Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsCausesTreatmentPreventionWhen to See a Healthcare Provider

Table of ContentsView All

View All

Table of Contents

Causes

Treatment

Prevention

When to See a Healthcare Provider

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, as with asprain, pregnancy, or medication use, the swelling can be temporary or reversible. Weight loss, reduced salt intake, and other lifestyle changes can help to reduce foot and ankle swelling in the long term.

Get Immediate Care for Sudden SwellingSudden swelling can be life-threatening, depending on the cause. Seek medical care immediately if you can’t put weight on the limb, or the site feels hot or tender.You may have lost feeling or blood flow below the site of the swelling (for example, in your foot beyond a swollen ankle). It’s also key if you have other serious symptoms like heart rhythm changes or trouble breathing.

Get Immediate Care for Sudden Swelling

Sudden swelling can be life-threatening, depending on the cause. Seek medical care immediately if you can’t put weight on the limb, or the site feels hot or tender.You may have lost feeling or blood flow below the site of the swelling (for example, in your foot beyond a swollen ankle). It’s also key if you have other serious symptoms like heart rhythm changes or trouble breathing.

Causes of Foot and Ankle Swelling

1. Trauma

Foot and ankle injuries are among the most common reasons for a healthcare provider visit. Those that cause swelling include:

Those tend to be sudden injuries. Overuse can cause swelling as well, but these injuries tend to come on more gradually. Overuse injuries include:

You’re more likely to injure your feet or ankles if you play sports, exercise a lot, or increase your activity level. This may also be the case if you introduce a new exercise or activity, such as walking or running on a new type of terrain.

Trauma tends to happen to one foot or ankle at a time, so only one side will swell. Some accidents and overuse injuries may cause swelling in both.

2. Arthritis

Arthritis, or joint inflammation, can cause swelling in the foot or ankle.Osteoarthritisis a common form of arthritis that may cause occasional swelling. It may affect a single joint.

Goutis another form of arthritis that typically produces a very painful, red, swollen joint. The big toe is most common but gout can also affect the ankle or other joints in the foot.

Someautoimmune diseasescause swelling and arthritis that affect both feet or ankles.These include:

In each of these conditions, the immune system attacks healthy tissues, leading to pain, inflammation, and damage.

Septic arthritisoccurs due to a bacterial infection in an arthritic joint, often in people who have:

Septic arthritis is most often seen in children and older adults. It can affect just one ankle, or it can more widely affect the body. Septic arthritis can prove fatal and requires immediate medical care.

3. Vein Problems

Problems with leg veins, such asvaricose veinsor spider veins, often cause swelling in the lower legs.

Veins return deoxygenated blood (blood without oxygen) to the heart. They may become damaged as we age and lead to swelling of the legs and ankles.

This is known asvenous insufficiency. The most common signs include:

1:52Things You Might Not Know About Varicose Veins

1:52

Things You Might Not Know About Varicose Veins

4. Blood Vessel Blockage

Pain and swelling in one lower leg can be signs of a circulatory problem. This is often due to a blood clot known as deep veinthrombosis(DVT), but it can have other causes including peripheral artery disease and compartment syndrome (often associated with an injury oroveruse).

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Other risk factors include:

If you take birth control medications, your risk of DVT is further increased if you also smoke or have an inherited blood clotting disorder known as Factor V Leiden.

Peripheral Artery Disease

Withperipheral artery disease(PAD), one or more of the arteries that carry blood to the lower extremities can become blocked due to underlying vascular (blood vessel) disease. This causes fluid to back up and can affect the ankle and foot.

Chronic disease is the most common reason for PAD, but PAD also can occur in people who experience a traumatic injury or are exposed to radiation. In some cases, people diagnosed with PAD also have limited or disordered lymph function. Lymphatic blockage can also contribute to ankle or foot swelling.

Compartment Syndrome

Fluid will sometimes build up around the muscle at the ankle or other site, either due to exertion or because of a sudden injury. It can cause swelling due to the pressure which damages tissue. The forearm and the lower leg (at the shin bone) are common injury sites in people who experience sports-related compartment syndrome.

Pain due to the swelling is common.Compartment syndromeneeds to be treated quickly to avoid permanent tissue death and damage from sudden-onset swelling.

6. Infection

Erysipelas Infection

7. Lymphatic Blockage

Lymphedemais a swelling in your foot or lower leg due to blocked flow of lymph fluid. This can occur due to primary lymphedema, or because of another condition that leads to the swelling.

Primary causes are rare and occur in about one in every 100,000 people in the United States.It can be an inherited disorder; Milroy disease, for example, is a genetic condition that occurs when someone is born with very small (or no) lymph vessels.

Secondary causes of lymphedema affect one in 1,000 people, most often due to chronic venous insufficiency but also due to PAD.

8. Pregnancy

You may have swollen legs after giving birth, as well. The swelling can last for a few days after delivery.

If you have swelling during pregnancy, you should let your healthcare provider know. Lifestyle interventions, like lying on your left side or elevating the legs, can limit symptoms.

If you suddenly begin to swell during pregnancy, you need immediate medical attention. It could mean you’ve developedpreeclampsia, a dangerous type of high blood pressure that can occur during pregnancy.

9. Other Medical Conditions

Some medical conditions that can cause swelling in both legs include:

Treating a Swollen Foot or Ankle at Home

These methods don’t replace medical care for injuries or health conditions, but they can help you manage this symptom.

10. Medications

Some prescription medications can cause swelling in both legs, as well, including:

Drinking alcohol can also cause swelling in the ankles or feet.

Treatment will depend on the cause of swollen feet and ankles. Conservative measures, such as diet and lifestyle changes, may improve symptoms. Exercise and weight loss may help to limit lower leg edema.

Some people may benefit from medication such as diuretics like Lasix (furosemide), which help the body to reduce the fluid that’s retained.On the other hand, they may benefit from changes in medication if it’s the drugs that cause the edema, as with Norvasc (amlodipine) taken for high blood pressure.

Physical therapy may help some people who have swollen feet and ankles due to chronic vascular disease.Surgical care may be needed if blood or lymph vessels are blocked, or to address an underlying health condition that causes the swelling.

There are steps you can take to reduce and prevent swelling in the feet and ankles. Some lifestyle changes include:

Some people may want to try techniques to help with a specific health condition. Compression socks may improve swelling and circulation in people diagnosed with diabetes, for example, while a change in medication or dosage may relieve symptoms due to drugs likecalcium channel blockers.

Let your healthcare provider know right away if you experience:

Seek emergency medical attention for symptoms including:Shortness of breathChest pain and tightness

Seek emergency medical attention for symptoms including:

Summary

Swelling of the ankles and feet is fairly common. You may experience this swelling for a variety of reasons. Sometimes swelling may occur because of trauma or an injury. You may have swollen ankles and feet because of arthritis or certain medical conditions.

Pregnant women may experience foot and ankle swelling as well. Other people may have swollen ankles and feet because of a blood clot or vein problems. For this reason, it’s important to seek immediate medical attention if your ankles and feet suddenly begin to swell for no apparent reason.

27 SourcesVerywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Gasparis AP, Kim PS, Dean SM, Khilnani NM, Labropoulos N.Diagnostic approach to lower limb edema.Phlebology. 2020 Oct;35(9):650-655. doi:10.1177/0268355520938283.U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.About venous thromboembolism (blood clots).American Academy of Family Physicians.Telemedicine Management of Musculoskeletal Issues.Mascarenhas S.A Narrative Review of the Classification and Use of Diagnostic Ultrasound for Conditions of the Achilles Tendon.Diagnostics (Basel). 2020 Nov 13;10(11):944. doi:10.3390/diagnostics10110944.Ragab G, Elshahaly M, Bardin T.Gout: An old disease in new perspective - A review.J Adv Res. 2017;8(5):495-511. doi:10.1016/j.jare.2017.04.008Schwartz N, Chalasani MLS, Li TM, Feng Z, Shipman WD, Lu TT.Lymphatic Function in Autoimmune Diseases.Front Immunol. 2019 Mar 20;10:519. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00519Long B, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M.Evaluation and Management of Septic Arthritis and its Mimics in the Emergency Department.West J Emerg Med. 2019 Mar;20(2):331-341. doi:10.5811/westjem.2018.10.40974.Youn YJ, Lee J.Chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins of the lower extremities.Korean J Intern Med.2019;34(2):269-283. doi:10.3904/kjim.2018.230American Heart Association.Risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE).McDaid A, Logette E, Buchillier V, et al.Risk prediction of developing venous thrombosis in combined oral contraceptive users.PLoS ONE. 2017;12(7):e0182041. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182041Nickles MA, Ennis WJ, O’Donnell TF Jr, Altman IA.Compression therapy in peripheral artery disease: a literature review.J Wound Care. 2023 May 1;32(Sup5):S25-S30. doi:10.12968/jowc.2023.32.Sup5.S25.Buerba RA, Fretes NF, Devana SK, Beck JJ.Chronic exertional compartment syndrome: current management strategies.Open Access J Sports Med. 2019 May 23;10:71-79. doi:10.2147/OAJSM.S168368.Stevens DL, Bryant AE.Streptococcus pyogenesImpetigo, Erysipelas, and Cellulitis.Streptococcus pyogenes: Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations. 2nd ed. Oklahoma City (OK): University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; 2022. Chapter 23. PMID: 36479753.MedlinePlus.Milroy disease.National Health Service (NHS).Swollen ankles, feet and fingers in pregnancy.Harvard Health Publishing.Preeclampsia and eclampsia.Patel H, Skok C, DeMarco A.Peripheral Edema: Evaluation and Management in Primary Care.Am Fam Physician. 2022 Nov;106(5):557-564. PMID: 36379502UpToDate.Patient education: Edema (swelling) (Beyond the basics).MedlinePlus.Fluid imbalance.Ratchford EV, Evans NS.Approach to Lower Extremity Edema.Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2017 Mar;19(3):16. doi:10.1007/s11936-017-0518-6Anisman SD, Erickson SB, Morden NE.How to prescribe loop diuretics in oedema.BMJ. 2019 Feb 21;364:l359. doi:10.1136/bmj.l359National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.Tips to Reduce Salt and Sodium.Center for Vascular Medicine.Top Tips to Elevate Legs and Mistakes to Avoid.Solmaz G.The Effect of Foot Massage Applied to Patients With Congestive Heart Failure on Peripheral Edema and Sleep Quality: A Randomized Controlled Study.Holist Nurs Pract. 2023 May-Jun 01;37(3):143-152. doi:10.1097/HNP.0000000000000581Mezalek ZT, Feodor T, Chernukha L, Chen Z, Rueda A, Sánchez IE,et al.VEIN STEP: A Prospective, Observational, International Study to Assess Effectiveness of Conservative Treatments in Chronic Venous Disease.Adv Ther. 2023 Nov;40(11):5016-5036. doi:10.1007/s12325-023-02643-6Harvard Health Publishing.What’s causing swollen feet and ankles?Mount Sinai.Foot, leg, and ankle swelling.

27 Sources

Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.Gasparis AP, Kim PS, Dean SM, Khilnani NM, Labropoulos N.Diagnostic approach to lower limb edema.Phlebology. 2020 Oct;35(9):650-655. doi:10.1177/0268355520938283.U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.About venous thromboembolism (blood clots).American Academy of Family Physicians.Telemedicine Management of Musculoskeletal Issues.Mascarenhas S.A Narrative Review of the Classification and Use of Diagnostic Ultrasound for Conditions of the Achilles Tendon.Diagnostics (Basel). 2020 Nov 13;10(11):944. doi:10.3390/diagnostics10110944.Ragab G, Elshahaly M, Bardin T.Gout: An old disease in new perspective - A review.J Adv Res. 2017;8(5):495-511. doi:10.1016/j.jare.2017.04.008Schwartz N, Chalasani MLS, Li TM, Feng Z, Shipman WD, Lu TT.Lymphatic Function in Autoimmune Diseases.Front Immunol. 2019 Mar 20;10:519. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00519Long B, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M.Evaluation and Management of Septic Arthritis and its Mimics in the Emergency Department.West J Emerg Med. 2019 Mar;20(2):331-341. doi:10.5811/westjem.2018.10.40974.Youn YJ, Lee J.Chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins of the lower extremities.Korean J Intern Med.2019;34(2):269-283. doi:10.3904/kjim.2018.230American Heart Association.Risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE).McDaid A, Logette E, Buchillier V, et al.Risk prediction of developing venous thrombosis in combined oral contraceptive users.PLoS ONE. 2017;12(7):e0182041. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182041Nickles MA, Ennis WJ, O’Donnell TF Jr, Altman IA.Compression therapy in peripheral artery disease: a literature review.J Wound Care. 2023 May 1;32(Sup5):S25-S30. doi:10.12968/jowc.2023.32.Sup5.S25.Buerba RA, Fretes NF, Devana SK, Beck JJ.Chronic exertional compartment syndrome: current management strategies.Open Access J Sports Med. 2019 May 23;10:71-79. doi:10.2147/OAJSM.S168368.Stevens DL, Bryant AE.Streptococcus pyogenesImpetigo, Erysipelas, and Cellulitis.Streptococcus pyogenes: Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations. 2nd ed. Oklahoma City (OK): University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; 2022. Chapter 23. PMID: 36479753.MedlinePlus.Milroy disease.National Health Service (NHS).Swollen ankles, feet and fingers in pregnancy.Harvard Health Publishing.Preeclampsia and eclampsia.Patel H, Skok C, DeMarco A.Peripheral Edema: Evaluation and Management in Primary Care.Am Fam Physician. 2022 Nov;106(5):557-564. PMID: 36379502UpToDate.Patient education: Edema (swelling) (Beyond the basics).MedlinePlus.Fluid imbalance.Ratchford EV, Evans NS.Approach to Lower Extremity Edema.Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2017 Mar;19(3):16. doi:10.1007/s11936-017-0518-6Anisman SD, Erickson SB, Morden NE.How to prescribe loop diuretics in oedema.BMJ. 2019 Feb 21;364:l359. doi:10.1136/bmj.l359National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.Tips to Reduce Salt and Sodium.Center for Vascular Medicine.Top Tips to Elevate Legs and Mistakes to Avoid.Solmaz G.The Effect of Foot Massage Applied to Patients With Congestive Heart Failure on Peripheral Edema and Sleep Quality: A Randomized Controlled Study.Holist Nurs Pract. 2023 May-Jun 01;37(3):143-152. doi:10.1097/HNP.0000000000000581Mezalek ZT, Feodor T, Chernukha L, Chen Z, Rueda A, Sánchez IE,et al.VEIN STEP: A Prospective, Observational, International Study to Assess Effectiveness of Conservative Treatments in Chronic Venous Disease.Adv Ther. 2023 Nov;40(11):5016-5036. doi:10.1007/s12325-023-02643-6Harvard Health Publishing.What’s causing swollen feet and ankles?Mount Sinai.Foot, leg, and ankle swelling.

Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.

Gasparis AP, Kim PS, Dean SM, Khilnani NM, Labropoulos N.Diagnostic approach to lower limb edema.Phlebology. 2020 Oct;35(9):650-655. doi:10.1177/0268355520938283.U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.About venous thromboembolism (blood clots).American Academy of Family Physicians.Telemedicine Management of Musculoskeletal Issues.Mascarenhas S.A Narrative Review of the Classification and Use of Diagnostic Ultrasound for Conditions of the Achilles Tendon.Diagnostics (Basel). 2020 Nov 13;10(11):944. doi:10.3390/diagnostics10110944.Ragab G, Elshahaly M, Bardin T.Gout: An old disease in new perspective - A review.J Adv Res. 2017;8(5):495-511. doi:10.1016/j.jare.2017.04.008Schwartz N, Chalasani MLS, Li TM, Feng Z, Shipman WD, Lu TT.Lymphatic Function in Autoimmune Diseases.Front Immunol. 2019 Mar 20;10:519. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00519Long B, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M.Evaluation and Management of Septic Arthritis and its Mimics in the Emergency Department.West J Emerg Med. 2019 Mar;20(2):331-341. doi:10.5811/westjem.2018.10.40974.Youn YJ, Lee J.Chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins of the lower extremities.Korean J Intern Med.2019;34(2):269-283. doi:10.3904/kjim.2018.230American Heart Association.Risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE).McDaid A, Logette E, Buchillier V, et al.Risk prediction of developing venous thrombosis in combined oral contraceptive users.PLoS ONE. 2017;12(7):e0182041. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182041Nickles MA, Ennis WJ, O’Donnell TF Jr, Altman IA.Compression therapy in peripheral artery disease: a literature review.J Wound Care. 2023 May 1;32(Sup5):S25-S30. doi:10.12968/jowc.2023.32.Sup5.S25.Buerba RA, Fretes NF, Devana SK, Beck JJ.Chronic exertional compartment syndrome: current management strategies.Open Access J Sports Med. 2019 May 23;10:71-79. doi:10.2147/OAJSM.S168368.Stevens DL, Bryant AE.Streptococcus pyogenesImpetigo, Erysipelas, and Cellulitis.Streptococcus pyogenes: Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations. 2nd ed. Oklahoma City (OK): University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; 2022. Chapter 23. PMID: 36479753.MedlinePlus.Milroy disease.National Health Service (NHS).Swollen ankles, feet and fingers in pregnancy.Harvard Health Publishing.Preeclampsia and eclampsia.Patel H, Skok C, DeMarco A.Peripheral Edema: Evaluation and Management in Primary Care.Am Fam Physician. 2022 Nov;106(5):557-564. PMID: 36379502UpToDate.Patient education: Edema (swelling) (Beyond the basics).MedlinePlus.Fluid imbalance.Ratchford EV, Evans NS.Approach to Lower Extremity Edema.Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2017 Mar;19(3):16. doi:10.1007/s11936-017-0518-6Anisman SD, Erickson SB, Morden NE.How to prescribe loop diuretics in oedema.BMJ. 2019 Feb 21;364:l359. doi:10.1136/bmj.l359National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.Tips to Reduce Salt and Sodium.Center for Vascular Medicine.Top Tips to Elevate Legs and Mistakes to Avoid.Solmaz G.The Effect of Foot Massage Applied to Patients With Congestive Heart Failure on Peripheral Edema and Sleep Quality: A Randomized Controlled Study.Holist Nurs Pract. 2023 May-Jun 01;37(3):143-152. doi:10.1097/HNP.0000000000000581Mezalek ZT, Feodor T, Chernukha L, Chen Z, Rueda A, Sánchez IE,et al.VEIN STEP: A Prospective, Observational, International Study to Assess Effectiveness of Conservative Treatments in Chronic Venous Disease.Adv Ther. 2023 Nov;40(11):5016-5036. doi:10.1007/s12325-023-02643-6Harvard Health Publishing.What’s causing swollen feet and ankles?Mount Sinai.Foot, leg, and ankle swelling.

Gasparis AP, Kim PS, Dean SM, Khilnani NM, Labropoulos N.Diagnostic approach to lower limb edema.Phlebology. 2020 Oct;35(9):650-655. doi:10.1177/0268355520938283.

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.About venous thromboembolism (blood clots).

American Academy of Family Physicians.Telemedicine Management of Musculoskeletal Issues.

Mascarenhas S.A Narrative Review of the Classification and Use of Diagnostic Ultrasound for Conditions of the Achilles Tendon.Diagnostics (Basel). 2020 Nov 13;10(11):944. doi:10.3390/diagnostics10110944.

Ragab G, Elshahaly M, Bardin T.Gout: An old disease in new perspective - A review.J Adv Res. 2017;8(5):495-511. doi:10.1016/j.jare.2017.04.008

Schwartz N, Chalasani MLS, Li TM, Feng Z, Shipman WD, Lu TT.Lymphatic Function in Autoimmune Diseases.Front Immunol. 2019 Mar 20;10:519. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00519

Long B, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M.Evaluation and Management of Septic Arthritis and its Mimics in the Emergency Department.West J Emerg Med. 2019 Mar;20(2):331-341. doi:10.5811/westjem.2018.10.40974.

Youn YJ, Lee J.Chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins of the lower extremities.Korean J Intern Med.2019;34(2):269-283. doi:10.3904/kjim.2018.230

American Heart Association.Risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE).

McDaid A, Logette E, Buchillier V, et al.Risk prediction of developing venous thrombosis in combined oral contraceptive users.PLoS ONE. 2017;12(7):e0182041. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182041

Nickles MA, Ennis WJ, O’Donnell TF Jr, Altman IA.Compression therapy in peripheral artery disease: a literature review.J Wound Care. 2023 May 1;32(Sup5):S25-S30. doi:10.12968/jowc.2023.32.Sup5.S25.

Buerba RA, Fretes NF, Devana SK, Beck JJ.Chronic exertional compartment syndrome: current management strategies.Open Access J Sports Med. 2019 May 23;10:71-79. doi:10.2147/OAJSM.S168368.

Stevens DL, Bryant AE.Streptococcus pyogenesImpetigo, Erysipelas, and Cellulitis.Streptococcus pyogenes: Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations. 2nd ed. Oklahoma City (OK): University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; 2022. Chapter 23. PMID: 36479753.

MedlinePlus.Milroy disease.

National Health Service (NHS).Swollen ankles, feet and fingers in pregnancy.

Harvard Health Publishing.Preeclampsia and eclampsia.

Patel H, Skok C, DeMarco A.Peripheral Edema: Evaluation and Management in Primary Care.Am Fam Physician. 2022 Nov;106(5):557-564. PMID: 36379502

UpToDate.Patient education: Edema (swelling) (Beyond the basics).

MedlinePlus.Fluid imbalance.

Ratchford EV, Evans NS.Approach to Lower Extremity Edema.Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2017 Mar;19(3):16. doi:10.1007/s11936-017-0518-6

Anisman SD, Erickson SB, Morden NE.How to prescribe loop diuretics in oedema.BMJ. 2019 Feb 21;364:l359. doi:10.1136/bmj.l359

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.Tips to Reduce Salt and Sodium.

Center for Vascular Medicine.Top Tips to Elevate Legs and Mistakes to Avoid.

Solmaz G.The Effect of Foot Massage Applied to Patients With Congestive Heart Failure on Peripheral Edema and Sleep Quality: A Randomized Controlled Study.Holist Nurs Pract. 2023 May-Jun 01;37(3):143-152. doi:10.1097/HNP.0000000000000581

Mezalek ZT, Feodor T, Chernukha L, Chen Z, Rueda A, Sánchez IE,et al.VEIN STEP: A Prospective, Observational, International Study to Assess Effectiveness of Conservative Treatments in Chronic Venous Disease.Adv Ther. 2023 Nov;40(11):5016-5036. doi:10.1007/s12325-023-02643-6

Harvard Health Publishing.What’s causing swollen feet and ankles?

Mount Sinai.Foot, leg, and ankle swelling.

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