Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsAloe VeraCinnamonVitamin DMagnesiumBitter MelonGymnemaAmerican GinsengChromiumBerberineAlpha-Lipoic AcidNigellaZinc

Table of ContentsView All

View All

Table of Contents

Aloe Vera

Cinnamon

Vitamin D

Magnesium

Bitter Melon

Gymnema

American Ginseng

Chromium

Berberine

Alpha-Lipoic Acid

Nigella

Zinc

Certain vitamins and supplements are thought to help lower bloodglucose (sugar)in people withdiabetesorprediabetes. While it is well known that changes in diet can helpreduce blood sugarin people withtype 1andtype 2 diabetes, the benefits of over-the-counter supplements remain largely unproven, according to the American Diabetes Association.

Even so, many people turn to thesenatural remediesto either support the recommended treatments or reduce their risk of getting diabetes.

This article takes a look at what the current research says about 13 “anti-diabetes” supplements sold online and in drugstores in the United States.

Thana Prasongsin / Getty Images

Consult your doctor or pharmacist when you decide to include a new supplement in your regimen.

Aloe verahas long been thought to have blood sugar-lowering properties.

A 2016 review of eight clinical studies found that oral aloe vera improved glycemic (blood glucose) control in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Even so, the researchers noted that the quality of the research was low and that more randomized controlled trials are needed to support the early findings.

Another review in 2016 suggested that aloe vera was particularly useful in lowering blood sugar levels in people with prediabetes. As with the other study, the authors conceded that the findings were inconsistent and that more research is needed before any recommendations can be made.

How to Use Aloe Vera

Aloe vera comes in a juice you can drink, as well as extracts and dietary supplements. There are no guidelines for the appropriate use of aloe vera in any form, but never consume more than eight ounces of aloe vera juice per day to avoid diarrhea.

Precautions

Aloe vera juice can cause diarrhea, hives, and cramping. This is due to latex found in the plant’s leaves.To avoid these symptoms, choose products made from the inner part (fillet) of the aloe vera plant rather that the latex-rich leaves.

Aloe vera can also interact with drugs like antidepressants and opioids. These interactions can either decrease the activity of the other drug (making it less effective) or increase the activity of the other drug (increasing the risk of side effects).

Warning

A 2020 study suggested thatcinnamon, made from the bark of the cinnamon tree, may help control blood sugar in people with prediabetes.

The 12-week study published in theJournal of the Endocrinology Societyevaluated 54 adults with prediabetes who were given either three daily 500-milligram (mg) doses of cinnamon or three daily doses of a sham drug (placebo). According to the researchers, those who received cinnamon had lower sugar levels after overnight fasting than those given the placebo.

How to Use Cinnamon

When taken at high doses, cinnamon can cause heartburn, indigestion, burping, nausea, and diarrhea. Some types of cinnamon contain a compound calledcoumarinwhich can raise liver enzymes.Consult your healthcare provider before taking cinnamon supplements if you have liver disease.

Vitamin D, or the “sunshine vitamin,” is generated when your body is exposed to the sun’s ultraviolet rays. If your levels are low, it can have wide-ranging negative effects on your body, including a higher risk of type 2 diabetes.

A 2019 study found that vitamin D may improve insulin sensitivity, lowering glucose levels and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The researchers examined 680 women in Brazil from the ages of 35 to 74. They found thatvitamin D supplementsdecrease glucose levels. Regular sun exposure was also tied to lower blood sugar levels.

A 2015 study found that a two-month regimen of taking daily vitamin D supplements resulted in participants having both improved fasting blood sugar and blood glucose levels.

Another study from 2016 echoed these findings. While emphasizing that more research needs to be conducted, the authors concluded that vitamin D supplementation may have beneficial effects on controlling the glycemic indicator.

How to Use Vitamin D

Consult with your doctor about the best dosage of vitamin D for you before using it. It’s recommended that you embrace a well-rounded, nutritious diet to ensure that you get all the nutrients your body needs.

Vitamin D supplements may interact with various medications, including:

Some health risks are associated with taking too much vitamin D. Since this vitamin increases the body’s calcium absorption in your gastrointestinal tract, too much vitamin D can lead to hypercalcemia. Additionally, too much vitamin D can result in renal failure, but only in extreme cases. It can also result in the calcification of soft tissues like your heart valves, causing irregular heartbeats and even death.

Magnesiumis a common mineral that plays a central role inregulating your blood pressure, muscle function, heart rhythm, and blood sugar levels.

In general, diets with higher amounts of magnesium are tied to a lower risk of diabetes, which suggests it plays a role in glucose metabolism.

A 2019 study showed that taking oral magnesium supplements reduced participants’ resistance to insulin and improved glycemic regulation in people living with type 2 diabetes.

How to Use Magnesium

Magnesium supplements come in different forms. Some includemagnesium oxideand citrate, as well as chloride. It’s recommended that you take magnesium with a meal each day for better absorption.

Magnesium supplements caninteract with medications, including antibiotics and diuretics.Consult with your healthcare provider and give them a list of medications you’re currently on to avoid any interactions.

High doses of magnesium supplements can cause nausea, abdominal cramping, and bloating, as well as diarrhea. Magnesium oxide, chloride, gluconate, and carbonate are the forms that tend to cause diarrhea and other gastrointestinal problems. Taking large doses of laxatives and antacids that contain magnesium are tied to magnesium toxicity.

Bitter melon, orMomordica charantia, is a fruit that has been used for medicinal purposes in Chinese as well as Indian medicine for centuries. It is often used as an herbal remedy for diabetes because it contains active anti-diabetic substances which are said to lower blood glucose levels.

There are not a lot of conclusive studies reviewing the impact of bitter melon on lowering blood sugar levels, but a 2011 report does hypothesize that bitter melon capsules contain at least one ingredient for inhibitory activity against the production of a specific enzyme—11β-HSD1. This is said to break down cortisone to the active form cortisol, leading to hyperglycemia. The authors theorize this inhibitory property might be why this fruit is said to possess anti-diabetic properties.

The sample sizes of most studies included in a separate 2013 review were incredibly small. It is hard to definitively say that bitter melon is as effective as more vetted supplements and herbal remedies for lowering blood sugar. The authors concluded that the research is encouraging, but they call for more studies to investigate the benefits of bitter melon.

Herbal Supplements

How to Use Bitter Melon

Bitter melon can be eaten as a whole fruit or squeezed into a juice, or its seeds can be crushed into powdered form for consumption. Bitter melon extract is also sold as an herbal supplement.

For those considering using bitter melon as a supplement to lower blood glucose levels, limit how much you eat or take, since consuming it in excess can result in diarrhea as well as mild abdominal pain.

There may be a risk of hypoglycemia, or extremely low blood sugar, when taken with insulin.One case report suggests that use of bitter melon could result inparoxysmal atrial fibrillation, where a rapid heartbeat begins suddenly and goes away on its own in seven days.

Gymnema, orGymnema sylvestre,is a perennial woody vine found in tropical regions of India, China, Australia, and parts of Africa. It is often used in Ayurvedic medicine.

Research has shown that this plant can diminish a person’s craving for sugar. Additionally, it can lower the rate of the body’s sugar absorption—playing a role in the treatment of diabetes.

One study out of 2017 looked at the impact of taking 200 to 400 mg of gymnemic acid. It showed that taking this substance reduced the intestines’ sugar absorption.

An earlier study in 2010 looked at participants with type 2 diabetes given 500 mg of gymnema every day for a period of three months. The researchers found that participants’ glucose levels, both fasting blood sugar and levels after meals, lowered. Also, diabetic symptoms such as thirst and fatigue were less prominent, lipid levels improved, and levels of a type of hemoglobin bound to glucose known as glycated hemoglobin decreased.

The Health Benefits of Gymnema Sylvestre

How to Use Gymnema

Gymnema can be taken in the form of an extract, tea, or powder. You can also chew on the leaves of the plant itself and can find gymnema in capsule form. If you opt for the capsule form of gymnema supplements, you should consult with your doctor or healthcare provider about the best dosage for you.

There isn’t enough research out there about whether people who are pregnant or breastfeeding should take extra precautions. As always, consult with your provider before using any new supplement.

Given that gymnema can regulate blood sugar levels in people with diabetes, look out for signs of hypoglycemia and monitor your blood sugar. Since it can impact blood sugar levels, it might affect blood sugar control during as well as after a surgery. Consult your provider and let them know you are using this supplement before going in for any surgical procedure.

Be careful about how gymnema might interact with other blood sugar-lowering medications. If you’re taking gymnema and insulin at the same time, for instance, your blood sugar could potentially run too low.Stay on top of your blood sugar levels and consult your healthcare provider if you worry your glucose levels are too low. This might impact the recommended dosage of either gymnema or insulin.

Be careful about how gymnema might interact with other blood sugar-lowering medications. If you’re taking gymnema and insulin at the same time, for instance, your blood sugar could potentially run too low.

Stay on top of your blood sugar levels and consult your healthcare provider if you worry your glucose levels are too low. This might impact the recommended dosage of either gymnema or insulin.

American ginseng, also calledPanax quinquefolius, is an herb commonly used in traditional Native American and Chinese medicine. It is believed the ginseng plant’s roots can prevent infections and treat conditions like cancer and diabetes.

One 2018 study of 39 people living with diabetes found that the herb, coupled with fiber, helped lower blood sugar levels over the course of 12 weeks.However, the authors made it clear that more research needs to be done to better understand the health impacts of this herbal supplement.

That was the similar conclusion of the authors of a 2014 review of 16 different studies. They looked at randomized, controlled trials that took place for a month or longer among people with and without diabetes. They found that those who used ginseng herbal supplements had significantly improved blood sugar levels compared to the control groups.

What Is American Ginseng?

How to Use American Ginseng

You can get ginseng as an extract or in capsule form. As with other supplements, herbal treatments like ginseng are highly unregulated and there is no standardized dosing to adhere to. Consult your doctor or healthcare provider about best ways to incorporate this herbal supplement into your diet or regimen.

Ginseng has been found to have moderate interactions with diabetes medications like insulin and sulfonylureas, including Amaryl (glimepiride), glyburide, and Glucotrol (glipizide). These interactions could result in hypoglycemia.

Ginseng products may also interfere with warfarin, a blood thinner.

In general, ginseng is found to be a safe supplement, but some people have reportedly experienced insomnia, diarrhea, headaches, and anxiety while using this herbal treatment. It might also lower blood sugar with other herbs such as devil’s claw, ginger, guar gum, Panax ginseng, eleuthero, and fenugreek.

Chromium is a natural mineral found in certain foods. It comes in two forms: hexavalent (chromium 6+) and trivalent (chromium 3+). The trivalent form is what you will most likely encounter and is found in foods. However, you should steer clear of its hexavalent form, which is toxic and found in industrial waste and pollution.

How to Use Chromium

There is no established Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for chromium. Generally, multivitamin or mineral supplements that contain chromium have doses of 35-120 mcg. You can also find supplements that are exclusively chromium, which provide 200 mcg to 500 mcg of the mineral. Some can go as high as 1,000 mcg, but they are not as common.

Some medications may interact with chromium supplements. Insulin is one, as taking it with chromium increases the risk of hypoglycemia. Metformin and other diabetes medications taken together with chromium also carry this risk.

Individuals with renal and liver disease may suffer from worse symptoms of their condition if they take a lot of chromium. Some isolated symptoms include weight loss, anemia, liver dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, rhabdomyolysis, dermatitis, and hypoglycemia.

Berberine is a included in a wide range of supplements and has been a staple of traditional Chinese and Indian medicine. It’s been used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia.

A 2019 study examined 80 people who were in the hospital for metabolic syndrome from January 2017 to December 2017. The researchers concluded that berberine-based therapy regulated blood glucose and alleviated insulin resistance.

A 2014 meta-analysis concluded that berberine is a good option for treating conditions like type 2 diabetes in people of lower socioeconomic status because it’s relatively low cost and effective with no serious side effects.

As with other herbal supplements, more research on the benefits of berberine needs to be conducted.

How to Use Berberine

Taking 500 mg of berberine two to three times a day for up to three months could be an effective way to control blood sugar levels.

Berberine does have some interactions with medications you may already be taking. Keep in mind this is not an exhaustive list and that there may be other interactions:

Berberine could cause some gastrointestinal problems like diarrhea, cramping, or constipation. It is unsafe to use on newborns, and people who are pregnant or breastfeeding should avoid using this supplement.

What Is Berberine and What Does It Do For Your Body?

A 2012 study surveyed 38 people with type 2 diabetes who were put on daily 300, 600, 900, and 1,200 mg treatments of alpha-lipoic acid over six months. After treatment, the participants were monitored for their glucose status and oxidative biomarkers. The researchers found that these individuals’ fasting blood sugar levels and A1C decreased in measure with dosage increase.

A 2019 review examined a series of studies on the effectiveness of alpha-lipoic acid. The analysis offers a mixed bag. While some of the research was encouraging, others showed alpha-lipoic acid to be no more effective than placebos administered to participants. Overall, the authors suggested that more studies with larger sample sizes are needed to determine effectiveness.

How to Use Alpha-Lipoic Acid

Dosage of alpha-lipoic acid greatly varies. One study cited a dosage range from 600 mg to as high as 1,200 mg daily before eating.

Alpha-lipoic acid can interact with some medications, including diabetes medications, chemotherapy medications, thyroid medications, and vitamin B1. As always, consult with your healthcare provider before adding any new supplement to your treatment regimen.

In general, alpha-lipoic acid is fairly safe to take and side effects are rare. It hasn’t been studied in pregnant or breastfeeding people. Known side effects include fatigue, diarrhea, skin rash, and insomnia. Given that alpha-lipoic acid lowers blood sugar, people with already low blood sugar levels and diabetes should consult with their doctor or healthcare provider before adding this to their treatment regimen.

Probiotics

In addition to probiotic foods, there are probiotic supplements that can deliver these “good” bacteria to your body in a large concentrated dose.

A 2021 review of studies involving 20 randomized controlled trials and 2,972 participants concluded that probiotic supplements were especially good in managing blood surgery in people withgestational diabetes, the type that can develop during pregnancy.

How to Use Probiotics

In addition to supplements, probiotics are found in fermented foods like:

When taken as a supplement, a daily dose of between 10 to 20 billion CFU (colony-forming units) is considered safe and effective in maintaining a healthy balance of bacteria in your gut.

Probiotics are generally considered safe but may cause side effects in some, including mild stomach upset, diarrhea, gas, and bloating. These tend to occur during the first few days of treatment but will generally subside as your body gets used to the supplements.

Nigella sativa, also known as black cumin seed or simply black seed, is a naturopathic remedy thought to have blood sugar-lowering properties. Proponents suggest that it can treat a wide range of medical conditions, including high blood pressure, skin infections, diarrhea, liver disease, and others.

How to Use Nigella

Nigella supplements are sold online and in many drugstores and supplement shops. The manufacturer’s recommended daily intake is between 1,000 and 2,000 mg per day taken in a single dose. The supplement is typically sold as a gel cap containing black cumin seed oil.

Nigella sativa is generally regarded as safe when used for culinary purposes or taken as a daily supplement. Even so, it can cause stomach upset, gas, bloating. nausea, vomiting, or constipation, especially when taken at higher doses.

It can also interact with certain drugs used to treat high blood pressure. If you are being treated for high blood pressure, speak with your healthcare provider before using Nigella in any form.

Researchers have long recognized that many people with type 2 diabetes havezinc deficiency, leading some to assume that zinc supplements may help improve blood sugar control.

To date, the evidence of this remains mixed. Although a 2015 review of studies suggested that zinc supplements (ranging from 5 to 50 mg) showed promise in managing blood sugar in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, neither the findings nor the quality of the studies were consistent.

Even so, the use ofzinc supplementswas considered reasonable given the many complications that can arise with zinc deficiency (including vision problems, fatigue, skin changes, and an increased risk of infection).

How to Use Zinc

The recommended daily intake of zinc from all sources is 11 mg per day for adult males and 8 mg per day for adult females. Pregnancy and breastfeeding require slightly higher doses (11 mg and 12 mg respectively),

In addition to supplements, excellent food sources of zinc include:

You generally can’t “overdose” on zinc because it is readily excreted from the body in urine. Even so, taking high doses all at once may cause side effects like headache, nausea, stomach upset, diarrhea, and vomiting.

Zinc can also interfere with the absorption ofnonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)like Aleve (naproxen) and Indocin (indomethacin), making these painkillers less effective.

Other supplements thought to improve blood sugar in people with diabetes includefolateandomega-3 fatty acid(found in fish oil).

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Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee.5. Facilitating behavior change and well-being to improve health outcomes: standards of medical care in diabetes—2022.Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Supplement_1):S60-82. doi:10.2337/dc22-S005Suksomboon N, Poolsup N, Punthanitisarn S.Effect of aloe vera on glycaemic control in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Clin Pharm Ther. 2016;41(2):180-188. doi:10.1111/jcpt.12382Zhang Y, Liu W, Liu D, Zhao T, Tian H.Efficacy of aloe vera supplementation on prediabetes and early non-treated diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutrients. 2016;8(7):388. doi:10.3390/nu8070388Guo X, Mei N.Aloe vera: a review of toxicity and adverse clinical effects.J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 2016;34(2):77-96. doi:10.1080/10590501.2016.1166826Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.Aloe vera.Romeo GR, Lee J, Mulla CM, Noh Y, Holden C, Lee BC.Influence of cinnamon on glycemic control in individuals with prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial.J Endocr Soc. 2020;4(11):bvaa094. doi:10.1210/jendso/bvaa094Khan A, Safdar M, Ali Khan MM, Khattak KN, Anderson RA.Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes Care. 2003;26(12):3215-3218. doi:10.2337/diacare.26.12.3215National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Diabetes and dietary supplements.Park SK, Garland CF, Gorham ED, BuDoff L, Barrett-Connor E.Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and risk of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes: 12-year cohort study.PLOS ONE. 2018;13(4):e0193070. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193070Valladares T, Cardoso MR, Aldrighi JM.Higher serum levels of vitamin D are associated with lower blood glucose levels,Menopause. 2019;26(7):781-784. doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001308Mohamad MI, El-Sherbeny EE, Bekhet MM.The effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.J Am Coll Nutr. 2016;35(5):399-404. doi:10.1080/07315724.2015.1026427Foroughi M, Maghsoudi Z, Askari G.The effect of vitamin D supplementation on blood sugar and different indices of insulin resistance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Nafld).Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2016;21(1):100-104. doi:10.4103/1735-9066.174759National Institutes of Health.Vitamin D.National Institutes of Health.Magnesium.ELDerawi WA, Naser IA, Taleb MH, Abutair AS.The effects of oral magnesium supplementation on glycemic response among type 2 diabetes patients.Nutrients. 2018;11(1):44. doi:10.3390/nu11010044Diabetes.co.uk.Bitter melon and diabetes.Blum A, Loerz C, Martin H-J, Staab-Weijnitz CA, Maser E.Momordica charantiaextract, a herbal remedy for type 2 diabetes, contains a specific 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor.J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2012;128(1-2):51-55. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.09.003Joseph B, Jini D.Antidiabetic effects ofMomordica charantia(bitter melon) and its medicinal potency.Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2013;3(2):93-102. doi:10.1016/S2222-1808(13)60052-3.Erden I, Ordu S, Erden EC, Caglar SO.A case of atrial fibrillation due toMomordica charantia(bitter melon).Ann Saudi Med. 2010;30(1):86-87. doi:10.4103/0256-4947.59372Brala PM, Hagen RL.Effects of sweetness perception and caloric value of a preload on short term intake.Physiol Behav. 1983;30(1):1-9. doi:10.1016/0031-9384(83)90030-6Tiwari P, Mishra BN, Sangwan NS.Phytochemical and pharmacological properties ofGymnema sylvestre: an important medicinal plant.Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:830285. doi:10.1155/2014/830285Kumar SN, Mani UV, Mani I.An open label study on the supplementation ofGymnema sylvestrein type 2 diabetics.J Diet Suppl. 2010;7(3):273-282. doi:10.3109/19390211.2010.505901The Marion Gluck Clinic.How gymnema can regulate blood sugar & reduce cravings.RxList.Gymnema.Jenkins AL, Morgan LM, Bishop J, Jovanovski E, Jenkins DJA, Vuksan V.Co-administration of a konjac-based fibre blend and American ginseng (Panax quinquefoliusL.) on glycaemic control and serum lipids in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled, cross-over clinical trial.Eur J Nutr. 2018;57(6):2217–2225. doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1496-xShishtar E, Sievenpiper JL, Djedovic V, et al.The effect of ginseng (the genusPanax) on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.PLOS ONE. 2014;9(9):e107391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107391MedlinePlus.American ginseng.Suksomboon N, Poolsup N, Yuwanakorn A.Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of chromium supplementation in diabetes.J Clin Pharm Ther. 2014;39(3):292-306. doi:10.1111/jcpt.12147Cefalu WT, Hu FB.Role of chromium in human health and in diabetes.Diabetes Care. 2004;27(11):2741-2751. doi:10.2337/diacare.27.11.2741National Institutes of Health.Chromium.Lan J, Zhao Y, Dong F, et al.Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and hypertension.J Ethnopharmacol.2015;161:69-81. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.049Cao C, Su M.Effects of berberine on glucose-lipid metabolism, inflammatory factors and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome.Exp Ther Med. 2019;17(4):3009-3014. doi:10.3892/etm.2019.7295Yin J, Xing H, Ye J.Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Metabolism. 2008;57(5):712-717. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2008.01.013Gomes MB, Negrato CA.Alpha-lipoic acid as a pleiotropic compound with potential therapeutic use in diabetes and other chronic diseases.Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2014;6(1):80. doi:10.1186/1758-5996-6-80Porasuphatana S, Suddee S, Nartnampong A, Konsil J, Harnwong B, Santaweesuk A.Glycemic and oxidative status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus following oral administration of alpha-lipoic acid: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study.Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2012;21(1):12-21.Ebada MA, Fayed N, Fayed L, et al.Efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid in the management of diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Iran J Pharm Res. 2019;18(4):2144-2156. doi:10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100842Mount Sinai.Alpha-lipoic acid.Pan YQ, Zheng QX, Jiang SM, Chen XQ, Zhang XY, We JL.Probiotic supplements improve blood glucose and insulin resistance/sensitivity among healthy and GDM pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.2021;2021:9830200. doi:10.1155/2021/9830200National Institutes of Health. Office of Dietary Supplements.Probiotics. Fact sheet for health professionals.MedlinePlus.Black seed.Hamdan A, Idrus RH, Mokhtar MH.Effects ofNigella sativaon type-2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Dec 5;16(24):4911. doi:10.3390/ijerph16244911Ranasinghe P, Pigera Sh, Galappatthy P, Katulanda P, Constantine GR.Zinc and diabetes mellitus: understanding molecular mechanisms and clinical implications,Daru.2015;23(1):44. doi:10.1186/s40199-015-0127-4National Institute of Health.Zinc. Fact Sheet for Health Professionals.

Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.

American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee.5. Facilitating behavior change and well-being to improve health outcomes: standards of medical care in diabetes—2022.Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Supplement_1):S60-82. doi:10.2337/dc22-S005Suksomboon N, Poolsup N, Punthanitisarn S.Effect of aloe vera on glycaemic control in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Clin Pharm Ther. 2016;41(2):180-188. doi:10.1111/jcpt.12382Zhang Y, Liu W, Liu D, Zhao T, Tian H.Efficacy of aloe vera supplementation on prediabetes and early non-treated diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutrients. 2016;8(7):388. doi:10.3390/nu8070388Guo X, Mei N.Aloe vera: a review of toxicity and adverse clinical effects.J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 2016;34(2):77-96. doi:10.1080/10590501.2016.1166826Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.Aloe vera.Romeo GR, Lee J, Mulla CM, Noh Y, Holden C, Lee BC.Influence of cinnamon on glycemic control in individuals with prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial.J Endocr Soc. 2020;4(11):bvaa094. doi:10.1210/jendso/bvaa094Khan A, Safdar M, Ali Khan MM, Khattak KN, Anderson RA.Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes Care. 2003;26(12):3215-3218. doi:10.2337/diacare.26.12.3215National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Diabetes and dietary supplements.Park SK, Garland CF, Gorham ED, BuDoff L, Barrett-Connor E.Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and risk of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes: 12-year cohort study.PLOS ONE. 2018;13(4):e0193070. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193070Valladares T, Cardoso MR, Aldrighi JM.Higher serum levels of vitamin D are associated with lower blood glucose levels,Menopause. 2019;26(7):781-784. doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001308Mohamad MI, El-Sherbeny EE, Bekhet MM.The effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.J Am Coll Nutr. 2016;35(5):399-404. doi:10.1080/07315724.2015.1026427Foroughi M, Maghsoudi Z, Askari G.The effect of vitamin D supplementation on blood sugar and different indices of insulin resistance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Nafld).Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2016;21(1):100-104. doi:10.4103/1735-9066.174759National Institutes of Health.Vitamin D.National Institutes of Health.Magnesium.ELDerawi WA, Naser IA, Taleb MH, Abutair AS.The effects of oral magnesium supplementation on glycemic response among type 2 diabetes patients.Nutrients. 2018;11(1):44. doi:10.3390/nu11010044Diabetes.co.uk.Bitter melon and diabetes.Blum A, Loerz C, Martin H-J, Staab-Weijnitz CA, Maser E.Momordica charantiaextract, a herbal remedy for type 2 diabetes, contains a specific 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor.J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2012;128(1-2):51-55. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.09.003Joseph B, Jini D.Antidiabetic effects ofMomordica charantia(bitter melon) and its medicinal potency.Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2013;3(2):93-102. doi:10.1016/S2222-1808(13)60052-3.Erden I, Ordu S, Erden EC, Caglar SO.A case of atrial fibrillation due toMomordica charantia(bitter melon).Ann Saudi Med. 2010;30(1):86-87. doi:10.4103/0256-4947.59372Brala PM, Hagen RL.Effects of sweetness perception and caloric value of a preload on short term intake.Physiol Behav. 1983;30(1):1-9. doi:10.1016/0031-9384(83)90030-6Tiwari P, Mishra BN, Sangwan NS.Phytochemical and pharmacological properties ofGymnema sylvestre: an important medicinal plant.Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:830285. doi:10.1155/2014/830285Kumar SN, Mani UV, Mani I.An open label study on the supplementation ofGymnema sylvestrein type 2 diabetics.J Diet Suppl. 2010;7(3):273-282. doi:10.3109/19390211.2010.505901The Marion Gluck Clinic.How gymnema can regulate blood sugar & reduce cravings.RxList.Gymnema.Jenkins AL, Morgan LM, Bishop J, Jovanovski E, Jenkins DJA, Vuksan V.Co-administration of a konjac-based fibre blend and American ginseng (Panax quinquefoliusL.) on glycaemic control and serum lipids in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled, cross-over clinical trial.Eur J Nutr. 2018;57(6):2217–2225. doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1496-xShishtar E, Sievenpiper JL, Djedovic V, et al.The effect of ginseng (the genusPanax) on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.PLOS ONE. 2014;9(9):e107391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107391MedlinePlus.American ginseng.Suksomboon N, Poolsup N, Yuwanakorn A.Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of chromium supplementation in diabetes.J Clin Pharm Ther. 2014;39(3):292-306. doi:10.1111/jcpt.12147Cefalu WT, Hu FB.Role of chromium in human health and in diabetes.Diabetes Care. 2004;27(11):2741-2751. doi:10.2337/diacare.27.11.2741National Institutes of Health.Chromium.Lan J, Zhao Y, Dong F, et al.Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and hypertension.J Ethnopharmacol.2015;161:69-81. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.049Cao C, Su M.Effects of berberine on glucose-lipid metabolism, inflammatory factors and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome.Exp Ther Med. 2019;17(4):3009-3014. doi:10.3892/etm.2019.7295Yin J, Xing H, Ye J.Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Metabolism. 2008;57(5):712-717. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2008.01.013Gomes MB, Negrato CA.Alpha-lipoic acid as a pleiotropic compound with potential therapeutic use in diabetes and other chronic diseases.Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2014;6(1):80. doi:10.1186/1758-5996-6-80Porasuphatana S, Suddee S, Nartnampong A, Konsil J, Harnwong B, Santaweesuk A.Glycemic and oxidative status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus following oral administration of alpha-lipoic acid: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study.Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2012;21(1):12-21.Ebada MA, Fayed N, Fayed L, et al.Efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid in the management of diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Iran J Pharm Res. 2019;18(4):2144-2156. doi:10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100842Mount Sinai.Alpha-lipoic acid.Pan YQ, Zheng QX, Jiang SM, Chen XQ, Zhang XY, We JL.Probiotic supplements improve blood glucose and insulin resistance/sensitivity among healthy and GDM pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.2021;2021:9830200. doi:10.1155/2021/9830200National Institutes of Health. Office of Dietary Supplements.Probiotics. Fact sheet for health professionals.MedlinePlus.Black seed.Hamdan A, Idrus RH, Mokhtar MH.Effects ofNigella sativaon type-2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Dec 5;16(24):4911. doi:10.3390/ijerph16244911Ranasinghe P, Pigera Sh, Galappatthy P, Katulanda P, Constantine GR.Zinc and diabetes mellitus: understanding molecular mechanisms and clinical implications,Daru.2015;23(1):44. doi:10.1186/s40199-015-0127-4National Institute of Health.Zinc. Fact Sheet for Health Professionals.

American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee.5. Facilitating behavior change and well-being to improve health outcomes: standards of medical care in diabetes—2022.Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Supplement_1):S60-82. doi:10.2337/dc22-S005

Suksomboon N, Poolsup N, Punthanitisarn S.Effect of aloe vera on glycaemic control in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Clin Pharm Ther. 2016;41(2):180-188. doi:10.1111/jcpt.12382

Zhang Y, Liu W, Liu D, Zhao T, Tian H.Efficacy of aloe vera supplementation on prediabetes and early non-treated diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutrients. 2016;8(7):388. doi:10.3390/nu8070388

Guo X, Mei N.Aloe vera: a review of toxicity and adverse clinical effects.J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 2016;34(2):77-96. doi:10.1080/10590501.2016.1166826

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.Aloe vera.

Romeo GR, Lee J, Mulla CM, Noh Y, Holden C, Lee BC.Influence of cinnamon on glycemic control in individuals with prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial.J Endocr Soc. 2020;4(11):bvaa094. doi:10.1210/jendso/bvaa094

Khan A, Safdar M, Ali Khan MM, Khattak KN, Anderson RA.Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes Care. 2003;26(12):3215-3218. doi:10.2337/diacare.26.12.3215

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Diabetes and dietary supplements.

Park SK, Garland CF, Gorham ED, BuDoff L, Barrett-Connor E.Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and risk of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes: 12-year cohort study.PLOS ONE. 2018;13(4):e0193070. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193070

Valladares T, Cardoso MR, Aldrighi JM.Higher serum levels of vitamin D are associated with lower blood glucose levels,Menopause. 2019;26(7):781-784. doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001308

Mohamad MI, El-Sherbeny EE, Bekhet MM.The effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.J Am Coll Nutr. 2016;35(5):399-404. doi:10.1080/07315724.2015.1026427

Foroughi M, Maghsoudi Z, Askari G.The effect of vitamin D supplementation on blood sugar and different indices of insulin resistance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Nafld).Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2016;21(1):100-104. doi:10.4103/1735-9066.174759

National Institutes of Health.Vitamin D.

National Institutes of Health.Magnesium.

ELDerawi WA, Naser IA, Taleb MH, Abutair AS.The effects of oral magnesium supplementation on glycemic response among type 2 diabetes patients.Nutrients. 2018;11(1):44. doi:10.3390/nu11010044

Diabetes.co.uk.Bitter melon and diabetes.

Blum A, Loerz C, Martin H-J, Staab-Weijnitz CA, Maser E.Momordica charantiaextract, a herbal remedy for type 2 diabetes, contains a specific 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor.J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2012;128(1-2):51-55. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.09.003

Joseph B, Jini D.Antidiabetic effects ofMomordica charantia(bitter melon) and its medicinal potency.Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2013;3(2):93-102. doi:10.1016/S2222-1808(13)60052-3.

Erden I, Ordu S, Erden EC, Caglar SO.A case of atrial fibrillation due toMomordica charantia(bitter melon).Ann Saudi Med. 2010;30(1):86-87. doi:10.4103/0256-4947.59372

Brala PM, Hagen RL.Effects of sweetness perception and caloric value of a preload on short term intake.Physiol Behav. 1983;30(1):1-9. doi:10.1016/0031-9384(83)90030-6

Tiwari P, Mishra BN, Sangwan NS.Phytochemical and pharmacological properties ofGymnema sylvestre: an important medicinal plant.Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:830285. doi:10.1155/2014/830285

Kumar SN, Mani UV, Mani I.An open label study on the supplementation ofGymnema sylvestrein type 2 diabetics.J Diet Suppl. 2010;7(3):273-282. doi:10.3109/19390211.2010.505901

The Marion Gluck Clinic.How gymnema can regulate blood sugar & reduce cravings.

RxList.Gymnema.

Jenkins AL, Morgan LM, Bishop J, Jovanovski E, Jenkins DJA, Vuksan V.Co-administration of a konjac-based fibre blend and American ginseng (Panax quinquefoliusL.) on glycaemic control and serum lipids in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled, cross-over clinical trial.Eur J Nutr. 2018;57(6):2217–2225. doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1496-x

Shishtar E, Sievenpiper JL, Djedovic V, et al.The effect of ginseng (the genusPanax) on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.PLOS ONE. 2014;9(9):e107391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107391

MedlinePlus.American ginseng.

Suksomboon N, Poolsup N, Yuwanakorn A.Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of chromium supplementation in diabetes.J Clin Pharm Ther. 2014;39(3):292-306. doi:10.1111/jcpt.12147

Cefalu WT, Hu FB.Role of chromium in human health and in diabetes.Diabetes Care. 2004;27(11):2741-2751. doi:10.2337/diacare.27.11.2741

National Institutes of Health.Chromium.

Lan J, Zhao Y, Dong F, et al.Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and hypertension.J Ethnopharmacol.2015;161:69-81. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.049

Cao C, Su M.Effects of berberine on glucose-lipid metabolism, inflammatory factors and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome.Exp Ther Med. 2019;17(4):3009-3014. doi:10.3892/etm.2019.7295

Yin J, Xing H, Ye J.Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Metabolism. 2008;57(5):712-717. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2008.01.013

Gomes MB, Negrato CA.Alpha-lipoic acid as a pleiotropic compound with potential therapeutic use in diabetes and other chronic diseases.Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2014;6(1):80. doi:10.1186/1758-5996-6-80

Porasuphatana S, Suddee S, Nartnampong A, Konsil J, Harnwong B, Santaweesuk A.Glycemic and oxidative status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus following oral administration of alpha-lipoic acid: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study.Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2012;21(1):12-21.

Ebada MA, Fayed N, Fayed L, et al.Efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid in the management of diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Iran J Pharm Res. 2019;18(4):2144-2156. doi:10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100842

Mount Sinai.Alpha-lipoic acid.

Pan YQ, Zheng QX, Jiang SM, Chen XQ, Zhang XY, We JL.Probiotic supplements improve blood glucose and insulin resistance/sensitivity among healthy and GDM pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.2021;2021:9830200. doi:10.1155/2021/9830200

National Institutes of Health. Office of Dietary Supplements.Probiotics. Fact sheet for health professionals.

MedlinePlus.Black seed.

Hamdan A, Idrus RH, Mokhtar MH.Effects ofNigella sativaon type-2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Dec 5;16(24):4911. doi:10.3390/ijerph16244911

Ranasinghe P, Pigera Sh, Galappatthy P, Katulanda P, Constantine GR.Zinc and diabetes mellitus: understanding molecular mechanisms and clinical implications,Daru.2015;23(1):44. doi:10.1186/s40199-015-0127-4

National Institute of Health.Zinc. Fact Sheet for Health Professionals.

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