Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsUsesSide EffectsPrecautionsDosageToxicityInteractionsHow to StoreSimilar SupplementsFrequently Asked QuestionsSources & What to Look For
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Uses
Side Effects
Precautions
Dosage
Toxicity
Interactions
How to Store
Similar Supplements
Frequently Asked Questions
Sources & What to Look For
Panax ginseng, a variety of the herb ginseng, has been touted for several health benefits, including lowering cholesterol, reducing inflammation, and managing blood glucose levels. However, there is not enough research to support these claims.
There are also some safety concerns around the herb’s use. Specifically, people who have high blood pressure, diabetes, and/or a blood clotting disorder should talk to their healthcare provider before using panax ginseng. It may impact their symptoms and interact with their medications.
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not regulate supplements the way it regulates prescription drugs. That means some supplement products may not contain what the label says. Whenchoosing a supplement, look for independently tested products and consult a healthcare provider, registered dietitian nutritionist (RD or RDN), or pharmacist.
Purported Uses of Panax Ginseng
Panax ginsengis often promoted as a general tonic to improve well-being or cholesterol health. It’s also sometimes taken for inflammatory conditions or to help lower blood sugar in those with diabetes.
Though touted to help with several health conditions, there is not enough high-quality research to provide clear recommendations forPanax ginseng’s use.
Supplement FactsActive ingredient(s):GinsenosidesAlternate name(s):Panax ginseng, Asian ginseng, Chinese ginseng, Korean ginseng, red ginseng, white ginseng (not to be confused with Siberian ginseng, American ginseng, pseudoginseng, or black ginseng, all of which come from a different plant)Suggested dose: No standard dose suggestedSafety considerations:Relatively safe for short-term use but not recommended in certain groups—it also interacts with several medications
Supplement Facts
Active ingredient(s):GinsenosidesAlternate name(s):Panax ginseng, Asian ginseng, Chinese ginseng, Korean ginseng, red ginseng, white ginseng (not to be confused with Siberian ginseng, American ginseng, pseudoginseng, or black ginseng, all of which come from a different plant)Suggested dose: No standard dose suggestedSafety considerations:Relatively safe for short-term use but not recommended in certain groups—it also interacts with several medications
Diabetes
Panax ginsengmay have a glucose-lowering effect and has been studied as an add-on therapy in people with diabetes. Several meta-analyses and systematic reviews have evaluated studies conducted on the use of ginseng in diabetes.
One meta-analysis found that supplementing ginseng did not lowerhemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levelsin people with type 2 diabetes. Ginseng did improve fasting glucose and postprandial insulin but not postprandial glucose and fasting insulin.
A systematic review and meta-analysis published inPLOS Onefound that ginseng, compared with a placebo, significantly reduced fasting blood glucose.
In this same review, ginseng did not affect fasting plasma insulin, insulin resistance scores, or HbA1C levels.
Getting convincing evidence from a meta-analysis is challenging because study designs vary widely, including different types or forms of ginseng, doses, and study lengths.
More well-designed studies are necessary before recommending ginseng for blood sugar management.
What Is Hemoglobin A1C?Hemoglobin A1C is a blood test for people with diabetes that tells healthcare providers how well they managed their glucose levels over the previous three months.
What Is Hemoglobin A1C?
Hemoglobin A1C is a blood test for people with diabetes that tells healthcare providers how well they managed their glucose levels over the previous three months.
Cholesterol
High cholesterol levels are a risk factor for developing coronary artery disease. Some studies have shown thatPanax ginsengmay have a cholesterol-lowering effect.
One meta-analysis of the effects of ginseng on lipid profiles found that there was no significant overall improvement in cholesterol, triglyceride, orhigh-density lipoprotein (HDL)andlow-density lipoprotein (LDL)cholesterol levels. But a small subgroup had some significant changes when ginseng was taken at higher doses or for longer periods.
A separate meta-analysis found thatPanax ginsengreduced total and LDL-cholesterol levels but did not improve HDL-cholesterol.
A systematic review of research in people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes showed thatPanax ginsenglowered total and LDL-cholesterol when the dose was at least 2 grams daily.
In another meta-analysis from Korea,Panax ginsengreduced blood pressure, total and LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels when compared with a placebo.
Again, further high-quality research is necessary to determine what dosage will achieve the desired effect on cholesterol levels.
Dietary supplements should only be taken in addition to (not instead of) medical standard care. If you have high cholesterol, talk to your healthcare provider about an appropriate plan that includes diet modification, physical activity, and medications.
Verywell / Anastasia Tretiak
Inflammation
Low-grade inflammation is thought to lead to several diseases and conditions. As a result, there is a major focus on products that have anti-inflammatory effects, which may include ginseng.
A systematic review of the effects of ginseng on inflammatory markers found that ginseng may lower interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (alpha TNF-α) but notC-reactive protein(CRP).
The researchers also mentioned some of the studies were biased. Further research is necessary to determine the dosage that will result in significant reductions of these markers.
A separate meta-analysis found that ginseng did significantly reduce CRP levels but only in individuals who already had an elevated CRP.
More clinical studies are necessary to confirm whether ginseng is an appropriate additional therapy for addressing inflammation.
Other Conditions
Although supplements can help, they are never a “cure-all” option. It is important to be wary of any supplement that claims to treat or cure a medical condition. In some cases, supplements may be touted for a health condition for which they have no benefit.
For instance, studies have found thatPanax ginseng:
What Are the Side Effects of Panax Ginseng?
Ginseng use is common. It is even found in beverages, which may lead you to believe it’s completely safe. But like any herbal supplement or medication, taking it can result in unwanted effects.
The most common side effect of ginseng is insomnia. Additional reported side effects include:
Allergic reactions, severe rash, and liver damage are less common side effects but can be serious.
Children and pregnant or nursing people should avoid takingPanax ginseng.
If you are considering takingPanax ginseng, talk to your healthcare provider if you have:
Dosage: How Much Panax Ginseng Should I Take?
Always speak with a healthcare provider before taking a supplement to ensure that the supplement and dosage are appropriate for your individual needs.
The dosage ofPanax ginsengdepends on the type of ginseng, the reason for using it, and the amount of ginsenosides in the supplement.
There is no recommended standard dose ofPanax ginseng. It is often taken in doses of 200 milligrams (mg) per day in studies. Some have recommended 500–2,000 mg per day if taken from the dry root.
Because dosages can vary, make sure to read the product label for instructions on how to take it. Before startingPanax ginseng, talk to a healthcare provider to determine a safe and appropriate dosage.
What Happens if I Take Too Much Panax Ginseng?
There isn’t much data on the toxicity ofPanax ginseng. Toxicity isn’t likely to occur when taken in the appropriate amounts for a short time. Side effects are more likely if you take too much.
Panax ginsenginteracts with several types of medications. It is important to tell your healthcare provider all the prescription and OTC medication, herbal remedies, and supplements you take. They can help determine if it is safe to takePanax ginseng.
Potential interactions include:
More interactions may occur with other drugs or supplements. Before takingPanax ginseng, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist for more information on potential interactions.
RecapGinseng has the potential to interact with several different types of medications. Before taking herbal supplements, ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider if ginseng is safe for you based on your current health status and medications.
Recap
Ginseng has the potential to interact with several different types of medications. Before taking herbal supplements, ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider if ginseng is safe for you based on your current health status and medications.
How to Store Panax Ginseng
There are several different types of ginseng. Some derive from different plants and may not have the same effect as Panax ginseng. Supplements can also come from root extract or root powder.
A 2014 review noted that the evidence to date suggested that while ginseng may have potential benefits, the evidence wasn’t sufficient to prove benefits. The studies were short-term and had very different methodologies, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Nor is there high-quality research to support its use for people withdementia.
Sources of Panax Ginseng and What to Look For
Panax ginsengcomes from the root of the plant in the genusPanax. It is an herbal remedy made from the plant’s root and isn’t something you typically get in your diet.
When looking for a ginseng supplement, consider the following:
For any supplement or herbal product, look for one that has been independently tested. This provides some quality assurance in that the supplement contains what the label says it does and is free of harmful contaminants. Look for labels from the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), the National Science Foundation (NSF), or ConsumerLab.
Summary
Herbal remedies and alternative medicines are popular, but don’t forget that just because something is labeled “natural” doesn’t mean it’s safe. The FDA regulates dietary supplements as food items, which means they aren’t regulated as strictly as drugs are.
Ginseng supplementation may result in some mild effects. It also interacts with several different medications. It is important to discuss herbal remedies with your healthcare provider to understand their risks versus their benefits.
23 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Asian ginseng.Gui QF, Xu ZR, Xu KY, Yang YM.The efficacy of ginseng-related therapies in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(6):e2584. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000002584Shishtar E, Sievenpiper JL, Djedovic V, et al.The effect of ginseng (the genusPanax) on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e107391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107391Ziaei R, Ghavami A, Ghaedi E, et al.The efficacy of ginseng supplementation on plasma lipid concentration in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Complement Ther Med. 2020;48:102239. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102239Hernández-García D, Granado-Serrano AB, Martín-Gari M, Naudí A, Serrano JC.Efficacy of Panax ginseng supplementation on blood lipid profile. A meta-analysis and systematic review of clinical randomized trials.J Ethnopharmacol. 2019;243:112090. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.112090Naseri K, Saadati S, Sadeghi A, et al.The efficacy of ginseng (Panax) on human prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrients. 2022;14(12):2401. doi:10.3390/nu14122401Park SH, Chung S, Chung MY, et al.Effects ofPanax ginsengon hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Ginseng Res. 2022;46(2):188-205. doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2021.10.002Mohammadi H, Hadi A, Kord-Varkaneh H, et al.Effects of ginseng supplementation on selected markers of inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Phytother Res. 2019;33(8):1991-2001. doi:10.1002/ptr.6399Saboori S, Falahi E, Rad EY, et al.Effects of ginseng on C-reactive protein level: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.Complement Ther Med. 2019;45:98-103. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2019.05.021Lee HW, Ang L, Lee MS.Using ginseng for menopausal women’s health care: a systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials.Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2022;48:101615. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101615Sellami M, Slimeni O, Pokrywka A, et al.Herbal medicine for sports: a review.J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018;15:14. doi:10.1186/s12970-018-0218-yKim S, Kim N, Jeong J, et al.Anti-cancer effect of Panax ginseng and its metabolites: from traditional medicine to modern drug discovery.Processes. 2021;9(8):1344. doi:10.3390/pr9081344Antonelli M, Donelli D, Firenzuoli F.Ginseng integrative supplementation for seasonal acute upper respiratory infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Complement Ther Med. 2020;52:102457. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102457Hassen G, Belete G, Carrera KG, et al.Clinical implications of herbal supplements in conventional medical practice: a US perspective.Cureus. 2022;14(7):e26893. doi:10.7759/cureus.26893Li CT, Wang HB, Xu BJ.A comparative study on anticoagulant activities of three Chinese herbal medicines from the genus Panax and anticoagulant activities of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rg2.Pharm Biol. 2013;51(8):1077-1080. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2013.775164Malík M, Tlustoš P.Nootropic herbs, shrubs, and trees as potential cognitive enhancers.Plants (Basel). 2023;12(6):1364. doi:10.3390/plants12061364Awortwe C, Makiwane M, Reuter H, Muller C, Louw J, Rosenkranz B.Critical evaluation of causality assessment of herb-drug interactions in patients.Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;84(4):679-693. doi:10.1111/bcp.13490Mancuso C, Santangelo R.Panax ginsengandPanax quinquefolius: from pharmacology to toxicology.Food Chem Toxicol. 2017;107(Pt A):362-372. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.019Mohammadi S, Asghari G, Emami-Naini A, Mansourian M, Badri S.Herbal supplement use and herb-drug interactions among patients with kidney disease.J Res Pharm Pract. 2020;9(2):61-67. doi:10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_20_30Yang L, Li CL, Tsai TH.Preclinical herb-drug pharmacokinetic interaction ofPanax ginsengextract and selegiline in freely moving rats.ACS Omega. 2020;5(9):4682-4688. doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c00123Lee HW, Lee MS, Kim TH, et al.Ginseng for erectile dysfunction.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;4(4):CD012654. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012654.pub2Smith I, Williamson EM, Putnam S, Farrimond J, Whalley BJ.Effects and mechanisms of ginseng and ginsenosides on cognition.Nutr Rev. 2014;72(5):319-333. doi:10.1111/nure.12099Food and Drug Administration.Dietary supplements.
23 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Asian ginseng.Gui QF, Xu ZR, Xu KY, Yang YM.The efficacy of ginseng-related therapies in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(6):e2584. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000002584Shishtar E, Sievenpiper JL, Djedovic V, et al.The effect of ginseng (the genusPanax) on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e107391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107391Ziaei R, Ghavami A, Ghaedi E, et al.The efficacy of ginseng supplementation on plasma lipid concentration in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Complement Ther Med. 2020;48:102239. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102239Hernández-García D, Granado-Serrano AB, Martín-Gari M, Naudí A, Serrano JC.Efficacy of Panax ginseng supplementation on blood lipid profile. A meta-analysis and systematic review of clinical randomized trials.J Ethnopharmacol. 2019;243:112090. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.112090Naseri K, Saadati S, Sadeghi A, et al.The efficacy of ginseng (Panax) on human prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrients. 2022;14(12):2401. doi:10.3390/nu14122401Park SH, Chung S, Chung MY, et al.Effects ofPanax ginsengon hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Ginseng Res. 2022;46(2):188-205. doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2021.10.002Mohammadi H, Hadi A, Kord-Varkaneh H, et al.Effects of ginseng supplementation on selected markers of inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Phytother Res. 2019;33(8):1991-2001. doi:10.1002/ptr.6399Saboori S, Falahi E, Rad EY, et al.Effects of ginseng on C-reactive protein level: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.Complement Ther Med. 2019;45:98-103. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2019.05.021Lee HW, Ang L, Lee MS.Using ginseng for menopausal women’s health care: a systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials.Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2022;48:101615. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101615Sellami M, Slimeni O, Pokrywka A, et al.Herbal medicine for sports: a review.J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018;15:14. doi:10.1186/s12970-018-0218-yKim S, Kim N, Jeong J, et al.Anti-cancer effect of Panax ginseng and its metabolites: from traditional medicine to modern drug discovery.Processes. 2021;9(8):1344. doi:10.3390/pr9081344Antonelli M, Donelli D, Firenzuoli F.Ginseng integrative supplementation for seasonal acute upper respiratory infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Complement Ther Med. 2020;52:102457. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102457Hassen G, Belete G, Carrera KG, et al.Clinical implications of herbal supplements in conventional medical practice: a US perspective.Cureus. 2022;14(7):e26893. doi:10.7759/cureus.26893Li CT, Wang HB, Xu BJ.A comparative study on anticoagulant activities of three Chinese herbal medicines from the genus Panax and anticoagulant activities of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rg2.Pharm Biol. 2013;51(8):1077-1080. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2013.775164Malík M, Tlustoš P.Nootropic herbs, shrubs, and trees as potential cognitive enhancers.Plants (Basel). 2023;12(6):1364. doi:10.3390/plants12061364Awortwe C, Makiwane M, Reuter H, Muller C, Louw J, Rosenkranz B.Critical evaluation of causality assessment of herb-drug interactions in patients.Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;84(4):679-693. doi:10.1111/bcp.13490Mancuso C, Santangelo R.Panax ginsengandPanax quinquefolius: from pharmacology to toxicology.Food Chem Toxicol. 2017;107(Pt A):362-372. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.019Mohammadi S, Asghari G, Emami-Naini A, Mansourian M, Badri S.Herbal supplement use and herb-drug interactions among patients with kidney disease.J Res Pharm Pract. 2020;9(2):61-67. doi:10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_20_30Yang L, Li CL, Tsai TH.Preclinical herb-drug pharmacokinetic interaction ofPanax ginsengextract and selegiline in freely moving rats.ACS Omega. 2020;5(9):4682-4688. doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c00123Lee HW, Lee MS, Kim TH, et al.Ginseng for erectile dysfunction.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;4(4):CD012654. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012654.pub2Smith I, Williamson EM, Putnam S, Farrimond J, Whalley BJ.Effects and mechanisms of ginseng and ginsenosides on cognition.Nutr Rev. 2014;72(5):319-333. doi:10.1111/nure.12099Food and Drug Administration.Dietary supplements.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Asian ginseng.Gui QF, Xu ZR, Xu KY, Yang YM.The efficacy of ginseng-related therapies in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(6):e2584. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000002584Shishtar E, Sievenpiper JL, Djedovic V, et al.The effect of ginseng (the genusPanax) on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e107391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107391Ziaei R, Ghavami A, Ghaedi E, et al.The efficacy of ginseng supplementation on plasma lipid concentration in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Complement Ther Med. 2020;48:102239. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102239Hernández-García D, Granado-Serrano AB, Martín-Gari M, Naudí A, Serrano JC.Efficacy of Panax ginseng supplementation on blood lipid profile. A meta-analysis and systematic review of clinical randomized trials.J Ethnopharmacol. 2019;243:112090. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.112090Naseri K, Saadati S, Sadeghi A, et al.The efficacy of ginseng (Panax) on human prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrients. 2022;14(12):2401. doi:10.3390/nu14122401Park SH, Chung S, Chung MY, et al.Effects ofPanax ginsengon hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Ginseng Res. 2022;46(2):188-205. doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2021.10.002Mohammadi H, Hadi A, Kord-Varkaneh H, et al.Effects of ginseng supplementation on selected markers of inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Phytother Res. 2019;33(8):1991-2001. doi:10.1002/ptr.6399Saboori S, Falahi E, Rad EY, et al.Effects of ginseng on C-reactive protein level: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.Complement Ther Med. 2019;45:98-103. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2019.05.021Lee HW, Ang L, Lee MS.Using ginseng for menopausal women’s health care: a systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials.Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2022;48:101615. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101615Sellami M, Slimeni O, Pokrywka A, et al.Herbal medicine for sports: a review.J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018;15:14. doi:10.1186/s12970-018-0218-yKim S, Kim N, Jeong J, et al.Anti-cancer effect of Panax ginseng and its metabolites: from traditional medicine to modern drug discovery.Processes. 2021;9(8):1344. doi:10.3390/pr9081344Antonelli M, Donelli D, Firenzuoli F.Ginseng integrative supplementation for seasonal acute upper respiratory infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Complement Ther Med. 2020;52:102457. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102457Hassen G, Belete G, Carrera KG, et al.Clinical implications of herbal supplements in conventional medical practice: a US perspective.Cureus. 2022;14(7):e26893. doi:10.7759/cureus.26893Li CT, Wang HB, Xu BJ.A comparative study on anticoagulant activities of three Chinese herbal medicines from the genus Panax and anticoagulant activities of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rg2.Pharm Biol. 2013;51(8):1077-1080. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2013.775164Malík M, Tlustoš P.Nootropic herbs, shrubs, and trees as potential cognitive enhancers.Plants (Basel). 2023;12(6):1364. doi:10.3390/plants12061364Awortwe C, Makiwane M, Reuter H, Muller C, Louw J, Rosenkranz B.Critical evaluation of causality assessment of herb-drug interactions in patients.Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;84(4):679-693. doi:10.1111/bcp.13490Mancuso C, Santangelo R.Panax ginsengandPanax quinquefolius: from pharmacology to toxicology.Food Chem Toxicol. 2017;107(Pt A):362-372. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.019Mohammadi S, Asghari G, Emami-Naini A, Mansourian M, Badri S.Herbal supplement use and herb-drug interactions among patients with kidney disease.J Res Pharm Pract. 2020;9(2):61-67. doi:10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_20_30Yang L, Li CL, Tsai TH.Preclinical herb-drug pharmacokinetic interaction ofPanax ginsengextract and selegiline in freely moving rats.ACS Omega. 2020;5(9):4682-4688. doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c00123Lee HW, Lee MS, Kim TH, et al.Ginseng for erectile dysfunction.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;4(4):CD012654. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012654.pub2Smith I, Williamson EM, Putnam S, Farrimond J, Whalley BJ.Effects and mechanisms of ginseng and ginsenosides on cognition.Nutr Rev. 2014;72(5):319-333. doi:10.1111/nure.12099Food and Drug Administration.Dietary supplements.
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Asian ginseng.
Gui QF, Xu ZR, Xu KY, Yang YM.The efficacy of ginseng-related therapies in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(6):e2584. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000002584
Shishtar E, Sievenpiper JL, Djedovic V, et al.The effect of ginseng (the genusPanax) on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e107391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107391
Ziaei R, Ghavami A, Ghaedi E, et al.The efficacy of ginseng supplementation on plasma lipid concentration in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Complement Ther Med. 2020;48:102239. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102239
Hernández-García D, Granado-Serrano AB, Martín-Gari M, Naudí A, Serrano JC.Efficacy of Panax ginseng supplementation on blood lipid profile. A meta-analysis and systematic review of clinical randomized trials.J Ethnopharmacol. 2019;243:112090. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.112090
Naseri K, Saadati S, Sadeghi A, et al.The efficacy of ginseng (Panax) on human prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrients. 2022;14(12):2401. doi:10.3390/nu14122401
Park SH, Chung S, Chung MY, et al.Effects ofPanax ginsengon hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Ginseng Res. 2022;46(2):188-205. doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2021.10.002
Mohammadi H, Hadi A, Kord-Varkaneh H, et al.Effects of ginseng supplementation on selected markers of inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Phytother Res. 2019;33(8):1991-2001. doi:10.1002/ptr.6399
Saboori S, Falahi E, Rad EY, et al.Effects of ginseng on C-reactive protein level: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.Complement Ther Med. 2019;45:98-103. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2019.05.021
Lee HW, Ang L, Lee MS.Using ginseng for menopausal women’s health care: a systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials.Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2022;48:101615. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101615
Sellami M, Slimeni O, Pokrywka A, et al.Herbal medicine for sports: a review.J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018;15:14. doi:10.1186/s12970-018-0218-y
Kim S, Kim N, Jeong J, et al.Anti-cancer effect of Panax ginseng and its metabolites: from traditional medicine to modern drug discovery.Processes. 2021;9(8):1344. doi:10.3390/pr9081344
Antonelli M, Donelli D, Firenzuoli F.Ginseng integrative supplementation for seasonal acute upper respiratory infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Complement Ther Med. 2020;52:102457. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102457
Hassen G, Belete G, Carrera KG, et al.Clinical implications of herbal supplements in conventional medical practice: a US perspective.Cureus. 2022;14(7):e26893. doi:10.7759/cureus.26893
Li CT, Wang HB, Xu BJ.A comparative study on anticoagulant activities of three Chinese herbal medicines from the genus Panax and anticoagulant activities of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rg2.Pharm Biol. 2013;51(8):1077-1080. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2013.775164
Malík M, Tlustoš P.Nootropic herbs, shrubs, and trees as potential cognitive enhancers.Plants (Basel). 2023;12(6):1364. doi:10.3390/plants12061364
Awortwe C, Makiwane M, Reuter H, Muller C, Louw J, Rosenkranz B.Critical evaluation of causality assessment of herb-drug interactions in patients.Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;84(4):679-693. doi:10.1111/bcp.13490
Mancuso C, Santangelo R.Panax ginsengandPanax quinquefolius: from pharmacology to toxicology.Food Chem Toxicol. 2017;107(Pt A):362-372. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.019
Mohammadi S, Asghari G, Emami-Naini A, Mansourian M, Badri S.Herbal supplement use and herb-drug interactions among patients with kidney disease.J Res Pharm Pract. 2020;9(2):61-67. doi:10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_20_30
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