Table of ContentsView AllTable of ContentsDefinitionSymptomsRisk FactorsTreatmentsCoping
Table of ContentsView All
View All
Table of Contents
Definition
Symptoms
Risk Factors
Treatments
Coping
Fear of falling is also known asbasophobia.Sometimes, typically when referring to fear that emerges after a fall injury, it’s calledptophobia(though the original definition simply meant a fear of standing up or walking).Phobia symptomsinclude nausea, rapid heart rate, chest pain, andanxietythat can lead to avoidance.
Fear of falling affects about 40% ofolder adults, even more in those with ptophobia.The risk of fear of falling also is higher in females (possibly due toosteoporosisand fracture concerns). Other factors can include vision and hearing changes, co-occurring conditions likedepression, and medication use.
This article explains fear of falling, its impact on quality of life and self-confidence, and the cycle that can lead to even greater risk of falling. It discusses treatments, from adaptive changes and exercise tophysical therapyandtalk therapy, that can help people manage a fear of falling.
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What Is Fear of Falling?
The fear of falling is an excessive concern of losing stability, falling to the ground, and being injured. An incident may trigger this emotion, but many people (especially older adults) live with this phobia.
Most falls do not cause serious injury. Still, such trips or slips can limit older people if they avoid healthy activities they can still do. A 2020 study reported that the fear of falling limits older adults' everyday activities as much as having had several previous falls does.
Overcaution
You can lose your balance from external hazards, such as a wet floor. You can also fall from self-initiated motions, such as reaching for an item. In response, you will usually adjust your posture and the way you walk.
A 2020 study showed that when individuals are constantly afraid of falling, thecentral nervous systemmakes them more cautious. However, this extra caution may not be beneficial, as it may ultimately increase their risk of falling.
Balance and Control Differences
People who report having a fear of falling show less control over their balance than individuals of similar ages and physical abilities. Their anxiety may increase if they repeatedly face threats to their balance.
Aging and the onset of neurological diseases affect how people handle perceived or real threats. Fear of falling causes them to shift their body weight incorrectly, leading to almost half of all falls in older adults.
Someone with a phobia about falling can experience symptoms of anxiety, including headache and a racing heart rate. They also may experience:
The sense of panic and anxiety leads people to avoid the people or situations that cause their phobias. With fear of falling, this can mean people are less active. Even tasks like grocery shopping become difficult and are associated with a fear of falling.
Differences Between Panic Disorder and GAD
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A number of approaches can be used to treat phobias, including the fear of falling, as well as co-occurring conditions like depression.One such approach iscognitive behavioral therapy(CBT).
With CBT, a therapist can help you to examine thenegative thoughtsand behaviors that contribute to your fear of falling. They can equip with you with techniques for changing your behavior and theself-confidenceto use them.
A review of CBT used in older people, alone or when combined with exercise programs, found it reduced their fear of falling, depression, and avoidance of activities. It wasn’t clear if it reduced falls, though.
Other options include:
Physical therapyis designed to restore your confidence and mobility. A physical therapist may offer gait training to strengthen muscles, learn and practice good walking form, and improve your posture.
SSRIs vs. SNRIs: How They Work
There are ways to reduce your fear and risk of falls. Studies suggest that improving physical and cognitive fitness, along with making lifestyle changes, help people reclaim their confidence in moving about.
Ask your healthcare provider if any of the following treatments would work for you.
Exercise
Exercise can help you improve your strength, coordination, stability, and self-confidence. Tai chi is an especially helpful tool for building balance.Other forms of exercise to consider include Pilates, yoga, swimming or pool aerobics, and using an exercise bike.
Supplements
Vitamin D is widely used to strengthen bones. Research indicates that daily doses of 800 or more international units (IUs) can reduce fall rates.Taking vitamin D3 with calcium appears to boost the effects of fall reduction. Consistency is key, as nondaily doses seem to increase fall rates, although not significantly.
What Is Vitamin D Deficiency?
Correct Vision
Impaired vision can double your risk of falling. Have your eyes examined at least once per year, and update your prescription as needed.
Use Adaptive Equipment
Your healthcare provider or physical therapist might prescribe the use ofadaptive equipmentfor the short or long term. These include products that help you remain stable and safe while performing daily tasks. Types of adaptive equipment that can help reduce falls include:
You also can improve lighting in the home to lower the risk of falls.
Tips for Staying SteadyTrying even one of these approaches can help you reduce your chances of falling:Wear sturdy, nonslip shoes that fit properly.Walk in familiar places.Walk with someone strong enough to support you.Avoid walking at night, in the dark, or in wet or icy conditions.
Tips for Staying Steady
Trying even one of these approaches can help you reduce your chances of falling:Wear sturdy, nonslip shoes that fit properly.Walk in familiar places.Walk with someone strong enough to support you.Avoid walking at night, in the dark, or in wet or icy conditions.
Trying even one of these approaches can help you reduce your chances of falling:
Summary
Your healthcare provider can objectively assess your risk of falling and recommend ways to prevent falls, if needed. Ask them to review your over-the-counter and prescription medications to determine if any of them may be causing you to become dizzy or drowsy.
If you fall, call your healthcare provider right away. You might need urgent or emergency care to rule out any brain injury or broken bones. If you’re feeling unbalanced or falling often, let your healthcare provider know.
Mental Health HelplineIf you or a loved one are struggling with an extreme fear of falling, contact theSubstance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helplineat800-662-4357for information on support and treatment facilities in your area.
Mental Health Helpline
If you or a loved one are struggling with an extreme fear of falling, contact theSubstance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helplineat800-662-4357for information on support and treatment facilities in your area.
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