Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsWhat Is Multiple Sclerosis?Health BenefitsPossible Side EffectsDosage and PreparationWhat to Look ForSummaryFrequently Asked Questions
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
What Is Multiple Sclerosis?
Health Benefits
Possible Side Effects
Dosage and Preparation
What to Look For
Summary
Frequently Asked Questions
Complementary and alternative therapies(CAM) such as essential oils are becoming more commonly used as more people become interested in natural healing therapies. Research has shown that essential oils may help with the management of some multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms and side effects, includingchronic pain, joint and muscle immobility, sleep disturbances, and depression.
MS is anautoimmune diseasewhere the immune system mistakes its own cells as foreign and therefore attacks them.
In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks thecentral nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, and damages the protective covering of nerve fibers known as themyelin sheath. This causes inflammation and issues with communication pathways between the body and the brain, leading to symptoms.
Common MS symptoms include:
Early, Common, and Rare MS Symptoms
Essential Oils for MS Symptoms
Aromatherapy, which is the aroma and inhalation of plant extracts that imparts therapeutic effects, is a type of CAM. Research shows that aromatherapy may have many positive health benefits, such as reducing chronic pain and symptoms of depression.Since many people with MS suffer from these symptoms, aromatherapy may be a good option to add to your disease management plan.
Support for the use of essential oils for chronic disease is mainly from anecdotal evidence. However, some research has shown the health benefits of aromatherapy for MS.
RecapMultiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath. Using essential oils with traditional therapies may help relieve symptoms of MS. However, the clinical evidence is scarce.
Recap
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath. Using essential oils with traditional therapies may help relieve symptoms of MS. However, the clinical evidence is scarce.
Thelimbic systemis the area of the brain responsible for behavioral and emotional responses. When a person inhales essential oils, it activates certain parts of the limbic system. This is thought to be the reason behind the positive health benefits of aromatherapy.
Research on the health benefits of essential oils is mixed, and more is needed to establish that essential oils are effective and safe to use. Some oils have been shown to help with various ailments that are common in MS, such as:
Essential Oils That Can Help You Sleep Better
Best Essential Oils for MS
Although there is little research on how effective essential oils for MS symptoms are, some of the best possible choices and the symptoms they could potentially help include:
One study found that the use of aromatherapy with a massage once per month helped relieve pain, alleviate sleep disturbances, and enhance overall well-being in patients with MS.The specific oils used in the study for MS patients were not mentioned.
RecapWhile there is limited evidence to support the use of essential oils for MS symptoms, several different oils have been proven to be effective for alleviating chronic pain, headaches, inflammation, and sleep disturbances.
While there is limited evidence to support the use of essential oils for MS symptoms, several different oils have been proven to be effective for alleviating chronic pain, headaches, inflammation, and sleep disturbances.
While seemingly safe, using aromatherapy is not without side effects—many of which depend on the potential for allergic reaction, which varies from person to person.
RecapSince there is limited research on the use of essential oils, it can be hard to determine if you will experience side effects. Many people assume that because essential oils are derived from plants they are safe, but plants can also be toxic. It’s important to speak to your doctor prior to starting essential oils for your MS symptoms.
Since there is limited research on the use of essential oils, it can be hard to determine if you will experience side effects. Many people assume that because essential oils are derived from plants they are safe, but plants can also be toxic. It’s important to speak to your doctor prior to starting essential oils for your MS symptoms.
If you have MS and are looking to try essential oils to help with symptoms, speak to your doctor about the best way to go about it. They can tell you if essential oils are right for you, if they will interact with medications you are on, and the best way to use them.
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There are two main ways to use essential oils, either inhaled through a vaporizer or massaged into different areas in the body, usually after being put into a carrier oil. The essential oil is usually very concentrated so it is put in water or another oil.
Each oil concentrate should be diluted with a carrier oil to avoid skin irritation or inflammation.Carrier oils are designed to water down the essential oil and “carry” it onto the skin. There are a variety of carrier oils to choose from, including:
The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy recommends a minimum of 2.5 percent dilution, which is 15 drops of essential oil per 6 teaspoons of carrier oil. Maximum dilution of 10 percent is 60 drops of essential oil per 6 teaspoons of carrier oil. The amount of drops used varies widely depending on the method it’s used, so what a person uses for topical application will be different than if the essential oil is inhaled.
It can be hard to figure out what to look for when it comes to finding the right essential oil. In general, you will want to avoid companies that use problematic marketing tactics such as “too good to be true” health claims without any research to back them up.
When researching companies, pay attention to the extraction process. Extraction can be done in various ways, but according to research, the methods that yield the highest quality are:
The oil you purchase should also only have one ingredient listed. If there are any other ingredients, the oil is diluted. Essential oils should also be packaged in dark bottles and kept out of sunlight.
Coping with the symptoms of MS can be difficult, which is why you may be considering the use of essential oils to help with them. While some research has shown that the use of essential oils may help with some symptoms a person with MS deals with, such as chronic pain, most of the clinical evidence does not address MS and essential oil use specifically.
Before starting to use any essential oils, speak to your doctor. If they give you the go-ahead, you may be able to find some relief. It’s important to note that they can be used as a complementary coping strategy and will not cure the symptoms entirely.
There are various ways you can use aromatherapy for MS symptoms. The oils can be used topically on the skin or inhaled using a diffuser, which is a tool that fills the air in the room with particles of the essential oil for you to breathe in.
Certain essential oils may be able to help with muscle tightness, but no studies have been done on the use of essential oils forMS spasticity.
The best thing you can do when on the hunt for a good quality essential oil is research as much as possible. Look for companies that have certificates and use organic and pressed oils, and that have their oils tested at independent labs.Essential oils that hold a membership with the National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy are generally considered the best.
The best thing you can do when on the hunt for a good quality essential oil is research as much as possible. Look for companies that have certificates and use organic and pressed oils, and that have their oils tested at independent labs.
Essential oils that hold a membership with the National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy are generally considered the best.
22 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Namjooyan F, Ghanavati R, Majdinasab N, Jokari S, Janbozorgi M.Uses of complementary and alternative medicine in multiple sclerosis.J Tradit Complement Med.2014 Jul;4(3):145-152. doi:10.4103/2225-4110.136543Huang WJ, Chen WW, Zhang X.Multiple sclerosis: Pathology, diagnosis and treatments.Exp Ther Med.2017 Jun;13(6):3163-3166. doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4410National Multiple Sclerosis Society.MS symptoms.Sánchez-Vidaña DI, Ngai SP, He W, Chow JK, Lau BW, Tsang HW.The Effectiveness of Aromatherapy for Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.2017;2017:5869315. doi:10.1155/2017/5869315Lakhan SE, Sheafer H, Tepper D.The Effectiveness of Aromatherapy in Reducing Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pain Res Treat.2016;2016:8158693. doi:10.1155/2016/8158693Fung TKH, Lau BWM, Ngai SPC, Tsang HWH.Therapeutic Effect and Mechanisms of Essential Oils in Mood Disorders: Interaction between the Nervous and Respiratory Systems.Int J Mol Sci.2021 May 3;22(9):4844. doi:10.3390/ijms22094844Lee YL, Wu Y, Tsang HW, Leung AY, Cheung WM.A systematic review on the anxiolytic effects of aromatherapy in people with anxiety symptoms.J Altern Complement Med.2011 Feb;17(2):101-108. doi:10.1089/acm.2009.0277Sasannejad P, Saeedi M, Shoeibi A, Gorji A, Abbasi M, Foroughipour M.Lavender essential oil in the treatment of migraine headache: a placebo-controlled clinical trial.Eur Neurol.2012;67(5):288-291. doi:10.1159/000335249Göbel H, Heinze A, Heinze-Kuhn K, Göbel A, Göbel C.Oleum menthae piperitae (Pfefferminzöl) in der Akuttherapie des Kopfschmerzes vom Spannungstyp [Peppermint oil in the acute treatment of tension-type headache].Schmerz.2016 Jun;30(3):295-310. German. doi:10.1007/s00482-016-0109-6Lillehei AS, Halcon LL.A systematic review of the effect of inhaled essential oils on sleep.J Altern Complement Med.2014 Jun;20(6):441-451. doi:10.1089/acm.2013.0311de Lavor ÉM, Fernandes AWC, de Andrade Teles RB, Leal AEBP, de Oliveira Júnior RG, Gama E Silva M, de Oliveira AP, Silva JC, de Moura Fontes Araújo MT, Coutinho HDM, de Menezes IRA, Picot L, da Silva Almeida JRG.Essential Oils and Their Major Compounds in the Treatment of Chronic Inflammation: A Review of Antioxidant Potential in Preclinical Studies and Molecular Mechanisms.Oxid Med Cell Longev.2018 Dec 23;2018:6468593. doi:10.1155/2018/6468593Ayaz M, Sadiq A, Junaid M, Ullah F, Subhan F, Ahmed J.Neuroprotective and Anti-Aging Potentials of Essential Oils from Aromatic and Medicinal Plants.Front Aging Neurosci.2017 May 30;9:168. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00168Varney E, Buckle J.Effect of inhaled essential oils on mental exhaustion and moderate burnout: a small pilot study.J Altern Complement Med.2013 Jan;19(1):69-71. doi:10.1089/acm.2012.0089Koulivand PH, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Gorji A.Lavender and the nervous system.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.2013;2013:681304. doi:10.1155/2013/681304Bagetta, G. Berliocchi, L. Rombolà, L. Morrone, LA. Sakurada, T. Corasaniti, MT. Sakurada, S.Preclinical evidence for rational use of bergamot essential oil in pain trials.Planta Med. 2015;81:SL5C_04. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1565356Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H.Therapeutic effects of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalisL.) and its active constituents on nervous system disorders.Iran J Basic Med Sci.2020 Sep;23(9):1100-1112. doi:10.22038/ijbms.2020.45269.10541Dosoky NS, Setzer WN.Biological Activities and Safety ofCitrusspp. Essential Oils.Int J Mol Sci.2018 Jul 5;19(7):1966. doi:10.3390/ijms19071966Orchard A, van Vuuren SF.Carrier oils in dermatology.Arch Dermatol Res.2019 Nov;311(9):653-672. doi:10.1007/s00403-019-01951-8National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy.Methods of Application.U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Aromatherapy.Stratakos, A. Koidis, A.Chapter 4 - Methods for Extracting Essential Oils.Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety - Academic Press.2016; 31-28. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-416641-7.00004-3Maia MO, Dantas CG, Xavier Filho L, Cândido EA, Gomes MZ.The Effect of Alpinia zerumbet Essential Oil on Post-Stroke Muscle Spasticity.Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol.2016 Jan;118(1):58-62. doi:10.1111/bcpt.12439
22 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Namjooyan F, Ghanavati R, Majdinasab N, Jokari S, Janbozorgi M.Uses of complementary and alternative medicine in multiple sclerosis.J Tradit Complement Med.2014 Jul;4(3):145-152. doi:10.4103/2225-4110.136543Huang WJ, Chen WW, Zhang X.Multiple sclerosis: Pathology, diagnosis and treatments.Exp Ther Med.2017 Jun;13(6):3163-3166. doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4410National Multiple Sclerosis Society.MS symptoms.Sánchez-Vidaña DI, Ngai SP, He W, Chow JK, Lau BW, Tsang HW.The Effectiveness of Aromatherapy for Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.2017;2017:5869315. doi:10.1155/2017/5869315Lakhan SE, Sheafer H, Tepper D.The Effectiveness of Aromatherapy in Reducing Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pain Res Treat.2016;2016:8158693. doi:10.1155/2016/8158693Fung TKH, Lau BWM, Ngai SPC, Tsang HWH.Therapeutic Effect and Mechanisms of Essential Oils in Mood Disorders: Interaction between the Nervous and Respiratory Systems.Int J Mol Sci.2021 May 3;22(9):4844. doi:10.3390/ijms22094844Lee YL, Wu Y, Tsang HW, Leung AY, Cheung WM.A systematic review on the anxiolytic effects of aromatherapy in people with anxiety symptoms.J Altern Complement Med.2011 Feb;17(2):101-108. doi:10.1089/acm.2009.0277Sasannejad P, Saeedi M, Shoeibi A, Gorji A, Abbasi M, Foroughipour M.Lavender essential oil in the treatment of migraine headache: a placebo-controlled clinical trial.Eur Neurol.2012;67(5):288-291. doi:10.1159/000335249Göbel H, Heinze A, Heinze-Kuhn K, Göbel A, Göbel C.Oleum menthae piperitae (Pfefferminzöl) in der Akuttherapie des Kopfschmerzes vom Spannungstyp [Peppermint oil in the acute treatment of tension-type headache].Schmerz.2016 Jun;30(3):295-310. German. doi:10.1007/s00482-016-0109-6Lillehei AS, Halcon LL.A systematic review of the effect of inhaled essential oils on sleep.J Altern Complement Med.2014 Jun;20(6):441-451. doi:10.1089/acm.2013.0311de Lavor ÉM, Fernandes AWC, de Andrade Teles RB, Leal AEBP, de Oliveira Júnior RG, Gama E Silva M, de Oliveira AP, Silva JC, de Moura Fontes Araújo MT, Coutinho HDM, de Menezes IRA, Picot L, da Silva Almeida JRG.Essential Oils and Their Major Compounds in the Treatment of Chronic Inflammation: A Review of Antioxidant Potential in Preclinical Studies and Molecular Mechanisms.Oxid Med Cell Longev.2018 Dec 23;2018:6468593. doi:10.1155/2018/6468593Ayaz M, Sadiq A, Junaid M, Ullah F, Subhan F, Ahmed J.Neuroprotective and Anti-Aging Potentials of Essential Oils from Aromatic and Medicinal Plants.Front Aging Neurosci.2017 May 30;9:168. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00168Varney E, Buckle J.Effect of inhaled essential oils on mental exhaustion and moderate burnout: a small pilot study.J Altern Complement Med.2013 Jan;19(1):69-71. doi:10.1089/acm.2012.0089Koulivand PH, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Gorji A.Lavender and the nervous system.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.2013;2013:681304. doi:10.1155/2013/681304Bagetta, G. Berliocchi, L. Rombolà, L. Morrone, LA. Sakurada, T. Corasaniti, MT. Sakurada, S.Preclinical evidence for rational use of bergamot essential oil in pain trials.Planta Med. 2015;81:SL5C_04. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1565356Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H.Therapeutic effects of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalisL.) and its active constituents on nervous system disorders.Iran J Basic Med Sci.2020 Sep;23(9):1100-1112. doi:10.22038/ijbms.2020.45269.10541Dosoky NS, Setzer WN.Biological Activities and Safety ofCitrusspp. Essential Oils.Int J Mol Sci.2018 Jul 5;19(7):1966. doi:10.3390/ijms19071966Orchard A, van Vuuren SF.Carrier oils in dermatology.Arch Dermatol Res.2019 Nov;311(9):653-672. doi:10.1007/s00403-019-01951-8National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy.Methods of Application.U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Aromatherapy.Stratakos, A. Koidis, A.Chapter 4 - Methods for Extracting Essential Oils.Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety - Academic Press.2016; 31-28. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-416641-7.00004-3Maia MO, Dantas CG, Xavier Filho L, Cândido EA, Gomes MZ.The Effect of Alpinia zerumbet Essential Oil on Post-Stroke Muscle Spasticity.Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol.2016 Jan;118(1):58-62. doi:10.1111/bcpt.12439
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Namjooyan F, Ghanavati R, Majdinasab N, Jokari S, Janbozorgi M.Uses of complementary and alternative medicine in multiple sclerosis.J Tradit Complement Med.2014 Jul;4(3):145-152. doi:10.4103/2225-4110.136543Huang WJ, Chen WW, Zhang X.Multiple sclerosis: Pathology, diagnosis and treatments.Exp Ther Med.2017 Jun;13(6):3163-3166. doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4410National Multiple Sclerosis Society.MS symptoms.Sánchez-Vidaña DI, Ngai SP, He W, Chow JK, Lau BW, Tsang HW.The Effectiveness of Aromatherapy for Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.2017;2017:5869315. doi:10.1155/2017/5869315Lakhan SE, Sheafer H, Tepper D.The Effectiveness of Aromatherapy in Reducing Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pain Res Treat.2016;2016:8158693. doi:10.1155/2016/8158693Fung TKH, Lau BWM, Ngai SPC, Tsang HWH.Therapeutic Effect and Mechanisms of Essential Oils in Mood Disorders: Interaction between the Nervous and Respiratory Systems.Int J Mol Sci.2021 May 3;22(9):4844. doi:10.3390/ijms22094844Lee YL, Wu Y, Tsang HW, Leung AY, Cheung WM.A systematic review on the anxiolytic effects of aromatherapy in people with anxiety symptoms.J Altern Complement Med.2011 Feb;17(2):101-108. doi:10.1089/acm.2009.0277Sasannejad P, Saeedi M, Shoeibi A, Gorji A, Abbasi M, Foroughipour M.Lavender essential oil in the treatment of migraine headache: a placebo-controlled clinical trial.Eur Neurol.2012;67(5):288-291. doi:10.1159/000335249Göbel H, Heinze A, Heinze-Kuhn K, Göbel A, Göbel C.Oleum menthae piperitae (Pfefferminzöl) in der Akuttherapie des Kopfschmerzes vom Spannungstyp [Peppermint oil in the acute treatment of tension-type headache].Schmerz.2016 Jun;30(3):295-310. German. doi:10.1007/s00482-016-0109-6Lillehei AS, Halcon LL.A systematic review of the effect of inhaled essential oils on sleep.J Altern Complement Med.2014 Jun;20(6):441-451. doi:10.1089/acm.2013.0311de Lavor ÉM, Fernandes AWC, de Andrade Teles RB, Leal AEBP, de Oliveira Júnior RG, Gama E Silva M, de Oliveira AP, Silva JC, de Moura Fontes Araújo MT, Coutinho HDM, de Menezes IRA, Picot L, da Silva Almeida JRG.Essential Oils and Their Major Compounds in the Treatment of Chronic Inflammation: A Review of Antioxidant Potential in Preclinical Studies and Molecular Mechanisms.Oxid Med Cell Longev.2018 Dec 23;2018:6468593. doi:10.1155/2018/6468593Ayaz M, Sadiq A, Junaid M, Ullah F, Subhan F, Ahmed J.Neuroprotective and Anti-Aging Potentials of Essential Oils from Aromatic and Medicinal Plants.Front Aging Neurosci.2017 May 30;9:168. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00168Varney E, Buckle J.Effect of inhaled essential oils on mental exhaustion and moderate burnout: a small pilot study.J Altern Complement Med.2013 Jan;19(1):69-71. doi:10.1089/acm.2012.0089Koulivand PH, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Gorji A.Lavender and the nervous system.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.2013;2013:681304. doi:10.1155/2013/681304Bagetta, G. Berliocchi, L. Rombolà, L. Morrone, LA. Sakurada, T. Corasaniti, MT. Sakurada, S.Preclinical evidence for rational use of bergamot essential oil in pain trials.Planta Med. 2015;81:SL5C_04. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1565356Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H.Therapeutic effects of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalisL.) and its active constituents on nervous system disorders.Iran J Basic Med Sci.2020 Sep;23(9):1100-1112. doi:10.22038/ijbms.2020.45269.10541Dosoky NS, Setzer WN.Biological Activities and Safety ofCitrusspp. Essential Oils.Int J Mol Sci.2018 Jul 5;19(7):1966. doi:10.3390/ijms19071966Orchard A, van Vuuren SF.Carrier oils in dermatology.Arch Dermatol Res.2019 Nov;311(9):653-672. doi:10.1007/s00403-019-01951-8National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy.Methods of Application.U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Aromatherapy.Stratakos, A. Koidis, A.Chapter 4 - Methods for Extracting Essential Oils.Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety - Academic Press.2016; 31-28. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-416641-7.00004-3Maia MO, Dantas CG, Xavier Filho L, Cândido EA, Gomes MZ.The Effect of Alpinia zerumbet Essential Oil on Post-Stroke Muscle Spasticity.Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol.2016 Jan;118(1):58-62. doi:10.1111/bcpt.12439
Namjooyan F, Ghanavati R, Majdinasab N, Jokari S, Janbozorgi M.Uses of complementary and alternative medicine in multiple sclerosis.J Tradit Complement Med.2014 Jul;4(3):145-152. doi:10.4103/2225-4110.136543
Huang WJ, Chen WW, Zhang X.Multiple sclerosis: Pathology, diagnosis and treatments.Exp Ther Med.2017 Jun;13(6):3163-3166. doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4410
National Multiple Sclerosis Society.MS symptoms.
Sánchez-Vidaña DI, Ngai SP, He W, Chow JK, Lau BW, Tsang HW.The Effectiveness of Aromatherapy for Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.2017;2017:5869315. doi:10.1155/2017/5869315
Lakhan SE, Sheafer H, Tepper D.The Effectiveness of Aromatherapy in Reducing Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pain Res Treat.2016;2016:8158693. doi:10.1155/2016/8158693
Fung TKH, Lau BWM, Ngai SPC, Tsang HWH.Therapeutic Effect and Mechanisms of Essential Oils in Mood Disorders: Interaction between the Nervous and Respiratory Systems.Int J Mol Sci.2021 May 3;22(9):4844. doi:10.3390/ijms22094844
Lee YL, Wu Y, Tsang HW, Leung AY, Cheung WM.A systematic review on the anxiolytic effects of aromatherapy in people with anxiety symptoms.J Altern Complement Med.2011 Feb;17(2):101-108. doi:10.1089/acm.2009.0277
Sasannejad P, Saeedi M, Shoeibi A, Gorji A, Abbasi M, Foroughipour M.Lavender essential oil in the treatment of migraine headache: a placebo-controlled clinical trial.Eur Neurol.2012;67(5):288-291. doi:10.1159/000335249
Göbel H, Heinze A, Heinze-Kuhn K, Göbel A, Göbel C.Oleum menthae piperitae (Pfefferminzöl) in der Akuttherapie des Kopfschmerzes vom Spannungstyp [Peppermint oil in the acute treatment of tension-type headache].Schmerz.2016 Jun;30(3):295-310. German. doi:10.1007/s00482-016-0109-6
Lillehei AS, Halcon LL.A systematic review of the effect of inhaled essential oils on sleep.J Altern Complement Med.2014 Jun;20(6):441-451. doi:10.1089/acm.2013.0311
de Lavor ÉM, Fernandes AWC, de Andrade Teles RB, Leal AEBP, de Oliveira Júnior RG, Gama E Silva M, de Oliveira AP, Silva JC, de Moura Fontes Araújo MT, Coutinho HDM, de Menezes IRA, Picot L, da Silva Almeida JRG.Essential Oils and Their Major Compounds in the Treatment of Chronic Inflammation: A Review of Antioxidant Potential in Preclinical Studies and Molecular Mechanisms.Oxid Med Cell Longev.2018 Dec 23;2018:6468593. doi:10.1155/2018/6468593
Ayaz M, Sadiq A, Junaid M, Ullah F, Subhan F, Ahmed J.Neuroprotective and Anti-Aging Potentials of Essential Oils from Aromatic and Medicinal Plants.Front Aging Neurosci.2017 May 30;9:168. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00168
Varney E, Buckle J.Effect of inhaled essential oils on mental exhaustion and moderate burnout: a small pilot study.J Altern Complement Med.2013 Jan;19(1):69-71. doi:10.1089/acm.2012.0089
Koulivand PH, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Gorji A.Lavender and the nervous system.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.2013;2013:681304. doi:10.1155/2013/681304
Bagetta, G. Berliocchi, L. Rombolà, L. Morrone, LA. Sakurada, T. Corasaniti, MT. Sakurada, S.Preclinical evidence for rational use of bergamot essential oil in pain trials.Planta Med. 2015;81:SL5C_04. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1565356
Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H.Therapeutic effects of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalisL.) and its active constituents on nervous system disorders.Iran J Basic Med Sci.2020 Sep;23(9):1100-1112. doi:10.22038/ijbms.2020.45269.10541
Dosoky NS, Setzer WN.Biological Activities and Safety ofCitrusspp. Essential Oils.Int J Mol Sci.2018 Jul 5;19(7):1966. doi:10.3390/ijms19071966
Orchard A, van Vuuren SF.Carrier oils in dermatology.Arch Dermatol Res.2019 Nov;311(9):653-672. doi:10.1007/s00403-019-01951-8
National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy.Methods of Application.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Aromatherapy.
Stratakos, A. Koidis, A.Chapter 4 - Methods for Extracting Essential Oils.Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety - Academic Press.2016; 31-28. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-416641-7.00004-3
Maia MO, Dantas CG, Xavier Filho L, Cândido EA, Gomes MZ.The Effect of Alpinia zerumbet Essential Oil on Post-Stroke Muscle Spasticity.Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol.2016 Jan;118(1):58-62. doi:10.1111/bcpt.12439
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