder: occupational therapy management strategies and two cases.Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2022;41:100951. doi:10.1016/j.spen.2022.100951
Colman M, Syx D, De Wandele I, et al.Sensory profiling in classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a case-control study revealing pain characteristics, somatosensory changes, and impaired pain modulation.J Pain. 2023;24(11):2063–78. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2023.06.015
Grapel JN, Cicchetti DV, Volkmar FR.Sensory features as diagnostic criteria for autism: sensory features in autism.Yale J Biol Med. 2015;88(1):69-71.
Tavassoli T, Miller LJ, Schoen SA, Jo Brout J, Sullivan J, Baron-Cohen S.Sensory reactivity, empathizing and systemizing in autism spectrum conditions and sensory processing disorder.Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2018;29:72–7. doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2017.05.005
Passarello N, Tarantino V, Chirico A, et al.Sensory processing disorders in children and adolescents: taking stock of assessment and novel therapeutic tools.Brain Sci. 2022;12(11):1478. doi:10.3390/brainsci12111478
Omairi C, Mailloux Z, Antoniuk SA, Schaaf R.Occupational therapy using Ayres Sensory Integration®: a randomized controlled trial in Brazil.Am J Occup Ther. 2022;76(4):7604205160. doi:10.5014/ajot.2022.048249
Pfeiffer B, Clark GF, Arbesman M.Effectiveness of cognitive and occupation-based interventions for children with challenges in sensory processing and integration: A systematic review.Am J Occup Ther.Jan/Feb 2018;72(1):7201190020p17201190020p9. doi:10.5014/ajot.2018.028233
STAR Institute.Treatment for adults with sensory challenges.
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