Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsAntibioticsDietTreating Underlying IssuesFuture SIBO TreatmentsPreventing Relapse
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Antibiotics
Diet
Treating Underlying Issues
Future SIBO Treatments
Preventing Relapse
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) treatment may involve multiple approaches. SIBO antibiotics help reduce bacterial overgrowth, while vitamin, calcium, and magnesium supplements help address nutritional deficiencies. Specific diets, such as theelemental dietand the low-FODMAP diet, may also be used to help individuals avoid symptom-triggering foods.
This article explains the options you and your healthcare provider can discuss for treatingSIBOincluding taking antibiotics and adjusting how you eat.
Gam1983 / Getty Images
Antibiotic Therapy
For now, the “gold standard” treatment for SIBO is usingantibioticsto reduce bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine.These medications are also thought to ease inflammation in the small intestine lining, which could causemalabsorption.
SIBO can be categorized in two ways:
Antibiotics are used to treat both types of the disease. However, methane-dominant SIBO may require you to take fiber along with antibiotics.
If you’re prescribed antibiotics for SIBO, you’ll likely be asked to take them for two weeks.
Unfortunately, there are no clear SIBO treatment guidelines, and more research on the use of antibiotics for SIBO is still needed. Several types of antibiotics are used to treat SIBO, but which is best for a specific individual and at what dosage is still not clearly understood.
Antibiotics Commonly Prescribed to Treat SIBOYour healthcare provider may start treatment with one type of antibiotic. If symptoms persist or reoccur, you may be prescribed a different one. Common treatments include:Cipro (ciprofloxacin)Flagyl (metronidazole)NeomycinSulfamethoxazole-trimethoprimTetracyclineXifaxan (rifaximin)Doxycycline
Antibiotics Commonly Prescribed to Treat SIBO
Your healthcare provider may start treatment with one type of antibiotic. If symptoms persist or reoccur, you may be prescribed a different one. Common treatments include:Cipro (ciprofloxacin)Flagyl (metronidazole)NeomycinSulfamethoxazole-trimethoprimTetracyclineXifaxan (rifaximin)Doxycycline
Your healthcare provider may start treatment with one type of antibiotic. If symptoms persist or reoccur, you may be prescribed a different one. Common treatments include:
Xifaxan: First Course of Treatment
For now, the primary antibiotic used to treat SIBO is Xifaxan (rifaximin) since most patients seem to benefit from it.Research indicates that Xifaxan, a brand name for the generic drug rifaximin, kills various strains of bacteria, improving symptoms.
In the body, Xifaxan is not absorbed into the bloodstream. This reduces side effects and improves the drug’s ability to act directly on the bacteria in the small intestine.
Another benefit is that Xifaxan has little impact on bacteria in the large intestine. This lowers the risk of gastrointestinal symptoms and yeast infections, which are common with other antibiotics.
While some side effects are possible, in general, Xifaxan is considered a safe medication.
With incomplete research, there’s no definitive consensus regarding the proper dosing and duration for using Xifaxan for SIBO. In most clinical trials, higher dosages are more effective than lower doses. In clinical practice, Xifaxan is most often prescribed in courses of two weeks. Other antibiotics may be prescribed simultaneously or in tandem with repeated courses prescribed as needed.
Dietary Interventions
Nutritional Deficiencies
If you are diagnosed with SIBO, you should work with your healthcare provider to identify and address any possible nutritional deficiencies. Supplements should be taken for any or all of the following vitamins and minerals if a deficiency is found:
If your healthcare provider believes thatsteatorrheaand/or another type of fat malabsorption is present, they may recommend that you take apancreatic enzyme supplement.
Elemental Diet
Theelemental dietis a diet restricted to medically formulated liquids. Nutrients are consumed in their most elemental form so it’s easy to digest and absorb them.
Some health practitioners recommend an elemental diet along with antibiotics to help people with SIBO because it reduces the amount of food that bacteria can work on.It also may lower your overall gut bacteria, which will improve symptoms.
More research is needed to understand the benefits of this hard-to-follow dietary plan. Meanwhile, it’s recommended that you donottry this at home with homemade formulas because there’s a risk of nutritional deficiency.
Diets for SIBO Management
The Low-FODMAP Diet
Thelow-FODMAP dietwas designed to reduce the symptoms of IBS. The idea is to temporarily restrict your intake of carbohydrates, or high FODMAPs, that contribute to IBS symptoms.
Therefore, the low-FODMAP diet may be helpful for SIBO because eating fewer carbohydrates might “starve” the bacteria in the small intestine. However, as of yet, there are no clinical studies on the subject.
Before You Change Your DIet
Not much is known about the appropriateness of the low-FODMAP diet for a person taking antibiotics for SIBO. Some experts think the diet may reduce the effectiveness of the antibiotic treatment because it makes bacteria dormant. Instead, it’s recommended that you eat a normal diet while on antibiotics. After the course of antibiotics, you canfollow the low-FODMAP dietto prevent future SIBO recurrences.
Address Underlying Issues
Before prescribing antibiotics, your healthcare provider will do a complete physical exam and medical history to see if your SIBO symptoms could be due to an underlying condition.
Diseases that Affect the Small Intestines
Certain diseases can contribute to the onset of SIBO and may impair digestion in the stomach or small intestine. These include:
Structural Problems
In addition to disease, abnormalities in the digestive system’s structure can lead to the development of SIBO. Some of these defects may be correctable through surgery. They include:
Medication Side Effects
Sometimes, a medication used to treat a different health problem may cause conditions that foster SIBO.These medications include:
Discontinuing these drugs may help to reduce SIBO symptoms.
The Future of SIBO Treatment
As more research is done on SIBO, more treatments are likely to emerge.Advanced technology may one day be able to accurately identify the presence and type of bacteria present in a person’s small intestine. Until then, other possible options are being explored as possible safe, effective treatments for SIBO.
Herbal Formulations
In one published study, an herbal formulation was found to be at least as effective as Xifaxan for treating SIBO.
Herbal formulations also promise to avoid the side effects of antibiotic medication and treat those for whom antibiotics are not working. They may also prevent the recurrence of SIBO.
Natural Remedies for SIBO
Prokinetic Medications
Prokineticmedications are used to treat gastrointestinal disorders andacid reflux. They may also help with SIBO.Preliminary research suggests that these medications may be especially helpful for those with SIBO andscleroderma.
Prokinetic medications may be helpful because they potentially enhance the power of the small intestine’s own “cleansing wave” to wash bacteria out.
Probiotics
Probiotic supplementsmay be helpful for treating SIBO. They have been shown to have a positive effect on bacterial makeup, to improve the health of the gut lining, and to reduce inflammation.
Probiotics may also help antibiotics like Xifaxan work better. However, more research is needed to better understand the relationship between probiotics and SIBO.
Despite success in treating SIBO with medication, relapses are common. Not much is known about the best way to prevent SIBO symptoms from returning. The recommended course of action is to prescribe a course of antibiotics rather than have people modify their diet. If necessary another course of antibiotics is prescribed.
It can be difficult to understand what those diet modifications would look like. It may be helpful to follow the low-FODMAP diet for a short time. It may also be helpful to avoid foods containing artificial sweeteners such asaspartame, saccharin, and sorbitol, which hold the potential for interacting with bacteria present within the small intestine.
If you have found, through a breath test or elimination diet, that you have eitherlactose intoleranceorfructose malabsorption, you may want to avoid foods containing these sugars for the same reason.
Summary
SIBO can be extremely painful and reduce your quality of life, but it doesn’t have to be that way. Antibiotics are often completely effective at treating SIBO. However, it may take multiple antibiotics, or you may need repeat treatments if SIBO recurs.
Along with taking medication, it’s recommended that you modify your diet to ensure you are getting adequate nutrients and to prevent inflammation.
Researchers continue to look for treatments that help with easing SIBO symptoms. The hope is to reduce side effects and lower the risk of SIBO returning after antibiotics clear up the bacteria.
18 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Ghoshal UC, Shukla R, Ghoshal U.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and irritable bowel syndrome: a bridge between functional organic dichotomy.Gut Liver. 2017;11(2):196–208. doi:10.5009/gnl16126Gandhi A, Shah A, Jones MP, et al.Methane positive small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Gut Microbes. 2021;13(1):1933313. doi:10.1080%2F19490976.2021.1933313I.M. Matters from ACP.Rethinking SIBO in the microbiome era.Barkin JA, Keihanian T, Barkin JS, Antequera CM, Moshiree B.Preferential usage of rifaximin for the treatment of hydrogen-positive small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.Rev Gastroenterol Peru. 2019;39(2):111-115.Shayto RH, Abou Mrad R, Sharara AI.Use of rifaximin in gastrointestinal and liver diseases.WJG. 2016;22(29):6638. doi:10.3748%2Fwjg.v22.i29.6638Struyvenberg MR, Martin CR, Freedman SD.Practical guide to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency – breaking the myths.BMC Med. 2017;15(1):29. doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0783-yRao SSC, Bhagatwala J.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: clinical features and therapeutic management.Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2019;10(10):e00078. doi:10.14309/ctg.0000000000000078Bielawska B, Allard JP.Parenteral nutrition and intestinal failure.Nutrients. 2017;9(5):466. doi:10.3390/nu9050466Halmos EP, Power VA, Shepherd SJ, Gibson PR, Muir JG.A diet low in FODMAPs reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.Gastroenterology. 2014;146(1):67-75.e5. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.09.046Hills RD Jr, Pontefract BA, Mishcon HR, Black CA, Sutton SC, Theberge CR.Gut microbiome: profound implications for diet and disease.Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1613. doi:10.3390/nu11071613Hill P, Muir JG, Gibson PR.Controversies and recent developments of the low-FODMAP diet.Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2017;13(1):36–45.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Diabetes and digestion.Losurdo G, Marra A, Shahini E, et al.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and celiac disease: a systematic review with pooled-data analysis.Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017;29(6). doi:10.1111/nmo.13028Achufusi TGO, Sharma A, Zamora EA, Manocha D.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: comprehensive review of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment methods.Cureus. 2020;12(6):e8860. doi:10.7759/cureus.8860Rao SSC, Tan G, Abdulla H, Yu S, Larion S, Leelasinjaroen P.Does colectomy predispose to small intestinal bacterial (SIBO) and fungal overgrowth (SIFO)?Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2018;9(4):146. doi:10.1038/s41424-018-0011-xRuscio M.Is SIBO a real condition?Altern Ther Health Med. 2019;25(5):30-38.Chedid V, Dhalla S, Clarke JO, et al.Herbal therapy is equivalent to rifaximin for the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.Glob Adv Health Med. 2014;3(3):16–24. doi:10.7453/gahmj.2014.019Revaiah PC, Kochhar R, Rana SV, et al.Risk of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients receiving proton pump inhibitorsversusproton pump inhibitors plus prokinetics.JGH Open. 2018;2(2):47–53. doi:10.1002/jgh3.12045Additional ReadingChedid V, Dhalla S, Clarke JO, et al.Herbal therapy is equivalent to rifaximin for the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.Glob Adv Health Med.2014;3(3):16-24. doi:10.7453/gahmj.2014.019Salem A, Roland BC.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).J Gastroint Dig Syst2014;4:225. doi:10.4172/2161-069X.1000225Skrzydło-Radomańska B, Cukrowska B.How to recognize and treat small intestinal bacterial overgrowth?J Clin Med. 2022;11(20):6017. doi:10.3390/jcm11206017
18 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Ghoshal UC, Shukla R, Ghoshal U.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and irritable bowel syndrome: a bridge between functional organic dichotomy.Gut Liver. 2017;11(2):196–208. doi:10.5009/gnl16126Gandhi A, Shah A, Jones MP, et al.Methane positive small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Gut Microbes. 2021;13(1):1933313. doi:10.1080%2F19490976.2021.1933313I.M. Matters from ACP.Rethinking SIBO in the microbiome era.Barkin JA, Keihanian T, Barkin JS, Antequera CM, Moshiree B.Preferential usage of rifaximin for the treatment of hydrogen-positive small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.Rev Gastroenterol Peru. 2019;39(2):111-115.Shayto RH, Abou Mrad R, Sharara AI.Use of rifaximin in gastrointestinal and liver diseases.WJG. 2016;22(29):6638. doi:10.3748%2Fwjg.v22.i29.6638Struyvenberg MR, Martin CR, Freedman SD.Practical guide to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency – breaking the myths.BMC Med. 2017;15(1):29. doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0783-yRao SSC, Bhagatwala J.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: clinical features and therapeutic management.Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2019;10(10):e00078. doi:10.14309/ctg.0000000000000078Bielawska B, Allard JP.Parenteral nutrition and intestinal failure.Nutrients. 2017;9(5):466. doi:10.3390/nu9050466Halmos EP, Power VA, Shepherd SJ, Gibson PR, Muir JG.A diet low in FODMAPs reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.Gastroenterology. 2014;146(1):67-75.e5. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.09.046Hills RD Jr, Pontefract BA, Mishcon HR, Black CA, Sutton SC, Theberge CR.Gut microbiome: profound implications for diet and disease.Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1613. doi:10.3390/nu11071613Hill P, Muir JG, Gibson PR.Controversies and recent developments of the low-FODMAP diet.Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2017;13(1):36–45.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Diabetes and digestion.Losurdo G, Marra A, Shahini E, et al.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and celiac disease: a systematic review with pooled-data analysis.Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017;29(6). doi:10.1111/nmo.13028Achufusi TGO, Sharma A, Zamora EA, Manocha D.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: comprehensive review of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment methods.Cureus. 2020;12(6):e8860. doi:10.7759/cureus.8860Rao SSC, Tan G, Abdulla H, Yu S, Larion S, Leelasinjaroen P.Does colectomy predispose to small intestinal bacterial (SIBO) and fungal overgrowth (SIFO)?Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2018;9(4):146. doi:10.1038/s41424-018-0011-xRuscio M.Is SIBO a real condition?Altern Ther Health Med. 2019;25(5):30-38.Chedid V, Dhalla S, Clarke JO, et al.Herbal therapy is equivalent to rifaximin for the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.Glob Adv Health Med. 2014;3(3):16–24. doi:10.7453/gahmj.2014.019Revaiah PC, Kochhar R, Rana SV, et al.Risk of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients receiving proton pump inhibitorsversusproton pump inhibitors plus prokinetics.JGH Open. 2018;2(2):47–53. doi:10.1002/jgh3.12045Additional ReadingChedid V, Dhalla S, Clarke JO, et al.Herbal therapy is equivalent to rifaximin for the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.Glob Adv Health Med.2014;3(3):16-24. doi:10.7453/gahmj.2014.019Salem A, Roland BC.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).J Gastroint Dig Syst2014;4:225. doi:10.4172/2161-069X.1000225Skrzydło-Radomańska B, Cukrowska B.How to recognize and treat small intestinal bacterial overgrowth?J Clin Med. 2022;11(20):6017. doi:10.3390/jcm11206017
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Ghoshal UC, Shukla R, Ghoshal U.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and irritable bowel syndrome: a bridge between functional organic dichotomy.Gut Liver. 2017;11(2):196–208. doi:10.5009/gnl16126Gandhi A, Shah A, Jones MP, et al.Methane positive small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Gut Microbes. 2021;13(1):1933313. doi:10.1080%2F19490976.2021.1933313I.M. Matters from ACP.Rethinking SIBO in the microbiome era.Barkin JA, Keihanian T, Barkin JS, Antequera CM, Moshiree B.Preferential usage of rifaximin for the treatment of hydrogen-positive small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.Rev Gastroenterol Peru. 2019;39(2):111-115.Shayto RH, Abou Mrad R, Sharara AI.Use of rifaximin in gastrointestinal and liver diseases.WJG. 2016;22(29):6638. doi:10.3748%2Fwjg.v22.i29.6638Struyvenberg MR, Martin CR, Freedman SD.Practical guide to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency – breaking the myths.BMC Med. 2017;15(1):29. doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0783-yRao SSC, Bhagatwala J.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: clinical features and therapeutic management.Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2019;10(10):e00078. doi:10.14309/ctg.0000000000000078Bielawska B, Allard JP.Parenteral nutrition and intestinal failure.Nutrients. 2017;9(5):466. doi:10.3390/nu9050466Halmos EP, Power VA, Shepherd SJ, Gibson PR, Muir JG.A diet low in FODMAPs reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.Gastroenterology. 2014;146(1):67-75.e5. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.09.046Hills RD Jr, Pontefract BA, Mishcon HR, Black CA, Sutton SC, Theberge CR.Gut microbiome: profound implications for diet and disease.Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1613. doi:10.3390/nu11071613Hill P, Muir JG, Gibson PR.Controversies and recent developments of the low-FODMAP diet.Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2017;13(1):36–45.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Diabetes and digestion.Losurdo G, Marra A, Shahini E, et al.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and celiac disease: a systematic review with pooled-data analysis.Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017;29(6). doi:10.1111/nmo.13028Achufusi TGO, Sharma A, Zamora EA, Manocha D.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: comprehensive review of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment methods.Cureus. 2020;12(6):e8860. doi:10.7759/cureus.8860Rao SSC, Tan G, Abdulla H, Yu S, Larion S, Leelasinjaroen P.Does colectomy predispose to small intestinal bacterial (SIBO) and fungal overgrowth (SIFO)?Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2018;9(4):146. doi:10.1038/s41424-018-0011-xRuscio M.Is SIBO a real condition?Altern Ther Health Med. 2019;25(5):30-38.Chedid V, Dhalla S, Clarke JO, et al.Herbal therapy is equivalent to rifaximin for the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.Glob Adv Health Med. 2014;3(3):16–24. doi:10.7453/gahmj.2014.019Revaiah PC, Kochhar R, Rana SV, et al.Risk of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients receiving proton pump inhibitorsversusproton pump inhibitors plus prokinetics.JGH Open. 2018;2(2):47–53. doi:10.1002/jgh3.12045
Ghoshal UC, Shukla R, Ghoshal U.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and irritable bowel syndrome: a bridge between functional organic dichotomy.Gut Liver. 2017;11(2):196–208. doi:10.5009/gnl16126
Gandhi A, Shah A, Jones MP, et al.Methane positive small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Gut Microbes. 2021;13(1):1933313. doi:10.1080%2F19490976.2021.1933313
I.M. Matters from ACP.Rethinking SIBO in the microbiome era.
Barkin JA, Keihanian T, Barkin JS, Antequera CM, Moshiree B.Preferential usage of rifaximin for the treatment of hydrogen-positive small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.Rev Gastroenterol Peru. 2019;39(2):111-115.
Shayto RH, Abou Mrad R, Sharara AI.Use of rifaximin in gastrointestinal and liver diseases.WJG. 2016;22(29):6638. doi:10.3748%2Fwjg.v22.i29.6638
Struyvenberg MR, Martin CR, Freedman SD.Practical guide to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency – breaking the myths.BMC Med. 2017;15(1):29. doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0783-y
Rao SSC, Bhagatwala J.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: clinical features and therapeutic management.Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2019;10(10):e00078. doi:10.14309/ctg.0000000000000078
Bielawska B, Allard JP.Parenteral nutrition and intestinal failure.Nutrients. 2017;9(5):466. doi:10.3390/nu9050466
Halmos EP, Power VA, Shepherd SJ, Gibson PR, Muir JG.A diet low in FODMAPs reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.Gastroenterology. 2014;146(1):67-75.e5. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.09.046
Hills RD Jr, Pontefract BA, Mishcon HR, Black CA, Sutton SC, Theberge CR.Gut microbiome: profound implications for diet and disease.Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1613. doi:10.3390/nu11071613
Hill P, Muir JG, Gibson PR.Controversies and recent developments of the low-FODMAP diet.Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2017;13(1):36–45.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Diabetes and digestion.
Losurdo G, Marra A, Shahini E, et al.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and celiac disease: a systematic review with pooled-data analysis.Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017;29(6). doi:10.1111/nmo.13028
Achufusi TGO, Sharma A, Zamora EA, Manocha D.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: comprehensive review of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment methods.Cureus. 2020;12(6):e8860. doi:10.7759/cureus.8860
Rao SSC, Tan G, Abdulla H, Yu S, Larion S, Leelasinjaroen P.Does colectomy predispose to small intestinal bacterial (SIBO) and fungal overgrowth (SIFO)?Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2018;9(4):146. doi:10.1038/s41424-018-0011-x
Ruscio M.Is SIBO a real condition?Altern Ther Health Med. 2019;25(5):30-38.
Chedid V, Dhalla S, Clarke JO, et al.Herbal therapy is equivalent to rifaximin for the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.Glob Adv Health Med. 2014;3(3):16–24. doi:10.7453/gahmj.2014.019
Revaiah PC, Kochhar R, Rana SV, et al.Risk of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients receiving proton pump inhibitorsversusproton pump inhibitors plus prokinetics.JGH Open. 2018;2(2):47–53. doi:10.1002/jgh3.12045
Chedid V, Dhalla S, Clarke JO, et al.Herbal therapy is equivalent to rifaximin for the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.Glob Adv Health Med.2014;3(3):16-24. doi:10.7453/gahmj.2014.019Salem A, Roland BC.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).J Gastroint Dig Syst2014;4:225. doi:10.4172/2161-069X.1000225Skrzydło-Radomańska B, Cukrowska B.How to recognize and treat small intestinal bacterial overgrowth?J Clin Med. 2022;11(20):6017. doi:10.3390/jcm11206017
Chedid V, Dhalla S, Clarke JO, et al.Herbal therapy is equivalent to rifaximin for the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.Glob Adv Health Med.2014;3(3):16-24. doi:10.7453/gahmj.2014.019
Salem A, Roland BC.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).J Gastroint Dig Syst2014;4:225. doi:10.4172/2161-069X.1000225
Skrzydło-Radomańska B, Cukrowska B.How to recognize and treat small intestinal bacterial overgrowth?J Clin Med. 2022;11(20):6017. doi:10.3390/jcm11206017
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