Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsApnea’s Effect on AsthmaHow CPAP HelpsDo You Need CPAP?Other TreatmentsAsthma’s Effect on Apnea
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Apnea’s Effect on Asthma
How CPAP Helps
Do You Need CPAP?
Other Treatments
Asthma’s Effect on Apnea
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)—which uses a machine that pushes pressure into your airways to prevent their inward collapse—is the primary treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). While designed to address the nighttime interrupted breathing characteristic of OSA, CPAP has the added potential of helping improve yourasthma symptomsif you have both conditions.
If you have asthma, you might also have sleep apnea—having both conditions is rather common. In one study, 58% of people with moderate asthma had sleep apnea, as did 88% of people with severe asthma.
Sleep Apnea’s Effect on Asthma
With sleep apnea, your upper airway closes repeatedly while you sleep. Your body wakes you up or brings you up into a lighter stage of sleep to get you breathing again.
You may wake up:
This sleep disruption leaves you tired, even when you get plenty of sleep.But sleep apnea can also lead toother complicationsthat may seem less obvious, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, and exacerbated chronic health conditions—like asthma.
Sleep apnea worsens asthma symptoms in a number of ways, including the following:
Widespread Inflammation
Sleep apnea may cause inflammation throughout the body, including what is already present in the lungs due to asthma. Breathing interruptions can lead tooxidative stress.
Inflammation also contributes to weight gain and obesity, which further worsens asthma (and sleep apnea).Damage to soft tissues causes furtherinflammation.
Acid Reflux
Acid refluxduring sleep is well-known to cause and worsen nighttime asthma symptoms.
Endothelial Dysfunction
Since airflow is decreased during sleep apnea, this leads to low oxygen levels in the bloodstream and strain on the heart and blood vessels—what’s known as endothelial dysfunction.
Bronchial tube constriction can occur along with this because:
CPAP is the gold-standard treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. When you sleep, you wear a mask connected to amachinethat pushes a constant flow of pressurized air into your airways.
cherrybeans / Getty Images
This helps keep the airways open so that you do not have gaps in your breathing throughout the night.
CPAP also reverses some of the other harmful effects of sleep apnea:
These very same factors play a role in asthma, making a reduction in asthma symptoms a logical—though perhaps surprising—bonus of CPAP treatment in those with both conditions.
Can a CPAP Help With Asthma?Because CPAP can boost oxygen flow and lower lung inflammation, those who use CPAP for obstructive sleep apnea may also see benefits to their asthma symptoms.
Can a CPAP Help With Asthma?
Because CPAP can boost oxygen flow and lower lung inflammation, those who use CPAP for obstructive sleep apnea may also see benefits to their asthma symptoms.
CPAPis not used for the sole purpose of treating asthma. So, if you have been evaluated forsleep apneaand have not been given the diagnosis, CPAP is not right for you.
However, if you have been diagnosed with sleep apnea, CPAP may be recommended. In fact, it will likely be prescribed in all cases with the exception of those that are mild and able to be managed with lifestyle changes, like weight loss.
If you have asthma and have not yet been diagnosed with sleep apnea, but experience the following symptoms, it is worth seeing your healthcare provider:
Side Effects of CPAP
Using a CPAP machine may lead to some side effects, such as:
Shared Risk Factors
Asthma and sleep apnea have some risk factors in common, which is likely responsible for some of the overlap between them.
If you have asthma, the likelihood of you also having sleep apnea is higher if either of these apply to you.
Obesity
There is a bit of a circular relationship between these conditions when it comes to obesity.
Studies show that losing just 10% of your body weight can improve symptoms of both asthma and sleep apnea.
Smoking
Smoking increases inflammation, obstruction, and resistance in the airways.
Asthma symptoms become more frequent and more severe as a result, and sleep apnea symptoms are exacerbated as well.
Don’t Self-Treat With CPAPBefore using a CPAP device, it’s necessary to get adiagnosis of obstructive sleep apneafrom a practitioner. Using CPAP incorrectly or inappropriately can actually cause symptoms to worsen.
Don’t Self-Treat With CPAP
Before using a CPAP device, it’s necessary to get adiagnosis of obstructive sleep apneafrom a practitioner. Using CPAP incorrectly or inappropriately can actually cause symptoms to worsen.
Other Sleep Apnea Treatments
However, not everyone can tolerate a CPAP. If you struggle with it, ask your healthcare provider about alternative treatments such as:
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty(UPPP or UP3) is a surgical option that involves removing the tonsils and part of the soft palate and uvula. UPPP may be useful in some cases and is recommended for patients who aren’t overweight or obese. It should be noted, though, that some people who have the surgery end up needing a CPAP anyway.
Can Asthma Make Sleep Apnea Worse?
Aside from connections like increased inflammation and constriction of the airways, asthma may make sleep apnea worse in several other ways.
So, while adequately managing sleep apnea may help your asthma symptoms, the reverse may be true as well.
Changes Due to Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids, ininhaledand oral (tablet or liquid) form, are a common treatment for asthma, especially when symptoms are moderate to severe. One study found that 95% of people with poorly controlled asthma taking corticosteroids had sleep apnea.
Nasal Obstruction
People with asthma are especially likely to haveallergies,non-allergy rhinitis, andnasal polyps—all of which can make it harder for you to breathe through your nose.
That leads to higher negative pressure when you inhale, which makes the collapse of your airway and apnea symptoms more likely.One study showed that nasal congestion from allergies was associated with a 1.8-fold increase in the risk of sleep apnea.
Summary
Asthma and sleep apnea share risk factors like obesity and smoking, which worsen airway inflammation. Managing one condition often eases the other. Accurate diagnosis is essential, as improper CPAP use can worsen symptoms.
19 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Abdul Razak MR, Chirakalwasan N.Obstructive sleep apnea and asthma.Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2016;34(4):265-271. doi:10.12932/AP0828American Academy of Sleep Medicine.Sleep apnea–symptoms & risk factors.Gonzaga C, Bertolami A, Bertolami M, Amodeo C, Calhoun D.Obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.J Hum Hypertens.2015;29(12):705-12. doi:10.1038/jhh.2015.15Dixon AE, Clerisme-Beaty EM, Sugar EA, et al.Effects of obstructive sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux disease on asthma control in obesity.Journal of Asthma. 2011;48(7):707-713. doi:10.3109/02770903.2011.601778Kim SY, Kim HR, Min C, Oh DJ, Park B, Choi HG.Bidirectional association between GERD and asthma in children: two longitudinal follow-up studies using a national sample cohort.Pediatr Res.2020. doi:10.1038/s41390-020-0749-1Mahfouz R, Barchuk A, Obeidat AE, Mansour MM, Hernandez D, Darweesh M, Aldiabat M, Al-Khateeb MH, Yusuf MH, Aljabiri Y.The Relationship Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Inpatient Settings: A Nationwide Study. Cureus. 2022 Mar 3;14(3):e22810. doi: 10.7759/cureus.22810. PMID: 35399477; PMCID: PMC8980249.Atkeson A, Yeh SY, Malhotra A, Jelic S.Endothelial function in obstructive sleep apnea. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2009 Mar-Apr;51(5):351-62. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2008.08.002. PMID: 19249441; PMCID: PMC4329644.Cundrle I Jr, Olson LJ, Johnson BD.Pulmonary Limitations in Heart Failure. Clin Chest Med. 2019 Jun;40(2):439-448. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2019.02.010. PMID: 31078220; PMCID: PMC6541018.Bahammam, A.Obstructive sleep apnea: from simple upper airway obstruction to systemic inflammation.Annals of Saudi Medicine. 2011;31(1):1-2. doi:10.4103/0256-4947.75770Tamanna S, Campbell D, Warren R, Ullah MI.Effect of CPAP therapy on symptoms of nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux among patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2016;12(09):1257-1261. doi:10.5664/jcsm.6126Serrano-Pariente J, Plaza V, Soriano JB, et al.Asthma outcomes improve with continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnea.Allergy. 2017;72(5):802-812. doi:10.1111/all.13070Karim HMR, Esquinas AM, Ziatabar S, Insalaco G, Skoczyński S, Šarc I, Ferini-Strambi L, Özyiğit LP, Hernández-Gilsoul T, Singha SK, Ciobanu L, Gutiérrez JLS, Szkulmowski Z, Piervincenzi E, Aguiar M, El-Khatib MF, Corcione N, Kaya AG, Çiledağ A, Kaya A, Valli G, Pierucci P, Resta O, Steiropoulos P, De Marco F, Caldeira V, Mina BA.Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in Non-Apneic Asthma: A Clinical Review of Current Evidence. Turk Thorac J. 2020 Jul;21(4):274-279. doi: 10.5152/TurkThoracJ.2019.19049. PMID: 32687789; PMCID: PMC7371403.Mayo Clinic.Sleep Apnea Diagnosis & Treatment.Pinto VL, Sharma S.Continuous Positive Airway Pressure. [Updated 2023 Jul 24]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482178/Carpaij OA, van den Berge M.The asthma-obesity relationship: underlying mechanisms and treatment implications.Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2018;24(1):42-49. doi:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000446Scott HA, Gibson PG, Garg ML, et al.Dietary restriction and exercise improve airway inflammation and clinical outcomes in overweight and obese asthma: a randomized trial.Clin Exp Allergy. 2013;43(1):36-49. doi:10.1111/cea.12004Yaremchuk K.Palatal procedures for obstructive sleep apnea.Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2016;49(6):1383-1397. doi:10.1016/j.otc.2016.07.011Puthalapattu S, Ioachimescu OC.Asthma and obstructive sleep apnea: clinical and pathogenic interactions.J Investig Med. 2014;62(4):665-675. doi:10.2310/JIM.0000000000000065Chirakalwasan N, Ruxrungtham K.The linkage of allergic rhinitis and obstructive sleep apnea.Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol.Additional ReadingKong DL, Qin Z, Shen H, Jin HY, Wang W, Wang ZF.Association of obstructive sleep apnea with asthma: a meta-analysis.Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):4088. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04446-6Tingting X, Danming Y, Xin C.Non-surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;275(2):335-346. doi:10.1007/s00405-017-4818-y
19 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Abdul Razak MR, Chirakalwasan N.Obstructive sleep apnea and asthma.Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2016;34(4):265-271. doi:10.12932/AP0828American Academy of Sleep Medicine.Sleep apnea–symptoms & risk factors.Gonzaga C, Bertolami A, Bertolami M, Amodeo C, Calhoun D.Obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.J Hum Hypertens.2015;29(12):705-12. doi:10.1038/jhh.2015.15Dixon AE, Clerisme-Beaty EM, Sugar EA, et al.Effects of obstructive sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux disease on asthma control in obesity.Journal of Asthma. 2011;48(7):707-713. doi:10.3109/02770903.2011.601778Kim SY, Kim HR, Min C, Oh DJ, Park B, Choi HG.Bidirectional association between GERD and asthma in children: two longitudinal follow-up studies using a national sample cohort.Pediatr Res.2020. doi:10.1038/s41390-020-0749-1Mahfouz R, Barchuk A, Obeidat AE, Mansour MM, Hernandez D, Darweesh M, Aldiabat M, Al-Khateeb MH, Yusuf MH, Aljabiri Y.The Relationship Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Inpatient Settings: A Nationwide Study. Cureus. 2022 Mar 3;14(3):e22810. doi: 10.7759/cureus.22810. PMID: 35399477; PMCID: PMC8980249.Atkeson A, Yeh SY, Malhotra A, Jelic S.Endothelial function in obstructive sleep apnea. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2009 Mar-Apr;51(5):351-62. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2008.08.002. PMID: 19249441; PMCID: PMC4329644.Cundrle I Jr, Olson LJ, Johnson BD.Pulmonary Limitations in Heart Failure. Clin Chest Med. 2019 Jun;40(2):439-448. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2019.02.010. PMID: 31078220; PMCID: PMC6541018.Bahammam, A.Obstructive sleep apnea: from simple upper airway obstruction to systemic inflammation.Annals of Saudi Medicine. 2011;31(1):1-2. doi:10.4103/0256-4947.75770Tamanna S, Campbell D, Warren R, Ullah MI.Effect of CPAP therapy on symptoms of nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux among patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2016;12(09):1257-1261. doi:10.5664/jcsm.6126Serrano-Pariente J, Plaza V, Soriano JB, et al.Asthma outcomes improve with continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnea.Allergy. 2017;72(5):802-812. doi:10.1111/all.13070Karim HMR, Esquinas AM, Ziatabar S, Insalaco G, Skoczyński S, Šarc I, Ferini-Strambi L, Özyiğit LP, Hernández-Gilsoul T, Singha SK, Ciobanu L, Gutiérrez JLS, Szkulmowski Z, Piervincenzi E, Aguiar M, El-Khatib MF, Corcione N, Kaya AG, Çiledağ A, Kaya A, Valli G, Pierucci P, Resta O, Steiropoulos P, De Marco F, Caldeira V, Mina BA.Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in Non-Apneic Asthma: A Clinical Review of Current Evidence. Turk Thorac J. 2020 Jul;21(4):274-279. doi: 10.5152/TurkThoracJ.2019.19049. PMID: 32687789; PMCID: PMC7371403.Mayo Clinic.Sleep Apnea Diagnosis & Treatment.Pinto VL, Sharma S.Continuous Positive Airway Pressure. [Updated 2023 Jul 24]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482178/Carpaij OA, van den Berge M.The asthma-obesity relationship: underlying mechanisms and treatment implications.Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2018;24(1):42-49. doi:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000446Scott HA, Gibson PG, Garg ML, et al.Dietary restriction and exercise improve airway inflammation and clinical outcomes in overweight and obese asthma: a randomized trial.Clin Exp Allergy. 2013;43(1):36-49. doi:10.1111/cea.12004Yaremchuk K.Palatal procedures for obstructive sleep apnea.Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2016;49(6):1383-1397. doi:10.1016/j.otc.2016.07.011Puthalapattu S, Ioachimescu OC.Asthma and obstructive sleep apnea: clinical and pathogenic interactions.J Investig Med. 2014;62(4):665-675. doi:10.2310/JIM.0000000000000065Chirakalwasan N, Ruxrungtham K.The linkage of allergic rhinitis and obstructive sleep apnea.Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol.Additional ReadingKong DL, Qin Z, Shen H, Jin HY, Wang W, Wang ZF.Association of obstructive sleep apnea with asthma: a meta-analysis.Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):4088. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04446-6Tingting X, Danming Y, Xin C.Non-surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;275(2):335-346. doi:10.1007/s00405-017-4818-y
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Abdul Razak MR, Chirakalwasan N.Obstructive sleep apnea and asthma.Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2016;34(4):265-271. doi:10.12932/AP0828American Academy of Sleep Medicine.Sleep apnea–symptoms & risk factors.Gonzaga C, Bertolami A, Bertolami M, Amodeo C, Calhoun D.Obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.J Hum Hypertens.2015;29(12):705-12. doi:10.1038/jhh.2015.15Dixon AE, Clerisme-Beaty EM, Sugar EA, et al.Effects of obstructive sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux disease on asthma control in obesity.Journal of Asthma. 2011;48(7):707-713. doi:10.3109/02770903.2011.601778Kim SY, Kim HR, Min C, Oh DJ, Park B, Choi HG.Bidirectional association between GERD and asthma in children: two longitudinal follow-up studies using a national sample cohort.Pediatr Res.2020. doi:10.1038/s41390-020-0749-1Mahfouz R, Barchuk A, Obeidat AE, Mansour MM, Hernandez D, Darweesh M, Aldiabat M, Al-Khateeb MH, Yusuf MH, Aljabiri Y.The Relationship Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Inpatient Settings: A Nationwide Study. Cureus. 2022 Mar 3;14(3):e22810. doi: 10.7759/cureus.22810. PMID: 35399477; PMCID: PMC8980249.Atkeson A, Yeh SY, Malhotra A, Jelic S.Endothelial function in obstructive sleep apnea. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2009 Mar-Apr;51(5):351-62. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2008.08.002. PMID: 19249441; PMCID: PMC4329644.Cundrle I Jr, Olson LJ, Johnson BD.Pulmonary Limitations in Heart Failure. Clin Chest Med. 2019 Jun;40(2):439-448. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2019.02.010. PMID: 31078220; PMCID: PMC6541018.Bahammam, A.Obstructive sleep apnea: from simple upper airway obstruction to systemic inflammation.Annals of Saudi Medicine. 2011;31(1):1-2. doi:10.4103/0256-4947.75770Tamanna S, Campbell D, Warren R, Ullah MI.Effect of CPAP therapy on symptoms of nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux among patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2016;12(09):1257-1261. doi:10.5664/jcsm.6126Serrano-Pariente J, Plaza V, Soriano JB, et al.Asthma outcomes improve with continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnea.Allergy. 2017;72(5):802-812. doi:10.1111/all.13070Karim HMR, Esquinas AM, Ziatabar S, Insalaco G, Skoczyński S, Šarc I, Ferini-Strambi L, Özyiğit LP, Hernández-Gilsoul T, Singha SK, Ciobanu L, Gutiérrez JLS, Szkulmowski Z, Piervincenzi E, Aguiar M, El-Khatib MF, Corcione N, Kaya AG, Çiledağ A, Kaya A, Valli G, Pierucci P, Resta O, Steiropoulos P, De Marco F, Caldeira V, Mina BA.Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in Non-Apneic Asthma: A Clinical Review of Current Evidence. Turk Thorac J. 2020 Jul;21(4):274-279. doi: 10.5152/TurkThoracJ.2019.19049. PMID: 32687789; PMCID: PMC7371403.Mayo Clinic.Sleep Apnea Diagnosis & Treatment.Pinto VL, Sharma S.Continuous Positive Airway Pressure. [Updated 2023 Jul 24]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482178/Carpaij OA, van den Berge M.The asthma-obesity relationship: underlying mechanisms and treatment implications.Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2018;24(1):42-49. doi:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000446Scott HA, Gibson PG, Garg ML, et al.Dietary restriction and exercise improve airway inflammation and clinical outcomes in overweight and obese asthma: a randomized trial.Clin Exp Allergy. 2013;43(1):36-49. doi:10.1111/cea.12004Yaremchuk K.Palatal procedures for obstructive sleep apnea.Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2016;49(6):1383-1397. doi:10.1016/j.otc.2016.07.011Puthalapattu S, Ioachimescu OC.Asthma and obstructive sleep apnea: clinical and pathogenic interactions.J Investig Med. 2014;62(4):665-675. doi:10.2310/JIM.0000000000000065Chirakalwasan N, Ruxrungtham K.The linkage of allergic rhinitis and obstructive sleep apnea.Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol.
Abdul Razak MR, Chirakalwasan N.Obstructive sleep apnea and asthma.Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2016;34(4):265-271. doi:10.12932/AP0828
American Academy of Sleep Medicine.Sleep apnea–symptoms & risk factors.
Gonzaga C, Bertolami A, Bertolami M, Amodeo C, Calhoun D.Obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.J Hum Hypertens.2015;29(12):705-12. doi:10.1038/jhh.2015.15
Dixon AE, Clerisme-Beaty EM, Sugar EA, et al.Effects of obstructive sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux disease on asthma control in obesity.Journal of Asthma. 2011;48(7):707-713. doi:10.3109/02770903.2011.601778
Kim SY, Kim HR, Min C, Oh DJ, Park B, Choi HG.Bidirectional association between GERD and asthma in children: two longitudinal follow-up studies using a national sample cohort.Pediatr Res.2020. doi:10.1038/s41390-020-0749-1
Mahfouz R, Barchuk A, Obeidat AE, Mansour MM, Hernandez D, Darweesh M, Aldiabat M, Al-Khateeb MH, Yusuf MH, Aljabiri Y.The Relationship Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Inpatient Settings: A Nationwide Study. Cureus. 2022 Mar 3;14(3):e22810. doi: 10.7759/cureus.22810. PMID: 35399477; PMCID: PMC8980249.
Atkeson A, Yeh SY, Malhotra A, Jelic S.Endothelial function in obstructive sleep apnea. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2009 Mar-Apr;51(5):351-62. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2008.08.002. PMID: 19249441; PMCID: PMC4329644.
Cundrle I Jr, Olson LJ, Johnson BD.Pulmonary Limitations in Heart Failure. Clin Chest Med. 2019 Jun;40(2):439-448. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2019.02.010. PMID: 31078220; PMCID: PMC6541018.
Bahammam, A.Obstructive sleep apnea: from simple upper airway obstruction to systemic inflammation.Annals of Saudi Medicine. 2011;31(1):1-2. doi:10.4103/0256-4947.75770
Tamanna S, Campbell D, Warren R, Ullah MI.Effect of CPAP therapy on symptoms of nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux among patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2016;12(09):1257-1261. doi:10.5664/jcsm.6126
Serrano-Pariente J, Plaza V, Soriano JB, et al.Asthma outcomes improve with continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnea.Allergy. 2017;72(5):802-812. doi:10.1111/all.13070
Karim HMR, Esquinas AM, Ziatabar S, Insalaco G, Skoczyński S, Šarc I, Ferini-Strambi L, Özyiğit LP, Hernández-Gilsoul T, Singha SK, Ciobanu L, Gutiérrez JLS, Szkulmowski Z, Piervincenzi E, Aguiar M, El-Khatib MF, Corcione N, Kaya AG, Çiledağ A, Kaya A, Valli G, Pierucci P, Resta O, Steiropoulos P, De Marco F, Caldeira V, Mina BA.Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in Non-Apneic Asthma: A Clinical Review of Current Evidence. Turk Thorac J. 2020 Jul;21(4):274-279. doi: 10.5152/TurkThoracJ.2019.19049. PMID: 32687789; PMCID: PMC7371403.
Mayo Clinic.Sleep Apnea Diagnosis & Treatment.
Pinto VL, Sharma S.Continuous Positive Airway Pressure. [Updated 2023 Jul 24]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482178/
Carpaij OA, van den Berge M.The asthma-obesity relationship: underlying mechanisms and treatment implications.Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2018;24(1):42-49. doi:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000446
Scott HA, Gibson PG, Garg ML, et al.Dietary restriction and exercise improve airway inflammation and clinical outcomes in overweight and obese asthma: a randomized trial.Clin Exp Allergy. 2013;43(1):36-49. doi:10.1111/cea.12004
Yaremchuk K.Palatal procedures for obstructive sleep apnea.Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2016;49(6):1383-1397. doi:10.1016/j.otc.2016.07.011
Puthalapattu S, Ioachimescu OC.Asthma and obstructive sleep apnea: clinical and pathogenic interactions.J Investig Med. 2014;62(4):665-675. doi:10.2310/JIM.0000000000000065
Chirakalwasan N, Ruxrungtham K.The linkage of allergic rhinitis and obstructive sleep apnea.Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol.
Kong DL, Qin Z, Shen H, Jin HY, Wang W, Wang ZF.Association of obstructive sleep apnea with asthma: a meta-analysis.Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):4088. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04446-6Tingting X, Danming Y, Xin C.Non-surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;275(2):335-346. doi:10.1007/s00405-017-4818-y
Kong DL, Qin Z, Shen H, Jin HY, Wang W, Wang ZF.Association of obstructive sleep apnea with asthma: a meta-analysis.Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):4088. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04446-6
Tingting X, Danming Y, Xin C.Non-surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;275(2):335-346. doi:10.1007/s00405-017-4818-y
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